Todd E Hogue - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Todd E Hogue
The Wiley Handbook on the Theories, Assessment and Treatment of Sexual Offending, 2016
Eye-trackers are used to estimate an individual’s gaze direction (Weigle & Banks, 2008). They... more Eye-trackers are used to estimate an individual’s gaze direction (Weigle & Banks, 2008). They are important because eye movements are the most frequently made human movement (Richardson & Spivey, 2004), and therefore could potentially provide insight into human perception, action, and cognition. Eye-tracking has a variety of applications (Duchowski, 2002), from understanding low-level vision and cognition to a range of applied applications such as driving (e.g., Mackenzie & Harris, 2014) and marketing (van der Laan, Hooge, de Ridder, Viergever, & Smeets, 2015). Furthermore, although eye-trackers have become increasingly popular and used to address a range of different questions over the past 50 years, there now seems to be a consensus on in its importance and usage (Jacob & Karn, 2003).
Assessing and Managing Problematic Sexual Interests, 2020
Objective This study aimed to examine the way that different types of offenders are stigmatised a... more Objective This study aimed to examine the way that different types of offenders are stigmatised and stereotyped. It was expected that different offender groups would be perceived differently in terms of comprehensive assessment of psychopathic personality (CAPP) traits and punitive responses, and that these responses would be related to pre-existing attitudes. Design An online community survey was used in a between and within group design. Method A sample of 177 individuals provided their baseline attitudes and perceptions about sexual offenders. They then suggested how they thought prototypical sexual offenders presented, based on psychopathic personality (CAPP) traits, and completed a measure of punitive believes. Participants then repeated this procedure in relation to a second randomly assigned group: psychopaths, paedophiles, rapists, violent offenders, or non-offenders who are sexually interested in children. Results Prototypicality analyses of the CAPP ratings about ‘sexual o...
Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 2019
Purpose Fire setters who have an intellectual disability (ID) are often identified as posing a pa... more Purpose Fire setters who have an intellectual disability (ID) are often identified as posing a particular danger to the community although relatively little is known about their characteristics, treatment and support needs. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This study describes the characteristics of 134 residents of low, medium and high security ID facilities in the UK who have either an index offence of arson, a violent index offence or a sexual index offence. Findings Index arson offenders who had an ID had multiple prior convictions, a history of violent offending and a high likelihood of having a comorbid mental disorder. There were many shared characteristics across the three groups. Practical implications The current study suggests that offenders who have ID who set fires have treatment needs that are similar to those of violent and sex offenders. It follows that fire setters who have an ID may also benefit from participating in more establishe...
Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 2018
Law and Human Behavior, 2018
Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 2017
PurposeOver the last ten years, there has been greater interest in the diagnosis of personality d... more PurposeOver the last ten years, there has been greater interest in the diagnosis of personality disorder (PD) in people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). One important characteristic of a diagnostic system is that it should have validity as a contribution to utility. PD has been found to have a predictive relationship with violence and the purpose of this paper is to review two methods for the diagnosis of PD in offenders with IDD in order to evaluate the utility of the diagnoses.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 212 offenders with ID were recruited from three settings – maximum-security, medium/low security and community services. Diagnoses of PD in the case files were compared with a structured system of diagnosis based on DSM-IV traits.FindingsThere were significant differences between the two systems with a significantly higher frequency of PD diagnosis in the community forensic setting in the structured assessment system. There was no relationship betwe...
Sexual abuse : a journal of research and treatment, Jan 9, 2016
Stigmatization and societal punitiveness about pedophilia have a range of potential consequences,... more Stigmatization and societal punitiveness about pedophilia have a range of potential consequences, such as the social isolation of people with sexual interest in children, and the formation of policies that are not consistent with empirical research findings. Previous research has shown that people with pedophilic sexual interests use societal thinking to self-stigmatize, which in turn may actually serve to increase their risk of committing a sexual offense. In this study, we compared two attitudinal interventions (first-person narrative vs. expert opinion) using a student sample (N = 100). It was hypothesized that both interventions would lead to reductions in stigmatization and punitive attitudes about pedophiles on an explicit (self-report) level but that only the narrative intervention would lead to reductions of these constructs at the implicit level. Our findings supported both hypotheses. We further discuss the role of narrative humanization in this area and offer suggestions ...
Psychology, Crime & Law, 2016
Assessment and Treatment of Sex Offenders, 2012
The aim of this chapter is to detail the strategy being used for the assessment of sexual offende... more The aim of this chapter is to detail the strategy being used for the assessment of sexual offenders within the Peaks, a specialist unit for the treatment of personality disordered individuals within a high security hospital setting. As such it is important to have an understanding of the type of population that is likely to be treated within the unit;a conceptual understanding of how factors related to personality disorder and risk are addressed within the unit and then how the strategy for assessing the needs of sexual offenders fits within that context. Within England and Wales the provision of forensic mental health services for individuals who have a personality disorder has been very limited. Historically, classification as ‘psychopathically disordered’ under the Mental Health Act (1983), often with a corresponding label of ‘untreatable’, has led to an exclusion from services rather than a route to provision. It is only during the past five years that there has been the political impetus to develop specific services for those with a personality disorder. The guidance Personality disorder: No longer a diagnosis of exclusion published by the National Institute for Mental Health in England (2003) has acted as the basis for the development of non-forensic services for people with personality disorders. At the same time, the Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder (DSPD) Programme had been the focus of recent Home Office developments relating to personality disordered individuals within forensic settings.
In light of recent press coverage of historic child sexual abuse, we aimed to examine contemporar... more In light of recent press coverage of historic child sexual abuse, we aimed to examine contemporary representations of sexual crime within the British national press. Media reports both inform and enhance public attitudes toward a host of social issues - particularly criminal justice. From ‘name and shame’ to ‘holiday camp prisons’, newspaper reports about the criminal justice system are increasingly setting the course of public debate, impacting upon societal responses to crime, political discourse of crime control, and penal policy. Data were extracted from a database search of British national press reports about convicted cases of sexual, violent, and acquisitive crime. Newspaper articles about convicted cases of sexual, violent, and acquisitive crimes were sourced through the LexisNexis Library from August-November 2013. In total, 454 articles were sampled from 8 of the 10 most-read national newspapers. These were analysed using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software. A nine-times over-representation of sexual crime, a two-and-a-half-times over-representation of violent crime, and a four-and-a-half-times under-representation of acquisitive crime was found in the article sample compared with official crime statistics. These over- and under-representations were accompanied by significantly higher levels of negativity and anger in the sexual crime article subsample compared to articles about both violent and acquisitive crime. Tabloid headlines about sexual crime were more offensive than those from broadsheets. Over-representations and negative reporting of sexual crime form the basis of punitive societal responses to this kind of offending, hindering the reintegration prospects of former offenders.
With the recent increase in the number of 'memorial laws' being enacted in response to sp... more With the recent increase in the number of 'memorial laws' being enacted in response to specific cases of criminal activity, this talk examines the use of sexual crime prototypes in guiding social and political discussions around sexual crime policy. Data are drawn from studies into the representations of sexual crime within the British national press in order to develop a dual-process model of this discourse, with specific cases of sexual offending being identified as guiding social and political discussions about the best ways to reduce incidents of sexual offending, and to sentence and manage its perpetrators. Specifically, the impact of the recent Jimmy Savile sex offending scandal will be drawn upon. Next, a number of empirical studies are then presented, providing experimental support for the notion that the activation of sexual crime prototypes can contribute to public preferences for punitive policies in relation to the sentencing and post-conviction management of sexual offenders. The talk concludes with an outline about how to reduce the impact of misrepresentative sexual crime prototypes through the sharing of ‘success stories’, with a call for greater public engagement from academics in this area to address social misconceptions about this important legislative issue.
Psychology, Crime & Law, 1998
Measuring motivation to change in offender populations is important both for selection into treat... more Measuring motivation to change in offender populations is important both for selection into treatment programmes and for assessing progress in therapy. Two studies are reported in this paper, both looking at the psychometric properties of questionnaires designed to measure stage of change in therapy. The samples used were patients detained in special hospitals under the Mental Health Act (1983) classification
This study aims to develop a measure of sexual offenders' attitudes towards their offence, vi... more This study aims to develop a measure of sexual offenders' attitudes towards their offence, victim and perceived need for treatment. A 45-item questionnaire was developed to assess sexual offenders cognitive distortions about their offences and victims. The main advantage over previous measures of cognitive distortions is that the Sex Offence Inforamtion Questionnaire (SOIQ) can be used independent of whether the victim or victims were male or female, adult or child. Broadly speaking, the scale measures issues relating to the offender's perceived level of responsibility for the offence, the impact and culpability of the victim, and the offender's belief in personal control. A total of 92 sexual offenders completed the questionnaire. A reliable (alpha = .81) totatl SOIQ scale was developed. As expected, SOIQ scores were significantly related to other general measures of attitudes towards sexual aggression, but were not related to measures of social desirability. In addition, 30 sexual offenders completed the SOIQ before and after participation on a treatment programme aimed at changing their offence behaviour. As predicted, SOIQ scores were shown to reduce significantly as a function of clinical intervention.
Abstract 1. Outlines the development of a structured system for measuring the observed clinical p... more Abstract 1. Outlines the development of a structured system for measuring the observed clinical progress of sexual offenders undertaking a treatment program and details the development of a 12-factor rating system based on a Standardized Goal Attainment ...
Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2017
Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 2014
The Wiley Handbook on the Theories, Assessment and Treatment of Sexual Offending, 2016
Eye-trackers are used to estimate an individual’s gaze direction (Weigle & Banks, 2008). They... more Eye-trackers are used to estimate an individual’s gaze direction (Weigle & Banks, 2008). They are important because eye movements are the most frequently made human movement (Richardson & Spivey, 2004), and therefore could potentially provide insight into human perception, action, and cognition. Eye-tracking has a variety of applications (Duchowski, 2002), from understanding low-level vision and cognition to a range of applied applications such as driving (e.g., Mackenzie & Harris, 2014) and marketing (van der Laan, Hooge, de Ridder, Viergever, & Smeets, 2015). Furthermore, although eye-trackers have become increasingly popular and used to address a range of different questions over the past 50 years, there now seems to be a consensus on in its importance and usage (Jacob & Karn, 2003).
Assessing and Managing Problematic Sexual Interests, 2020
Objective This study aimed to examine the way that different types of offenders are stigmatised a... more Objective This study aimed to examine the way that different types of offenders are stigmatised and stereotyped. It was expected that different offender groups would be perceived differently in terms of comprehensive assessment of psychopathic personality (CAPP) traits and punitive responses, and that these responses would be related to pre-existing attitudes. Design An online community survey was used in a between and within group design. Method A sample of 177 individuals provided their baseline attitudes and perceptions about sexual offenders. They then suggested how they thought prototypical sexual offenders presented, based on psychopathic personality (CAPP) traits, and completed a measure of punitive believes. Participants then repeated this procedure in relation to a second randomly assigned group: psychopaths, paedophiles, rapists, violent offenders, or non-offenders who are sexually interested in children. Results Prototypicality analyses of the CAPP ratings about ‘sexual o...
Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 2019
Purpose Fire setters who have an intellectual disability (ID) are often identified as posing a pa... more Purpose Fire setters who have an intellectual disability (ID) are often identified as posing a particular danger to the community although relatively little is known about their characteristics, treatment and support needs. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This study describes the characteristics of 134 residents of low, medium and high security ID facilities in the UK who have either an index offence of arson, a violent index offence or a sexual index offence. Findings Index arson offenders who had an ID had multiple prior convictions, a history of violent offending and a high likelihood of having a comorbid mental disorder. There were many shared characteristics across the three groups. Practical implications The current study suggests that offenders who have ID who set fires have treatment needs that are similar to those of violent and sex offenders. It follows that fire setters who have an ID may also benefit from participating in more establishe...
Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 2018
Law and Human Behavior, 2018
Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 2017
PurposeOver the last ten years, there has been greater interest in the diagnosis of personality d... more PurposeOver the last ten years, there has been greater interest in the diagnosis of personality disorder (PD) in people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). One important characteristic of a diagnostic system is that it should have validity as a contribution to utility. PD has been found to have a predictive relationship with violence and the purpose of this paper is to review two methods for the diagnosis of PD in offenders with IDD in order to evaluate the utility of the diagnoses.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 212 offenders with ID were recruited from three settings – maximum-security, medium/low security and community services. Diagnoses of PD in the case files were compared with a structured system of diagnosis based on DSM-IV traits.FindingsThere were significant differences between the two systems with a significantly higher frequency of PD diagnosis in the community forensic setting in the structured assessment system. There was no relationship betwe...
Sexual abuse : a journal of research and treatment, Jan 9, 2016
Stigmatization and societal punitiveness about pedophilia have a range of potential consequences,... more Stigmatization and societal punitiveness about pedophilia have a range of potential consequences, such as the social isolation of people with sexual interest in children, and the formation of policies that are not consistent with empirical research findings. Previous research has shown that people with pedophilic sexual interests use societal thinking to self-stigmatize, which in turn may actually serve to increase their risk of committing a sexual offense. In this study, we compared two attitudinal interventions (first-person narrative vs. expert opinion) using a student sample (N = 100). It was hypothesized that both interventions would lead to reductions in stigmatization and punitive attitudes about pedophiles on an explicit (self-report) level but that only the narrative intervention would lead to reductions of these constructs at the implicit level. Our findings supported both hypotheses. We further discuss the role of narrative humanization in this area and offer suggestions ...
Psychology, Crime & Law, 2016
Assessment and Treatment of Sex Offenders, 2012
The aim of this chapter is to detail the strategy being used for the assessment of sexual offende... more The aim of this chapter is to detail the strategy being used for the assessment of sexual offenders within the Peaks, a specialist unit for the treatment of personality disordered individuals within a high security hospital setting. As such it is important to have an understanding of the type of population that is likely to be treated within the unit;a conceptual understanding of how factors related to personality disorder and risk are addressed within the unit and then how the strategy for assessing the needs of sexual offenders fits within that context. Within England and Wales the provision of forensic mental health services for individuals who have a personality disorder has been very limited. Historically, classification as ‘psychopathically disordered’ under the Mental Health Act (1983), often with a corresponding label of ‘untreatable’, has led to an exclusion from services rather than a route to provision. It is only during the past five years that there has been the political impetus to develop specific services for those with a personality disorder. The guidance Personality disorder: No longer a diagnosis of exclusion published by the National Institute for Mental Health in England (2003) has acted as the basis for the development of non-forensic services for people with personality disorders. At the same time, the Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder (DSPD) Programme had been the focus of recent Home Office developments relating to personality disordered individuals within forensic settings.
In light of recent press coverage of historic child sexual abuse, we aimed to examine contemporar... more In light of recent press coverage of historic child sexual abuse, we aimed to examine contemporary representations of sexual crime within the British national press. Media reports both inform and enhance public attitudes toward a host of social issues - particularly criminal justice. From ‘name and shame’ to ‘holiday camp prisons’, newspaper reports about the criminal justice system are increasingly setting the course of public debate, impacting upon societal responses to crime, political discourse of crime control, and penal policy. Data were extracted from a database search of British national press reports about convicted cases of sexual, violent, and acquisitive crime. Newspaper articles about convicted cases of sexual, violent, and acquisitive crimes were sourced through the LexisNexis Library from August-November 2013. In total, 454 articles were sampled from 8 of the 10 most-read national newspapers. These were analysed using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software. A nine-times over-representation of sexual crime, a two-and-a-half-times over-representation of violent crime, and a four-and-a-half-times under-representation of acquisitive crime was found in the article sample compared with official crime statistics. These over- and under-representations were accompanied by significantly higher levels of negativity and anger in the sexual crime article subsample compared to articles about both violent and acquisitive crime. Tabloid headlines about sexual crime were more offensive than those from broadsheets. Over-representations and negative reporting of sexual crime form the basis of punitive societal responses to this kind of offending, hindering the reintegration prospects of former offenders.
With the recent increase in the number of 'memorial laws' being enacted in response to sp... more With the recent increase in the number of 'memorial laws' being enacted in response to specific cases of criminal activity, this talk examines the use of sexual crime prototypes in guiding social and political discussions around sexual crime policy. Data are drawn from studies into the representations of sexual crime within the British national press in order to develop a dual-process model of this discourse, with specific cases of sexual offending being identified as guiding social and political discussions about the best ways to reduce incidents of sexual offending, and to sentence and manage its perpetrators. Specifically, the impact of the recent Jimmy Savile sex offending scandal will be drawn upon. Next, a number of empirical studies are then presented, providing experimental support for the notion that the activation of sexual crime prototypes can contribute to public preferences for punitive policies in relation to the sentencing and post-conviction management of sexual offenders. The talk concludes with an outline about how to reduce the impact of misrepresentative sexual crime prototypes through the sharing of ‘success stories’, with a call for greater public engagement from academics in this area to address social misconceptions about this important legislative issue.
Psychology, Crime & Law, 1998
Measuring motivation to change in offender populations is important both for selection into treat... more Measuring motivation to change in offender populations is important both for selection into treatment programmes and for assessing progress in therapy. Two studies are reported in this paper, both looking at the psychometric properties of questionnaires designed to measure stage of change in therapy. The samples used were patients detained in special hospitals under the Mental Health Act (1983) classification
This study aims to develop a measure of sexual offenders' attitudes towards their offence, vi... more This study aims to develop a measure of sexual offenders' attitudes towards their offence, victim and perceived need for treatment. A 45-item questionnaire was developed to assess sexual offenders cognitive distortions about their offences and victims. The main advantage over previous measures of cognitive distortions is that the Sex Offence Inforamtion Questionnaire (SOIQ) can be used independent of whether the victim or victims were male or female, adult or child. Broadly speaking, the scale measures issues relating to the offender's perceived level of responsibility for the offence, the impact and culpability of the victim, and the offender's belief in personal control. A total of 92 sexual offenders completed the questionnaire. A reliable (alpha = .81) totatl SOIQ scale was developed. As expected, SOIQ scores were significantly related to other general measures of attitudes towards sexual aggression, but were not related to measures of social desirability. In addition, 30 sexual offenders completed the SOIQ before and after participation on a treatment programme aimed at changing their offence behaviour. As predicted, SOIQ scores were shown to reduce significantly as a function of clinical intervention.
Abstract 1. Outlines the development of a structured system for measuring the observed clinical p... more Abstract 1. Outlines the development of a structured system for measuring the observed clinical progress of sexual offenders undertaking a treatment program and details the development of a 12-factor rating system based on a Standardized Goal Attainment ...
Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2017
Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 2014