Tolga Akşit - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Tolga Akşit
turkish journal of sport and exercise, Apr 30, 2017
The aim of the present study was to compare anthropometric characteristics, dynamic balance and p... more The aim of the present study was to compare anthropometric characteristics, dynamic balance and physical performances of climbers at recreational and intermediate levels. Climbers were seperated in two groups according to climbing difficulty levels. A total of 24 male rock climbers; 16 at beginner level (mean ± sd; 26.2 ± 4.2 years, climbing grade; 6a/6a+ ) and 8 intermediate level (mean ± sd; 30.8 ± 4.9 years, climbing grade; 7c/7c+) participated voluntariliy in the study Measurements were taken from both groups for anthropometric (body height, weight, body fat ratio, skinfolds, humerus breadth, arm span), intermittent finger hang (IFH), bent-arm hang and hand grip strength. Static (open/closed eyes) and dynamic balance was measured with isokinetic balance test on a force platform. Differences between groups were calculated using an independent samples t-test and also Mann-Whitney U test was used for nonparametric values. As a result, advance group has significantly greater values for limits of stability, humerus breadth, ape index and IFH (p<0.05). No significant difference was found between groups for the other balance parameters, anthropometric characteristics and climbing performance factors. In consequence, static balance parameters of rock climbers were found to be similar to those of other elite athletes in the literature. On the other hand, dynamic balance could be considered to be a more important parameter than static balance for climbers by the nature of the sportThe aim of the present study was to compare anthropometric characteristics, dynamic balance and physical performances of climbers at recreational and intermediate levels. Climbers were seperated in two groups according to climbing difficulty levels. A total of 24 male rock climbers; 16 at beginner level (mean ± sd; 26.2 ± 4.2 years, climbing grade; 6a/6a+ ) and 8 intermediate level (mean ± sd; 30.8 ± 4.9 years, climbing grade; 7c/7c+) participated voluntariliy in the study Measurements were taken from both groups for anthropometric (body height, weight, body fat ratio, skinfolds, humerus breadth, arm span), intermittent finger hang (IFH), bent-arm hang and hand grip strength. Static (open/closed eyes) and dynamic balance was measured with isokinetic balance test on a force platform. Differences between groups were calculated using an independent samples t-test and also Mann-Whitney U test was used for nonparametric values. As a result, advance group has significantly greater values for limits of stability, humerus breadth, ape index and IFH (p<0.05). No significant difference was found between groups for the other balance parameters, anthropometric characteristics and climbing performance factors. In consequence, static balance parameters of rock climbers were found to be similar to those of other elite athletes in the literature. On the other hand, dynamic balance could be considered to be a more important parameter than static balance for climbers by the nature of the spor
Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 2021
Context: Mental training is a promising method to improve motor skills. However, transfer of thes... more Context: Mental training is a promising method to improve motor skills. However, transfer of these improvements to different skills or functional activities is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mental balance training programs on motor coordination and skill transfer. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Fifty-seven healthy adults (28 females and 29 males) aged between 18 and 25 years participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to 3 groups: virtual reality (VR) mental training group, conventional mental training group, and control group. The training program included action observation and motor imagery practice with balance exercise videos. The VR mental training group trained with a VR head-mounted display and the conventional mental training group trained with a nonimmersive computer monitor for 30 minutes, 3 days per week, for 4 weeks. Coordination skills were tested with 2 separate custom-made obstacle course...
differences in motor performance tests of 9-10 year-old junior tennis players in Turkey. Five dif... more differences in motor performance tests of 9-10 year-old junior tennis players in Turkey. Five different motor performance tests – 5 m and 10 m sprint tests (s), tennis ball throwing test (m), standing long jump test (m) and modified tennis planned agility test (s)- were applied to 2461 (925 boys and 647 girls aged 9; 495 boys and 394 girls aged 10) competitive tennis players. The mean and standard deviation for each test data were calculated according to the players’ age and gender groups, and then percentile tables were established for them. Independent samples T test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to determine significant mean and percentage change in means differences in the related measures of the groups. Older girls and boys performed significantly better than younger boys and girls, and boys are superior to girls in the tests. Differences were found significantly in age and gender on all of the motor tests; however, age seems to be related more to performance than gender is...
Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 2012
Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relations between the Yo-yo inter ... more Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relations between the Yo-yo inter - mittent endurance and recovery performance tests with aerobic and anaerobic threshold speed, lactate and heart rate recovery speed, and whether these tests could be used as an alternative test to describe the lactate thresholds in professional soccer players. Material and Methods: 17 male soccer players (aged; 21.11±2.08 year, height; 176.76±6.29 cm, body weight; 72.17±6.72 kg, BMI; 23.09±1.56 kg/m 2 ) of a third professional soccer league team participated in this study. The thresholds and recovery tests, included an incremental intermittent running stages to the voluntary fatigue and 15 minutes passive recovery afterwards. During this test, heart rate and blood lactate values obtained from fingertip were determined after each running stage and recovery period. By these measurements aerobic and anaerobic threshold running speeds (at 2 and 4 mM blood lactate concen - tration) were dete...
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas with vasodilator and metabolic regulator properties. The present study... more Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas with vasodilator and metabolic regulator properties. The present study aimed to examine the relation between NO and lactic acid, and NO difference in acute anaerobic and aerobic loads in aerobic and anaerobic exercise groups. Three groups participated in this study; each group consisted of 11 men with similar physical characteristics. The groups consisted of swimmers as the aerobic group (AeG), volleyball players as the anaerobic group (AnG), and control group (CG). Participants were given 3 acute exercise phases in the scope of lactate minimum speed test (LMSt). NO and lactic acid measurements were taken at particular phases in LMSt. Lactate minimum speed values of AeG (11.5±1.1 km·h-1) were significantly higher than those of the CG (p<0.05). Significant decrease (25.6%) was found in the NO levels in AeG after the Wingate test (p<0.05). The difference between NO values after Wingate test and recovery NO (ΔWNO) in AeG was significantly greater than t...
Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2021
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate whether vibration significantly affected the ... more Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate whether vibration significantly affected the efficiency of off-road cyclists. Patients and methods Eight male mountain cyclists (mean age 21.1±1 years; range, 19 to 22 years) between August 2017 and November 2017 were included. The experimental protocol included four testing sessions with a one-day interval between testing sessions: a familiarization session; performance of submaximal tests; performance of maximal graded exercise test; and a 30-min mountain bike trial performed with vibration or without vibration. Physiological measures including volume of oxygen uptake (VO2), volume of 2), VO2, VCO2, heart rate, respiratory exchange ratio, rating of perceived exertion, and gross efficiency (GE) were compared between the trials performed with vibration or without vibration. Results There was a significant increase in the GE with the addition of intermittent vibration, particularly over the last 15 min of the cycling trial (p<0.0...
Purpose. Each sport is characterized by athletes with particular physical and biomotor attributes... more Purpose. Each sport is characterized by athletes with particular physical and biomotor attributes favoring performance in their given sport. This study aimed to identify anthropometric and biomotor variables of Turkish female judokas in national young team and also to find potential relationship between the variables. Methods. Twenty-nine female judokas (age 17.8±0.78 years, body height 163.3±6.25 cm, and body mass 67.6±14.21 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. The anthropometric variables included body mass index, body fat % and the sum of five adipose skinfolds. Somatotype was determined using the Heath-Carter method. The biomotor variables were maximal aerobic power, lower limbs maximal muscle power (30-second Wingate and vertical jump tests), hand grip strength and flexibility of the trunk. Results. Turkish judokas showed meso-endomorphic characteristics and moderate to high body fatness, a low flexibility, a low to moderate aerobic power, a moderate anaerobic power an...
Purpose. Each sport is characterized by athletes with particular physical and biomotor attributes... more Purpose. Each sport is characterized by athletes with particular physical and biomotor attributes favoring performance in their given sport. This study aimed to identify anthropometric and biomotor variables of Turkish female judokas in national young team and also to find potential relationship between the variables. Methods. Twenty-nine female judokas (age 17.8±0.78 years, body height 163.3±6.25 cm, and body mass 67.6±14.21 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. The anthropometric variables included body mass index, body fat % and the sum of five adipose skinfolds. Somatotype was determined using the Heath-Carter method. The biomotor variables were maximal aerobic power, lower limbs maximal muscle power (30-second Wingate and vertical jump tests), hand grip strength and flexibility of the trunk. Results. Turkish judokas showed meso-endomorphic characteristics and moderate to high body fatness, a low flexibility, a low to moderate aerobic power, a moderate anaerobic power an...
Nitrik oksit (NO) vazodilatör, antioksidan özelliklere sahip ayrıca kan glikoz (GL) ve laktat (LA... more Nitrik oksit (NO) vazodilatör, antioksidan özelliklere sahip ayrıca kan glikoz (GL) ve laktat (LA) metabolizmasında da rolü olan bir gazdır. Tenisteki performans, “groundstroke” dediğimiz forehand/backhand vuruşları, servisin hızları ve isabet başarı yüzdesi ile tenise özgü hareketleri tekrarlı olarak gerçekleştirebilme kapasitesine bağlıdır. Literatürde NO’ nun tenis performansı, LA düzeyleri ve LA eliminasyonu ile ilişkilerini birlikte inceleyen bir çalışmaya rastlanmadı. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada; düzenli olarak antrenman yapan 20-30 yas arası elit erkek tenis oyuncularında (n=20), kortta bir egzersiz modeli geliştirerek; performans yüzdesi, NO, LA ve GL parametreleri arasındaki ilişkilerin araştırılması amaçlandı. Bu modelde; şiddeti top atış hızı ile belirlenen ve gittikçe artarak maksimale kadar süren ve aralıklı 4 periyottan oluşan ve toplam 14 dk. süren bir forehand/backhand vurusu gerçekleştirilmiş olup isabet yüzdesi de performans olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu maksimal egzersiz periyodundan hemen sonra da 20 dk.’lık pasif toparlanma periyodu başlatılmıştır. Her bir periyot ve toparlanma sonrasında alınan parmak ucu kanlarından belirlenen parametreler ile performans arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Sporcuların fiziksel ve fizyolojik (Anaerobik esik) ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Verilerin analizlerinde SPSS 12.0 istatistik programı kullanılmıştır ve anlamlılık değerleri p<0.05 olarak belirlenmiştir. Her bir periyot sonunda: Kan NO, LA, GL ve KAH parametreleri lineer bir artış gösterirken performans yüzdesi ise bunların tersine bir düşüş gösterdi. Yine her bir periyot sonrasındaki performans, kan NO (3.periyot hariç), LA ve GL değerleri, KAH ve LA eliminasyonu ve anaerobik esik değerleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmadı. Sadece 3. periyotta, performans ve kan NO değeri arasında (r = 0.494; p<0.05) ve toparlanma periyodu esnasındaki NO ve glikozun düşme hızları (oranları) arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulundu. Sonuç olarak: Bu çalışmada egzersizin kan NO düzeyleri artırıcı yönde olumlu bir etkisi görüldü. Toparlanma esnasındaki NO ve GL metabolizmalarının birbiriyle ilişkili olması dikkat çekicidir. Elit tenis sporcularında 3. periyottakine benzer submaksimal bir antrenman modeli performans açısından daha yararlı olabilir. Ayrıca bu egzersizle NO’ da görülen artış sağlık açısından da önem taşımaktadır
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
The purpose of this study was to analyse in detail body weight squat (BWS)’ fatigue effect on the... more The purpose of this study was to analyse in detail body weight squat (BWS)’ fatigue effect on the range of motions (ROM) of the hip, knee, ankle and ground reaction forces (GRF). Twenty male recreational athletes (24.0 ± 3.1 years, 178.85 ± 7.12 cm and 78.7 ± 11.45 kg) participated in this study. BWS were performed on four load cell platforms until the participants failed to continue. Participants performed 73 ± 27 repetitions and the duration to complete of the repetitions was 140.72 ± 62.28 s during the BWS exercise. The forefoot and hindfoot of the feet were on two load cells, thus, there were two under each foot. All of the data collected was divided into three sections for analysis (24 ± 9 repetitions for each). In terms of GRF of the fore feet and hind feet, significant differences and medium to large effect size were found between each section (p = 0.006~0.040, ES = 0.693~0.492). No significant differences were found between right and left leg in all sections. Significant dif...
Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 2012
The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of ribose supplementation on interval anaer... more The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of ribose supplementation on interval anaerobic performance and fatiguing substance concentrations. The study cohort consisted of physically active, young male volunteers (n = 15). With a double-blind cross over study design, each participant completed two all-out anaerobic exercise sessions, one week apart, one by supplementing maltodextrine and the other by supplementing ribose (150 mg/kg in each test). Two repetitions of 30-s maximal performance with a 4-min interval were completed. Blood samples were taken at rest and five minutes after the second sprint repetition. Neither the biochemical parameters: pH (−0.32± 0.09 vs.−0.26± 0.11), lactate (La) (13.8± 1.9 vs. 13.3± 2.7 mM, ammonia (423 ± 190 vs. 404 ± 166 μmol/L), inorganic phosphate (Pi) (0.68 ± 0.53 vs. 0.72 ± 0.63 mM) nor the anaerobic output (746.2 ± 82.5 vs. 760.2 ± 86.8 watts) were affected by placebo and ribose supplementations significantly (p > 0.05). In conclusion, based on this protocol, anaerobic performance and/or biochemical status are not affected by ribose supplementation.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity, 2019
Background: The purpose of the present study was to describe factor structures to evaluate swimme... more Background: The purpose of the present study was to describe factor structures to evaluate swimmers' endurance. The second aim was to determine 5000m pool velocity (5000 Vp) and 5000m open water swimming velocity (5000 Vow). Material and methods: The study sample comprised 14 swimmers who were candidates for the Turkish Open Water National Team (age: 13.78 ±1.21 years; height: 168.06 ±6.67 m; body mass: 59.06 ±7.99 kg). Anaerobic threshold, critical swimming speed, and 5000m swimming tests were measured in a pool setting, and 5000m open water swimming test was measured in sea conditions. Results: Results of the factor analysis show that the effect of 4 cardiorespiratory endurance factors, classified as velocity and heart rate (HR), HR and lactate, exercise HR and exercise lactate, were explained at 89.16% in relation to 5000m open water swimming performance, and the first factor had the greatest factor weight and formed 48% of the total variance. Regression coefficients for 5000 Vp and 5000 Vow were found to be R 2 = 0.94 and R 2 = 0.79, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest the equations of prediction specified in the present study may provide trainers with more appropriate tools to evaluate performance in juvenile swimmers.
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2016
Warm-up is believed to be one of the most important factors in achieving an optimal performance i... more Warm-up is believed to be one of the most important factors in achieving an optimal performance in all sports. Its purpose is to promote physical capacities such as strength, endurance, flexibility, and to prepare the body for physical activity, increasing the body temperature, the speed of the neuromuscular responses and is also found to prevent tendon and ligament injuries. A specific warm-up to jump and sprinting in team sports may require a large use of energy and can be potentially harmful when it is too long or is
Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 2017
Open water swimming (OWS) is an endurance sport. Nitric oxide (NO) is a vasodilator gas, therefor... more Open water swimming (OWS) is an endurance sport. Nitric oxide (NO) is a vasodilator gas, therefore it is related to endurance. Physiological stress levels of OWS on children are unknown. The purposes of this study were to investigate the physiological responses to 5000 m OWS and its relation with serum NOx (nitrite plus nitrate) levels in children. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et th ho od ds s: : Trained OWS athletes (9 males and 5 females; age=13.8±1.12 years) participated in the study. Serum NOx, oxidative stress index (OSI): total antioxidant status (TAS)/total oxidant stress status (TOS) ratio, muscle damage markers (MDM): serum creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, leucocyte counts and serum glucose (GLU) levels were determined before and after the OWS. Lactate (La), whole blood glucose (WGLU) analyses were done from the fingertip blood samples and heart rate (HR) was measured after every 1000 m. R Re es su ul lt ts s: : After 5000 m OWS, HR and La levels were recorded as 166 beat/min and 2.95 mM. The results indicated that MDM significantly increased (p<0.01), and OSI significantly decreased however there were no significantly changes in TAS, NOx and serum glucose (GLU) values. Basal NOx levels was only related to CK (r=-0.529, p=0.052), but not other parameters. C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : 5000 m OWS exercise induced a moderate physiological stress without any oxidative stress, hypoglycemia and health risk for the investigated parameters risk. Although this exercise did not increase blood NOx levels, the negative relationship between basal NOx and CK parameters may show the anti-inflammatory role of NO during OWS exercises in the children. K Ke ey yw wo or rd ds s: : Swimming; nitric oxide; oxidative stress; stres, physiological Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Açık su yüzme (ASY) bir dayanıklılık sporudur. Nitrik Oksit (NO) damar genişletici özelliği nedeniyle, dayanıklılıkla ilişkili bir gazdır. ASY'nin çocuklar üzerindeki fizyolojik etkileri bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; çocukların 5000 m ASY egzersizine verdikleri fizyolojik cevapları ve bu cevapların serum NOx (Nitrit + nitrat) düzeyleri ile ilişkisini araştırmaktır. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : Çalışmaya aktif ASY sporcuları (9 erkek, 5 kız; yaş=13,8±1,12 yıl) dâhil edilmiştir. Yüzmeden önce ve sonra serum NOx, oksidatif stres indeksi (OSI): toplam antioksidant statüsü (TAS)/toplam oksidatif stres statüsü (TOS), kas hasarı göstergeleri (KHG): serum kreatinkinaz (KK), aspartat aminotransferaz (AAT) aktiviteleri ve lökosit) ölçümü yapılmıştır. Her 1000 m yüzmenin ardından kalp atımı, el parmak ucu kanından laktat ve tam kan glukoz (WGLU) seviyesi ölçülmüştür. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : 5000 m ASY sonunda ortalama kalp atımı (HR); 166 atım/dk, laktat düzeyi; 2,95 mM olarak bulunmuştur. KHG'nin yükseldiği (p<0,01), TAS, NOx ve serum glikoz (GLU) değerlerinin anlamlı olarak değişmediği fakat OSI'nin düştüğü (p<0,01) tespit edilmiştir. Bazal NOx ve KK aktivitesi arasında korelasyon bulunmuştur (r=-0,529, p=0,052). S So on nu uç ç: : 5000 m ASY egzersizi çocuklarda, orta seviyede bir fizyolojik strese neden olmuştur, fakat oksidatif stres, hipoglisemi ve araştırılan parametreler için herhangi bir sağlık riski yaratmamıştır. ASY her ne kadar NOx'da bir artış yaratmamış olsa da, NOx ve KK arasındaki ilişki NO'nun ASY esnasında anti-inflamatuar bir rolü olabileceğini gösterir.
Turkiye Klinikleri Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2012
Teniste başarı, iyi bir teknik, beceri, fiziksel hazırlık ve bu yetileri koruma, doğru psikolojik... more Teniste başarı, iyi bir teknik, beceri, fiziksel hazırlık ve bu yetileri koruma, doğru psikolojik yaklaşım ve iyi bir kort taktiğine bağlıdır. Günümüz modern tenisinde başarı yüksek teknik ve beceri gerektirir.
Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 2015
Performance in tennis involves various physical, technical/tactical and psychological factors tog... more Performance in tennis involves various physical, technical/tactical and psychological factors together with a combination of abilities of agility, speed and power. On the other hand today serves have been a most important factor in winning a match. This study examined the effects of 6-week specific exercises program on serve performance and anthropometric characteristics in tennis players. Twenty competitive healthy tennis players were randomly divided into control and training groups. While the training group (n=10, 22.8±1.6 years) performed combined routine tennis training and 3 sessions (each session 45-60 min) including medicine ball, resistance and balance exercises, the control group (n=10, 18±0.0 years) only performed routine tenn is training on court. Serve velocity, body height and weight, body fat ratios were assessed initially and at the end of the six week exercise program. As a result, tennis specific exercise training performed together with the 6-week tennis exercises program provided further improvement in the serve velocity of tennis players than those in the control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, specific exercises are recommended to be performed in order to increase service speed.
turkish journal of sport and exercise, Apr 30, 2017
The aim of the present study was to compare anthropometric characteristics, dynamic balance and p... more The aim of the present study was to compare anthropometric characteristics, dynamic balance and physical performances of climbers at recreational and intermediate levels. Climbers were seperated in two groups according to climbing difficulty levels. A total of 24 male rock climbers; 16 at beginner level (mean ± sd; 26.2 ± 4.2 years, climbing grade; 6a/6a+ ) and 8 intermediate level (mean ± sd; 30.8 ± 4.9 years, climbing grade; 7c/7c+) participated voluntariliy in the study Measurements were taken from both groups for anthropometric (body height, weight, body fat ratio, skinfolds, humerus breadth, arm span), intermittent finger hang (IFH), bent-arm hang and hand grip strength. Static (open/closed eyes) and dynamic balance was measured with isokinetic balance test on a force platform. Differences between groups were calculated using an independent samples t-test and also Mann-Whitney U test was used for nonparametric values. As a result, advance group has significantly greater values for limits of stability, humerus breadth, ape index and IFH (p<0.05). No significant difference was found between groups for the other balance parameters, anthropometric characteristics and climbing performance factors. In consequence, static balance parameters of rock climbers were found to be similar to those of other elite athletes in the literature. On the other hand, dynamic balance could be considered to be a more important parameter than static balance for climbers by the nature of the sportThe aim of the present study was to compare anthropometric characteristics, dynamic balance and physical performances of climbers at recreational and intermediate levels. Climbers were seperated in two groups according to climbing difficulty levels. A total of 24 male rock climbers; 16 at beginner level (mean ± sd; 26.2 ± 4.2 years, climbing grade; 6a/6a+ ) and 8 intermediate level (mean ± sd; 30.8 ± 4.9 years, climbing grade; 7c/7c+) participated voluntariliy in the study Measurements were taken from both groups for anthropometric (body height, weight, body fat ratio, skinfolds, humerus breadth, arm span), intermittent finger hang (IFH), bent-arm hang and hand grip strength. Static (open/closed eyes) and dynamic balance was measured with isokinetic balance test on a force platform. Differences between groups were calculated using an independent samples t-test and also Mann-Whitney U test was used for nonparametric values. As a result, advance group has significantly greater values for limits of stability, humerus breadth, ape index and IFH (p<0.05). No significant difference was found between groups for the other balance parameters, anthropometric characteristics and climbing performance factors. In consequence, static balance parameters of rock climbers were found to be similar to those of other elite athletes in the literature. On the other hand, dynamic balance could be considered to be a more important parameter than static balance for climbers by the nature of the spor
Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 2021
Context: Mental training is a promising method to improve motor skills. However, transfer of thes... more Context: Mental training is a promising method to improve motor skills. However, transfer of these improvements to different skills or functional activities is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mental balance training programs on motor coordination and skill transfer. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Fifty-seven healthy adults (28 females and 29 males) aged between 18 and 25 years participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to 3 groups: virtual reality (VR) mental training group, conventional mental training group, and control group. The training program included action observation and motor imagery practice with balance exercise videos. The VR mental training group trained with a VR head-mounted display and the conventional mental training group trained with a nonimmersive computer monitor for 30 minutes, 3 days per week, for 4 weeks. Coordination skills were tested with 2 separate custom-made obstacle course...
differences in motor performance tests of 9-10 year-old junior tennis players in Turkey. Five dif... more differences in motor performance tests of 9-10 year-old junior tennis players in Turkey. Five different motor performance tests – 5 m and 10 m sprint tests (s), tennis ball throwing test (m), standing long jump test (m) and modified tennis planned agility test (s)- were applied to 2461 (925 boys and 647 girls aged 9; 495 boys and 394 girls aged 10) competitive tennis players. The mean and standard deviation for each test data were calculated according to the players’ age and gender groups, and then percentile tables were established for them. Independent samples T test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to determine significant mean and percentage change in means differences in the related measures of the groups. Older girls and boys performed significantly better than younger boys and girls, and boys are superior to girls in the tests. Differences were found significantly in age and gender on all of the motor tests; however, age seems to be related more to performance than gender is...
Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 2012
Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relations between the Yo-yo inter ... more Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relations between the Yo-yo inter - mittent endurance and recovery performance tests with aerobic and anaerobic threshold speed, lactate and heart rate recovery speed, and whether these tests could be used as an alternative test to describe the lactate thresholds in professional soccer players. Material and Methods: 17 male soccer players (aged; 21.11±2.08 year, height; 176.76±6.29 cm, body weight; 72.17±6.72 kg, BMI; 23.09±1.56 kg/m 2 ) of a third professional soccer league team participated in this study. The thresholds and recovery tests, included an incremental intermittent running stages to the voluntary fatigue and 15 minutes passive recovery afterwards. During this test, heart rate and blood lactate values obtained from fingertip were determined after each running stage and recovery period. By these measurements aerobic and anaerobic threshold running speeds (at 2 and 4 mM blood lactate concen - tration) were dete...
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas with vasodilator and metabolic regulator properties. The present study... more Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas with vasodilator and metabolic regulator properties. The present study aimed to examine the relation between NO and lactic acid, and NO difference in acute anaerobic and aerobic loads in aerobic and anaerobic exercise groups. Three groups participated in this study; each group consisted of 11 men with similar physical characteristics. The groups consisted of swimmers as the aerobic group (AeG), volleyball players as the anaerobic group (AnG), and control group (CG). Participants were given 3 acute exercise phases in the scope of lactate minimum speed test (LMSt). NO and lactic acid measurements were taken at particular phases in LMSt. Lactate minimum speed values of AeG (11.5±1.1 km·h-1) were significantly higher than those of the CG (p<0.05). Significant decrease (25.6%) was found in the NO levels in AeG after the Wingate test (p<0.05). The difference between NO values after Wingate test and recovery NO (ΔWNO) in AeG was significantly greater than t...
Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2021
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate whether vibration significantly affected the ... more Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate whether vibration significantly affected the efficiency of off-road cyclists. Patients and methods Eight male mountain cyclists (mean age 21.1±1 years; range, 19 to 22 years) between August 2017 and November 2017 were included. The experimental protocol included four testing sessions with a one-day interval between testing sessions: a familiarization session; performance of submaximal tests; performance of maximal graded exercise test; and a 30-min mountain bike trial performed with vibration or without vibration. Physiological measures including volume of oxygen uptake (VO2), volume of 2), VO2, VCO2, heart rate, respiratory exchange ratio, rating of perceived exertion, and gross efficiency (GE) were compared between the trials performed with vibration or without vibration. Results There was a significant increase in the GE with the addition of intermittent vibration, particularly over the last 15 min of the cycling trial (p<0.0...
Purpose. Each sport is characterized by athletes with particular physical and biomotor attributes... more Purpose. Each sport is characterized by athletes with particular physical and biomotor attributes favoring performance in their given sport. This study aimed to identify anthropometric and biomotor variables of Turkish female judokas in national young team and also to find potential relationship between the variables. Methods. Twenty-nine female judokas (age 17.8±0.78 years, body height 163.3±6.25 cm, and body mass 67.6±14.21 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. The anthropometric variables included body mass index, body fat % and the sum of five adipose skinfolds. Somatotype was determined using the Heath-Carter method. The biomotor variables were maximal aerobic power, lower limbs maximal muscle power (30-second Wingate and vertical jump tests), hand grip strength and flexibility of the trunk. Results. Turkish judokas showed meso-endomorphic characteristics and moderate to high body fatness, a low flexibility, a low to moderate aerobic power, a moderate anaerobic power an...
Purpose. Each sport is characterized by athletes with particular physical and biomotor attributes... more Purpose. Each sport is characterized by athletes with particular physical and biomotor attributes favoring performance in their given sport. This study aimed to identify anthropometric and biomotor variables of Turkish female judokas in national young team and also to find potential relationship between the variables. Methods. Twenty-nine female judokas (age 17.8±0.78 years, body height 163.3±6.25 cm, and body mass 67.6±14.21 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. The anthropometric variables included body mass index, body fat % and the sum of five adipose skinfolds. Somatotype was determined using the Heath-Carter method. The biomotor variables were maximal aerobic power, lower limbs maximal muscle power (30-second Wingate and vertical jump tests), hand grip strength and flexibility of the trunk. Results. Turkish judokas showed meso-endomorphic characteristics and moderate to high body fatness, a low flexibility, a low to moderate aerobic power, a moderate anaerobic power an...
Nitrik oksit (NO) vazodilatör, antioksidan özelliklere sahip ayrıca kan glikoz (GL) ve laktat (LA... more Nitrik oksit (NO) vazodilatör, antioksidan özelliklere sahip ayrıca kan glikoz (GL) ve laktat (LA) metabolizmasında da rolü olan bir gazdır. Tenisteki performans, “groundstroke” dediğimiz forehand/backhand vuruşları, servisin hızları ve isabet başarı yüzdesi ile tenise özgü hareketleri tekrarlı olarak gerçekleştirebilme kapasitesine bağlıdır. Literatürde NO’ nun tenis performansı, LA düzeyleri ve LA eliminasyonu ile ilişkilerini birlikte inceleyen bir çalışmaya rastlanmadı. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada; düzenli olarak antrenman yapan 20-30 yas arası elit erkek tenis oyuncularında (n=20), kortta bir egzersiz modeli geliştirerek; performans yüzdesi, NO, LA ve GL parametreleri arasındaki ilişkilerin araştırılması amaçlandı. Bu modelde; şiddeti top atış hızı ile belirlenen ve gittikçe artarak maksimale kadar süren ve aralıklı 4 periyottan oluşan ve toplam 14 dk. süren bir forehand/backhand vurusu gerçekleştirilmiş olup isabet yüzdesi de performans olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu maksimal egzersiz periyodundan hemen sonra da 20 dk.’lık pasif toparlanma periyodu başlatılmıştır. Her bir periyot ve toparlanma sonrasında alınan parmak ucu kanlarından belirlenen parametreler ile performans arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Sporcuların fiziksel ve fizyolojik (Anaerobik esik) ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Verilerin analizlerinde SPSS 12.0 istatistik programı kullanılmıştır ve anlamlılık değerleri p<0.05 olarak belirlenmiştir. Her bir periyot sonunda: Kan NO, LA, GL ve KAH parametreleri lineer bir artış gösterirken performans yüzdesi ise bunların tersine bir düşüş gösterdi. Yine her bir periyot sonrasındaki performans, kan NO (3.periyot hariç), LA ve GL değerleri, KAH ve LA eliminasyonu ve anaerobik esik değerleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmadı. Sadece 3. periyotta, performans ve kan NO değeri arasında (r = 0.494; p<0.05) ve toparlanma periyodu esnasındaki NO ve glikozun düşme hızları (oranları) arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulundu. Sonuç olarak: Bu çalışmada egzersizin kan NO düzeyleri artırıcı yönde olumlu bir etkisi görüldü. Toparlanma esnasındaki NO ve GL metabolizmalarının birbiriyle ilişkili olması dikkat çekicidir. Elit tenis sporcularında 3. periyottakine benzer submaksimal bir antrenman modeli performans açısından daha yararlı olabilir. Ayrıca bu egzersizle NO’ da görülen artış sağlık açısından da önem taşımaktadır
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
The purpose of this study was to analyse in detail body weight squat (BWS)’ fatigue effect on the... more The purpose of this study was to analyse in detail body weight squat (BWS)’ fatigue effect on the range of motions (ROM) of the hip, knee, ankle and ground reaction forces (GRF). Twenty male recreational athletes (24.0 ± 3.1 years, 178.85 ± 7.12 cm and 78.7 ± 11.45 kg) participated in this study. BWS were performed on four load cell platforms until the participants failed to continue. Participants performed 73 ± 27 repetitions and the duration to complete of the repetitions was 140.72 ± 62.28 s during the BWS exercise. The forefoot and hindfoot of the feet were on two load cells, thus, there were two under each foot. All of the data collected was divided into three sections for analysis (24 ± 9 repetitions for each). In terms of GRF of the fore feet and hind feet, significant differences and medium to large effect size were found between each section (p = 0.006~0.040, ES = 0.693~0.492). No significant differences were found between right and left leg in all sections. Significant dif...
Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 2012
The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of ribose supplementation on interval anaer... more The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of ribose supplementation on interval anaerobic performance and fatiguing substance concentrations. The study cohort consisted of physically active, young male volunteers (n = 15). With a double-blind cross over study design, each participant completed two all-out anaerobic exercise sessions, one week apart, one by supplementing maltodextrine and the other by supplementing ribose (150 mg/kg in each test). Two repetitions of 30-s maximal performance with a 4-min interval were completed. Blood samples were taken at rest and five minutes after the second sprint repetition. Neither the biochemical parameters: pH (−0.32± 0.09 vs.−0.26± 0.11), lactate (La) (13.8± 1.9 vs. 13.3± 2.7 mM, ammonia (423 ± 190 vs. 404 ± 166 μmol/L), inorganic phosphate (Pi) (0.68 ± 0.53 vs. 0.72 ± 0.63 mM) nor the anaerobic output (746.2 ± 82.5 vs. 760.2 ± 86.8 watts) were affected by placebo and ribose supplementations significantly (p > 0.05). In conclusion, based on this protocol, anaerobic performance and/or biochemical status are not affected by ribose supplementation.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity, 2019
Background: The purpose of the present study was to describe factor structures to evaluate swimme... more Background: The purpose of the present study was to describe factor structures to evaluate swimmers' endurance. The second aim was to determine 5000m pool velocity (5000 Vp) and 5000m open water swimming velocity (5000 Vow). Material and methods: The study sample comprised 14 swimmers who were candidates for the Turkish Open Water National Team (age: 13.78 ±1.21 years; height: 168.06 ±6.67 m; body mass: 59.06 ±7.99 kg). Anaerobic threshold, critical swimming speed, and 5000m swimming tests were measured in a pool setting, and 5000m open water swimming test was measured in sea conditions. Results: Results of the factor analysis show that the effect of 4 cardiorespiratory endurance factors, classified as velocity and heart rate (HR), HR and lactate, exercise HR and exercise lactate, were explained at 89.16% in relation to 5000m open water swimming performance, and the first factor had the greatest factor weight and formed 48% of the total variance. Regression coefficients for 5000 Vp and 5000 Vow were found to be R 2 = 0.94 and R 2 = 0.79, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest the equations of prediction specified in the present study may provide trainers with more appropriate tools to evaluate performance in juvenile swimmers.
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2016
Warm-up is believed to be one of the most important factors in achieving an optimal performance i... more Warm-up is believed to be one of the most important factors in achieving an optimal performance in all sports. Its purpose is to promote physical capacities such as strength, endurance, flexibility, and to prepare the body for physical activity, increasing the body temperature, the speed of the neuromuscular responses and is also found to prevent tendon and ligament injuries. A specific warm-up to jump and sprinting in team sports may require a large use of energy and can be potentially harmful when it is too long or is
Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 2017
Open water swimming (OWS) is an endurance sport. Nitric oxide (NO) is a vasodilator gas, therefor... more Open water swimming (OWS) is an endurance sport. Nitric oxide (NO) is a vasodilator gas, therefore it is related to endurance. Physiological stress levels of OWS on children are unknown. The purposes of this study were to investigate the physiological responses to 5000 m OWS and its relation with serum NOx (nitrite plus nitrate) levels in children. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et th ho od ds s: : Trained OWS athletes (9 males and 5 females; age=13.8±1.12 years) participated in the study. Serum NOx, oxidative stress index (OSI): total antioxidant status (TAS)/total oxidant stress status (TOS) ratio, muscle damage markers (MDM): serum creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, leucocyte counts and serum glucose (GLU) levels were determined before and after the OWS. Lactate (La), whole blood glucose (WGLU) analyses were done from the fingertip blood samples and heart rate (HR) was measured after every 1000 m. R Re es su ul lt ts s: : After 5000 m OWS, HR and La levels were recorded as 166 beat/min and 2.95 mM. The results indicated that MDM significantly increased (p<0.01), and OSI significantly decreased however there were no significantly changes in TAS, NOx and serum glucose (GLU) values. Basal NOx levels was only related to CK (r=-0.529, p=0.052), but not other parameters. C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : 5000 m OWS exercise induced a moderate physiological stress without any oxidative stress, hypoglycemia and health risk for the investigated parameters risk. Although this exercise did not increase blood NOx levels, the negative relationship between basal NOx and CK parameters may show the anti-inflammatory role of NO during OWS exercises in the children. K Ke ey yw wo or rd ds s: : Swimming; nitric oxide; oxidative stress; stres, physiological Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Açık su yüzme (ASY) bir dayanıklılık sporudur. Nitrik Oksit (NO) damar genişletici özelliği nedeniyle, dayanıklılıkla ilişkili bir gazdır. ASY'nin çocuklar üzerindeki fizyolojik etkileri bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; çocukların 5000 m ASY egzersizine verdikleri fizyolojik cevapları ve bu cevapların serum NOx (Nitrit + nitrat) düzeyleri ile ilişkisini araştırmaktır. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : Çalışmaya aktif ASY sporcuları (9 erkek, 5 kız; yaş=13,8±1,12 yıl) dâhil edilmiştir. Yüzmeden önce ve sonra serum NOx, oksidatif stres indeksi (OSI): toplam antioksidant statüsü (TAS)/toplam oksidatif stres statüsü (TOS), kas hasarı göstergeleri (KHG): serum kreatinkinaz (KK), aspartat aminotransferaz (AAT) aktiviteleri ve lökosit) ölçümü yapılmıştır. Her 1000 m yüzmenin ardından kalp atımı, el parmak ucu kanından laktat ve tam kan glukoz (WGLU) seviyesi ölçülmüştür. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : 5000 m ASY sonunda ortalama kalp atımı (HR); 166 atım/dk, laktat düzeyi; 2,95 mM olarak bulunmuştur. KHG'nin yükseldiği (p<0,01), TAS, NOx ve serum glikoz (GLU) değerlerinin anlamlı olarak değişmediği fakat OSI'nin düştüğü (p<0,01) tespit edilmiştir. Bazal NOx ve KK aktivitesi arasında korelasyon bulunmuştur (r=-0,529, p=0,052). S So on nu uç ç: : 5000 m ASY egzersizi çocuklarda, orta seviyede bir fizyolojik strese neden olmuştur, fakat oksidatif stres, hipoglisemi ve araştırılan parametreler için herhangi bir sağlık riski yaratmamıştır. ASY her ne kadar NOx'da bir artış yaratmamış olsa da, NOx ve KK arasındaki ilişki NO'nun ASY esnasında anti-inflamatuar bir rolü olabileceğini gösterir.
Turkiye Klinikleri Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2012
Teniste başarı, iyi bir teknik, beceri, fiziksel hazırlık ve bu yetileri koruma, doğru psikolojik... more Teniste başarı, iyi bir teknik, beceri, fiziksel hazırlık ve bu yetileri koruma, doğru psikolojik yaklaşım ve iyi bir kort taktiğine bağlıdır. Günümüz modern tenisinde başarı yüksek teknik ve beceri gerektirir.
Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 2015
Performance in tennis involves various physical, technical/tactical and psychological factors tog... more Performance in tennis involves various physical, technical/tactical and psychological factors together with a combination of abilities of agility, speed and power. On the other hand today serves have been a most important factor in winning a match. This study examined the effects of 6-week specific exercises program on serve performance and anthropometric characteristics in tennis players. Twenty competitive healthy tennis players were randomly divided into control and training groups. While the training group (n=10, 22.8±1.6 years) performed combined routine tennis training and 3 sessions (each session 45-60 min) including medicine ball, resistance and balance exercises, the control group (n=10, 18±0.0 years) only performed routine tenn is training on court. Serve velocity, body height and weight, body fat ratios were assessed initially and at the end of the six week exercise program. As a result, tennis specific exercise training performed together with the 6-week tennis exercises program provided further improvement in the serve velocity of tennis players than those in the control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, specific exercises are recommended to be performed in order to increase service speed.