Tommaso Coppola - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Tommaso Coppola
Journal of Marine Science and Application, Sep 1, 2021
The work is a case study of a cruise ship supplied by liquefied natural gas (LNG) and equipped wi... more The work is a case study of a cruise ship supplied by liquefied natural gas (LNG) and equipped with a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). It is supposed that a 20 MW SOFC plant is installed on-board to supply hotel loads and assisting three dual-fuel (DF) diesel/LNG generator sets. LNG consumption and emissions are estimated both for the SOFC plant and DF generator sets. It results that the use of LNG-SOFC plant in comparison to DF generator sets allows to limit significantly the SO x , CO, NO x , PM emissions and to reduce the emission of CO 2 by about 11%. A prediction of the weight and volume of the SOFC plant is conducted and a preliminary modification of the general arrangement of the cruise ship is suggested, according to the latest international rules. It results that the SOFC plant is heavier and occupies more volume on board than a DF gen-set; nevertheless, these features do not affect the floating and the stability of the cruise ship. Keywords Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) • Cruise ship • Greenhouse gas emissions • CO 2 emissions • Liquefied natural gas (LNG) • Dual-fuel engines
IOS Press, 2018
Noise emissions from various transportation modes became in recent years a major concern for envi... more Noise emissions from various transportation modes became in recent years a major concern for environmental and governmental agencies due to their impact on the community. As a result, experimental campaigns and studies have been directed towards the analysis and control of the main noise sources. Only a few analyses, however, have regarded noise exposure due to port activities. In this paper, the focus is on airborne noise emissions from a ferry ship. At first, the main onboard noise sources were identified in terms of their nature and location. Secondly, sources data on the main sources were derived, based on onboard measurements of the ferry berthed in the port of Naples. A geometrical 3D model was created, including all bodies present in the acoustic field of the surrounding area. Finally, by post processing, the consistency between actual acoustic field and numerical model results was checked.
Journal of maritime research: JMR, 2012
1 University of Naples, Via Claudio, 21. 80125 Naples, Italy. * Corresponding Author. 2 Researche... more 1 University of Naples, Via Claudio, 21. 80125 Naples, Italy. * Corresponding Author. 2 Researcher, Email: quaranta@unina.it. Tel. +390817683315, Fax. +390812390380. 3 Professor, Email: maurizio.fantauzzi@unina.it. Tl. +390817683503, Fax. +390812396897. 4 Professor, Email: tommaso.coppola@unina.it. Tl. +390817683310, Fax. +390812390380. 5 Full Professor, Email: luigi.battistelli@unina.it. Tl. +390817683212, Fax. +390812396897. journal of maritime research ISSN: 1697-4840 www.jmr.unican.es Vol. IX. No. 3 (2012), pp. 81 86 12 JMR diciembre 2012 20/01/2014 13:30 Pagina 81
The rising concern for environmental pollution effects calls for investigations into the impact o... more The rising concern for environmental pollution effects calls for investigations into the impact of industrial and commercial activities on citizens living and working in the proximity of water cities where ports and ships with their dimensions are a matter of particular concern. In fact, the operation of ships in large ports generates a significant impact on air quality and noise levels of surrounding areas. Focusing on acoustic issues, the present paper reports a model based on the Ray Tracing technique built and calibrated in order to obtain a tool capable of predicting the acoustic field generated by the operations of the ships. The final aim is to obtain a tool able to investigate continuously the acoustic impact of ships operation in any point around the harbor and the effect of possible countermeasures against noise generation and/or propagation in the area. significance may vary depending on the type of traffic in the port. Ships are the most significant noise source in ports...
The environmental problem in land activity created a big alarm especially close to very inhabited... more The environmental problem in land activity created a big alarm especially close to very inhabited zones; in the marine field, after a very long period of stand by, the problem is felt mainly in the big water cities where, close to the harbours, a heavy microclimate expose people who live nearby to risks of serious damages for their health. As well known, one of the main causes of air pollution in the harbours is the contemporaneous presence of many ships producing large amounts of noxious substances and the shore-side power supply of these ships is doubtless the better solution. Shore connection (also called “cold ironing ”) means to supply ships at berth in feeding points close to the mooring sites so that the diesel electric generators can be switched off and no exhausts are delivered during ship stay. A real standard solution for cold ironing is not available yet; actually, the kind of installation depends on the specific environmental and commercial vocation of the port as well...
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2018
A growing attention has been recently devoted to the impact of the underwater noise field generat... more A growing attention has been recently devoted to the impact of the underwater noise field generated by shipping activities on the marine fauna. While in international treaties and conventions this problem is now well treated, from a technical point of view the quantification of the impact of underwater noise emissions from the ship is not yet consolidated. The program created allows the user to identify the sound rays generated by source and, between these, to find the beam nearest a receiver calculating the Trasmission Loss (TL). The user enters as input data the source position, the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) of the source, the depth of the backdrop, sound velocity profile, thickness of the layers in which the water column is divided, salinity, temperature and pH of sea water and the frequency of emission of the source to characterize the propagation environment. Through the Ray Tracing Theory, a technique of optical geometry that is based on the calculation of the path made by light the rays are shown on the screen. Then the rays closest to the receiver are identified and the program calculates the sound loss, divided into Geometrical Loss (due to distance between the source and the receiver), Dissipation Loss (due to the characteristics of the propagation environment) and Reflection Loss (due to the surfaces that delimit the field).In output the program will show the propagation field of the Sound Pressure Level through which in the future it will be possible to identify the emission limits to protect the marine fauna.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016
The paper presents a proposal of an innovative sustainable power supply solution for seaports wit... more The paper presents a proposal of an innovative sustainable power supply solution for seaports with the related design and control. This solution differs from the classical solution for the presence of a smart electrical interface composed by two basic components: the first one, a rotating converter-instead of the widely used static converter-that ensures higher and therefore much more detectable short-circuit currents; the second, an advanced static var compensator specifically designed for enhancing power quality issues and hence favoring the seaport connection to the main grid for cold ironing applications. The designed control strategy for the tailored power supply solution is proven successful and effective by the numerical applications reported in the last part of the paper.
2016 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT), 2016
The development of maritime transportation has increased the territorial role and the socio-econo... more The development of maritime transportation has increased the territorial role and the socio-economic relevance of harbors. But, at the same time, it has worsened the environmental impact of the maritime operations on ports and surrounding - often highly inhabited - areas, particularly in the Mediterranean. Since ships at berth need a certain amount of electric energy for hull and hotel services, they must keep their auxiliary engines switched on, inevitably generating exhaust emissions and noise. As a consequence, ports become an important and growing source of pollution and can create relevant risks for the health of the communities living nearby. From the economic point of view, it has been assessed that the costs involved in the shore-side power program can vary widely among ports. In this paper a complete cost benefit analysis will be carried out by keeping into account all costs related to the systems capable of supplying electric energy to ships using systems external to it. I...
It is well known that there is a lack of published systematic data and techniques suitable for th... more It is well known that there is a lack of published systematic data and techniques suitable for the conceptual and preliminary design of high-speed ferries. On the contrary, the interest and the applications of high-speed vessels are increased, and so the development of available design process data and properly techniques for their designs are strongly required. However, in most cases, the designs of high-speed ferries are carried out in an ad-hoc manner. This gives no clear trends from the analysis of the data, especially when speed, expressed as Froude number Fn, is considered as an independent parameter/variable. As a result, regressions and formulae, as well as algorithms and methodologies, are not “completely reliable” in the published literature. In fact it is a common experience that mass estimation and main dimensions for the initial development of feasible monohull and catamaran high-speed ferry designs, have been very different (up to 50%) from their final values, obtained...
Journal of Marine Science and Application, 2021
The work is a case study of a cruise ship supplied by liquefied natural gas (LNG) and equipped wi... more The work is a case study of a cruise ship supplied by liquefied natural gas (LNG) and equipped with a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). It is supposed that a 20 MW SOFC plant is installed on-board to supply hotel loads and assisting three dual-fuel (DF) diesel/LNG generator sets. LNG consumption and emissions are estimated both for the SOFC plant and DF generator sets. It results that the use of LNG-SOFC plant in comparison to DF generator sets allows to limit significantly the SOx, CO, NOx, PM emissions and to reduce the emission of CO2 by about 11%. A prediction of the weight and volume of the SOFC plant is conducted and a preliminary modification of the general arrangement of the cruise ship is suggested, according to the latest international rules. It results that the SOFC plant is heavier and occupies more volume on board than a DF gen-set; nevertheless, these features do not affect the floating and the stability of the cruise ship.
Fluids, 2021
An increasing attention has recently been paid to the effect of the underwater noise field genera... more An increasing attention has recently been paid to the effect of the underwater noise field generated by ship activities on the marine environment. Although this problem is widely discussed in international treaties and conventions, it has not yet found a consolidated technical-scientific treatment capable of quantifying the level of underwater noise emissions produced by naval systems. As part of a national research collaboration, a novel code has been developed to predict noise propagation according to the Ray Tracing approach. Such optical geometry-based technique allows for calculating the Transmission Loss (TL) trend in its respective contributions: geometrical loss (due to the distance between the source and receiver), dissipation loss (due to the characteristics of the propagation environment), and reflection loss (due to the surfaces that delimit the field). The simulation requires as input parameters the source info as spatial position, frequency, and sound pressure level (S...
Nav 2012 17th International Conference on Ships and Shipping Research, Dec 9, 2012
Recent events underlined the importance of an accurate intact and damage stability analysis for a... more Recent events underlined the importance of an accurate intact and damage stability analysis for a ship. It’s well known that reliable information should be given to the ship Master in order to assess the ship stability for different loading and service conditions, with smart and easy tools. Such information should include the curve of the minimum metacentric height GM (or the maximum height of the center of gravity KG) as function of draft and trim, regarding the stability requirements for the specific type of ship. One of the goals of this work is to provide a toolbox for a direct calculation of the maximum allowable KG in damage condition that meet all the stability criteria required by the reference rules. At first the method of the maximum allowable KG for the intact stability, based on the cross curves, will be introduced and subsequently it will be extended to the damage stability problem. That analysis will be carried out and developed initially by an analytical approach; the expressions of the maximum allowable KG based on the damage stability criteria for several types of ship, will be presented using the cross curves of stability of the intact hull and computing the damage by the “added weight method”. Some possible applications of the method will be shown for passenger ships regarding the required damage stability criteria. Finally a maximum allowable KG calculation will be performed on a Ro-Ro passenger ship in order to analyze the effects of the center of gravity height with respect to a standard ship subdivision.
2020 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM), 2020
The paper aims to make the state of the art on the applications of Fuel Cells (FCs) in maritime a... more The paper aims to make the state of the art on the applications of Fuel Cells (FCs) in maritime applications. It synthetically describes the Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells technologies highlighting critical issues and advantages dealing with the maritime sectors. Several projects have been described in literature, the main focus are the assessments of potential for FC use, rules development, feasibility studies and concept design for testing FCs in various vessels. Low temperature FCs, in particular PEMFC fuelled by H2, are suitable for small and medium applications, high temperature FCs (HTFCs) for larger ones. The main conclusions are that no fundamental obstacles for the integration of FC-systems into commercial ships exist as well as no fundamental obstacles with respect to safety.
Journal of Marine Science and Application, Sep 1, 2021
The work is a case study of a cruise ship supplied by liquefied natural gas (LNG) and equipped wi... more The work is a case study of a cruise ship supplied by liquefied natural gas (LNG) and equipped with a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). It is supposed that a 20 MW SOFC plant is installed on-board to supply hotel loads and assisting three dual-fuel (DF) diesel/LNG generator sets. LNG consumption and emissions are estimated both for the SOFC plant and DF generator sets. It results that the use of LNG-SOFC plant in comparison to DF generator sets allows to limit significantly the SO x , CO, NO x , PM emissions and to reduce the emission of CO 2 by about 11%. A prediction of the weight and volume of the SOFC plant is conducted and a preliminary modification of the general arrangement of the cruise ship is suggested, according to the latest international rules. It results that the SOFC plant is heavier and occupies more volume on board than a DF gen-set; nevertheless, these features do not affect the floating and the stability of the cruise ship. Keywords Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) • Cruise ship • Greenhouse gas emissions • CO 2 emissions • Liquefied natural gas (LNG) • Dual-fuel engines
IOS Press, 2018
Noise emissions from various transportation modes became in recent years a major concern for envi... more Noise emissions from various transportation modes became in recent years a major concern for environmental and governmental agencies due to their impact on the community. As a result, experimental campaigns and studies have been directed towards the analysis and control of the main noise sources. Only a few analyses, however, have regarded noise exposure due to port activities. In this paper, the focus is on airborne noise emissions from a ferry ship. At first, the main onboard noise sources were identified in terms of their nature and location. Secondly, sources data on the main sources were derived, based on onboard measurements of the ferry berthed in the port of Naples. A geometrical 3D model was created, including all bodies present in the acoustic field of the surrounding area. Finally, by post processing, the consistency between actual acoustic field and numerical model results was checked.
Journal of maritime research: JMR, 2012
1 University of Naples, Via Claudio, 21. 80125 Naples, Italy. * Corresponding Author. 2 Researche... more 1 University of Naples, Via Claudio, 21. 80125 Naples, Italy. * Corresponding Author. 2 Researcher, Email: quaranta@unina.it. Tel. +390817683315, Fax. +390812390380. 3 Professor, Email: maurizio.fantauzzi@unina.it. Tl. +390817683503, Fax. +390812396897. 4 Professor, Email: tommaso.coppola@unina.it. Tl. +390817683310, Fax. +390812390380. 5 Full Professor, Email: luigi.battistelli@unina.it. Tl. +390817683212, Fax. +390812396897. journal of maritime research ISSN: 1697-4840 www.jmr.unican.es Vol. IX. No. 3 (2012), pp. 81 86 12 JMR diciembre 2012 20/01/2014 13:30 Pagina 81
The rising concern for environmental pollution effects calls for investigations into the impact o... more The rising concern for environmental pollution effects calls for investigations into the impact of industrial and commercial activities on citizens living and working in the proximity of water cities where ports and ships with their dimensions are a matter of particular concern. In fact, the operation of ships in large ports generates a significant impact on air quality and noise levels of surrounding areas. Focusing on acoustic issues, the present paper reports a model based on the Ray Tracing technique built and calibrated in order to obtain a tool capable of predicting the acoustic field generated by the operations of the ships. The final aim is to obtain a tool able to investigate continuously the acoustic impact of ships operation in any point around the harbor and the effect of possible countermeasures against noise generation and/or propagation in the area. significance may vary depending on the type of traffic in the port. Ships are the most significant noise source in ports...
The environmental problem in land activity created a big alarm especially close to very inhabited... more The environmental problem in land activity created a big alarm especially close to very inhabited zones; in the marine field, after a very long period of stand by, the problem is felt mainly in the big water cities where, close to the harbours, a heavy microclimate expose people who live nearby to risks of serious damages for their health. As well known, one of the main causes of air pollution in the harbours is the contemporaneous presence of many ships producing large amounts of noxious substances and the shore-side power supply of these ships is doubtless the better solution. Shore connection (also called “cold ironing ”) means to supply ships at berth in feeding points close to the mooring sites so that the diesel electric generators can be switched off and no exhausts are delivered during ship stay. A real standard solution for cold ironing is not available yet; actually, the kind of installation depends on the specific environmental and commercial vocation of the port as well...
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2018
A growing attention has been recently devoted to the impact of the underwater noise field generat... more A growing attention has been recently devoted to the impact of the underwater noise field generated by shipping activities on the marine fauna. While in international treaties and conventions this problem is now well treated, from a technical point of view the quantification of the impact of underwater noise emissions from the ship is not yet consolidated. The program created allows the user to identify the sound rays generated by source and, between these, to find the beam nearest a receiver calculating the Trasmission Loss (TL). The user enters as input data the source position, the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) of the source, the depth of the backdrop, sound velocity profile, thickness of the layers in which the water column is divided, salinity, temperature and pH of sea water and the frequency of emission of the source to characterize the propagation environment. Through the Ray Tracing Theory, a technique of optical geometry that is based on the calculation of the path made by light the rays are shown on the screen. Then the rays closest to the receiver are identified and the program calculates the sound loss, divided into Geometrical Loss (due to distance between the source and the receiver), Dissipation Loss (due to the characteristics of the propagation environment) and Reflection Loss (due to the surfaces that delimit the field).In output the program will show the propagation field of the Sound Pressure Level through which in the future it will be possible to identify the emission limits to protect the marine fauna.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016
The paper presents a proposal of an innovative sustainable power supply solution for seaports wit... more The paper presents a proposal of an innovative sustainable power supply solution for seaports with the related design and control. This solution differs from the classical solution for the presence of a smart electrical interface composed by two basic components: the first one, a rotating converter-instead of the widely used static converter-that ensures higher and therefore much more detectable short-circuit currents; the second, an advanced static var compensator specifically designed for enhancing power quality issues and hence favoring the seaport connection to the main grid for cold ironing applications. The designed control strategy for the tailored power supply solution is proven successful and effective by the numerical applications reported in the last part of the paper.
2016 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT), 2016
The development of maritime transportation has increased the territorial role and the socio-econo... more The development of maritime transportation has increased the territorial role and the socio-economic relevance of harbors. But, at the same time, it has worsened the environmental impact of the maritime operations on ports and surrounding - often highly inhabited - areas, particularly in the Mediterranean. Since ships at berth need a certain amount of electric energy for hull and hotel services, they must keep their auxiliary engines switched on, inevitably generating exhaust emissions and noise. As a consequence, ports become an important and growing source of pollution and can create relevant risks for the health of the communities living nearby. From the economic point of view, it has been assessed that the costs involved in the shore-side power program can vary widely among ports. In this paper a complete cost benefit analysis will be carried out by keeping into account all costs related to the systems capable of supplying electric energy to ships using systems external to it. I...
It is well known that there is a lack of published systematic data and techniques suitable for th... more It is well known that there is a lack of published systematic data and techniques suitable for the conceptual and preliminary design of high-speed ferries. On the contrary, the interest and the applications of high-speed vessels are increased, and so the development of available design process data and properly techniques for their designs are strongly required. However, in most cases, the designs of high-speed ferries are carried out in an ad-hoc manner. This gives no clear trends from the analysis of the data, especially when speed, expressed as Froude number Fn, is considered as an independent parameter/variable. As a result, regressions and formulae, as well as algorithms and methodologies, are not “completely reliable” in the published literature. In fact it is a common experience that mass estimation and main dimensions for the initial development of feasible monohull and catamaran high-speed ferry designs, have been very different (up to 50%) from their final values, obtained...
Journal of Marine Science and Application, 2021
The work is a case study of a cruise ship supplied by liquefied natural gas (LNG) and equipped wi... more The work is a case study of a cruise ship supplied by liquefied natural gas (LNG) and equipped with a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). It is supposed that a 20 MW SOFC plant is installed on-board to supply hotel loads and assisting three dual-fuel (DF) diesel/LNG generator sets. LNG consumption and emissions are estimated both for the SOFC plant and DF generator sets. It results that the use of LNG-SOFC plant in comparison to DF generator sets allows to limit significantly the SOx, CO, NOx, PM emissions and to reduce the emission of CO2 by about 11%. A prediction of the weight and volume of the SOFC plant is conducted and a preliminary modification of the general arrangement of the cruise ship is suggested, according to the latest international rules. It results that the SOFC plant is heavier and occupies more volume on board than a DF gen-set; nevertheless, these features do not affect the floating and the stability of the cruise ship.
Fluids, 2021
An increasing attention has recently been paid to the effect of the underwater noise field genera... more An increasing attention has recently been paid to the effect of the underwater noise field generated by ship activities on the marine environment. Although this problem is widely discussed in international treaties and conventions, it has not yet found a consolidated technical-scientific treatment capable of quantifying the level of underwater noise emissions produced by naval systems. As part of a national research collaboration, a novel code has been developed to predict noise propagation according to the Ray Tracing approach. Such optical geometry-based technique allows for calculating the Transmission Loss (TL) trend in its respective contributions: geometrical loss (due to the distance between the source and receiver), dissipation loss (due to the characteristics of the propagation environment), and reflection loss (due to the surfaces that delimit the field). The simulation requires as input parameters the source info as spatial position, frequency, and sound pressure level (S...
Nav 2012 17th International Conference on Ships and Shipping Research, Dec 9, 2012
Recent events underlined the importance of an accurate intact and damage stability analysis for a... more Recent events underlined the importance of an accurate intact and damage stability analysis for a ship. It’s well known that reliable information should be given to the ship Master in order to assess the ship stability for different loading and service conditions, with smart and easy tools. Such information should include the curve of the minimum metacentric height GM (or the maximum height of the center of gravity KG) as function of draft and trim, regarding the stability requirements for the specific type of ship. One of the goals of this work is to provide a toolbox for a direct calculation of the maximum allowable KG in damage condition that meet all the stability criteria required by the reference rules. At first the method of the maximum allowable KG for the intact stability, based on the cross curves, will be introduced and subsequently it will be extended to the damage stability problem. That analysis will be carried out and developed initially by an analytical approach; the expressions of the maximum allowable KG based on the damage stability criteria for several types of ship, will be presented using the cross curves of stability of the intact hull and computing the damage by the “added weight method”. Some possible applications of the method will be shown for passenger ships regarding the required damage stability criteria. Finally a maximum allowable KG calculation will be performed on a Ro-Ro passenger ship in order to analyze the effects of the center of gravity height with respect to a standard ship subdivision.
2020 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM), 2020
The paper aims to make the state of the art on the applications of Fuel Cells (FCs) in maritime a... more The paper aims to make the state of the art on the applications of Fuel Cells (FCs) in maritime applications. It synthetically describes the Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells technologies highlighting critical issues and advantages dealing with the maritime sectors. Several projects have been described in literature, the main focus are the assessments of potential for FC use, rules development, feasibility studies and concept design for testing FCs in various vessels. Low temperature FCs, in particular PEMFC fuelled by H2, are suitable for small and medium applications, high temperature FCs (HTFCs) for larger ones. The main conclusions are that no fundamental obstacles for the integration of FC-systems into commercial ships exist as well as no fundamental obstacles with respect to safety.