Darryl Tong - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Darryl Tong

Research paper thumbnail of The management of maxillofacial trauma during the Korean War - a coming of age of a specialty

Journal of Military and Veterans' Health, 2011

Background: The Korean War remains “the forgotten war” despite being the proving ground for such ... more Background: The Korean War remains “the forgotten war” despite being the proving ground for such innovations as helicopter casualty evacuation and the Mobile Army Surgical Hospital (MASH), both of which would see much development and action in the Vietnam War. The Korean War was also a turning point in the recognition of dentally qualified face and jaw surgeons who were to become “oral surgeons”. A fine reputation for military surgery was thus established during the Korean War and its importance continues on today. Conflict of interest The authors declare no conflict of interest and have not received any material or monetary gain in the preparation of this article.

Research paper thumbnail of The Role of Dentists in a Mass Casualty Situation - a New Zealand Perspective

Background: Mass casualty situations can arise unexpectedly anywhere, anytime, as evidenced by re... more Background: Mass casualty situations can arise unexpectedly anywhere, anytime, as evidenced by recent natural disasters and terrorist activity around the globe. Although traditional emergency medical services centre around medically trained and paramedic personnel, dental practitioners have many skills and attributes that are of vital importance in responding to a mass casualty situation. Purpose: This article highlights areas of which general dental practitioners should be aware and hopes to encourage further training and professional development to up-skill in the event of a natural disaster or terrorist event in New Zealand or Australia. In doing so, general dental practitioners may take a greater role in a multidisciplinary team in a mass casualty situation. Materials and Methods: Web-based on-line search engines (PubMed, Medline, and Google), the Cochrane Collaboration Library and hand-searches of major journals and texts were performed. For web-based on-line searches the follo...

Research paper thumbnail of Case series: 3 case reports of wooden periorbital foreign bodies at a single centre tertiary hospital

Advances in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Research paper thumbnail of Third Molar Surgery Outcomes: A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Submucosal and Intravenous Dexamethasone

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Research paper thumbnail of Potential of Lyophilized Platelet Concentrates for Craniofacial Tissue Regenerative Therapies

Molecules

Objective: The use of platelet concentrates (PCs) in oral and maxillofacial surgery, periodontolo... more Objective: The use of platelet concentrates (PCs) in oral and maxillofacial surgery, periodontology, and craniofacial surgery has been reported. While PCs provide a rich reservoir of autologous bioactive growth factors for tissue regeneration, their drawbacks include lack of utility for long-term application, low elastic modulus and strength, and limited storage capability. These issues restrict their broader application. This review focuses on the lyophilization of PCs (LPCs) and how this processing approach affects their biological and mechanical properties for application as a bioactive scaffold for craniofacial tissue regeneration. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search of five electronic databases, including Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus, was conducted from 1946 until 2019 using a combination of search terms relating to this topic. Results: Ten manuscripts were identified as being relevant. The use of LPCs was mostly studied in in vitro and in vivo ...

Research paper thumbnail of BRAF mutations in ameloblastoma: correlation with clinical and histopathological features

British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Research paper thumbnail of A biomechanical comparison between human calvarial bone and a skull simulant considering the role of attached periosteum and dura mater

International Journal of Legal Medicine

Research paper thumbnail of An Investigation on the Correlation between the Mechanical Properties of Human Skull Bone, Its Geometry, Microarchitectural Properties, and Water Content

Journal of Healthcare Engineering

With increasingly detailed imaging and mechanical analysis, modalities need arises to update meth... more With increasingly detailed imaging and mechanical analysis, modalities need arises to update methodology and assessment criteria for skull bone analysis to understand how bone microarchitecture and the presence of attached tissues may affect the response to mechanical load. The main aim was to analyze the effect of macroscopic and microstructural features, as well as periosteal attachment, on the mechanical properties of human skull bone. Fifty-six skull specimens from ethanol-phenoxyethanol-embalmed cadavers were prepared from two human cadavers. Assuming symmetry of the skull, all samples from one-half each were stripped of periosteum and dura mater, while the soft tissues were kept intact on the remaining samples on the contralateral side. The specimens were analyzed using microcomputed tomography to assess trabecular connectivity density, total surface area, and volume ratio. The specimens were loaded under three-point bend tests until fracture with optical co-registration. The ...

Research paper thumbnail of Mechanical properties of the human scalp in tension

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

Research paper thumbnail of Anatomical head model to measure impact force transfer through the head layers and their displacement

Journal of Concussion

When the human head is subjected to blunt force impact, there are several mechanical responses th... more When the human head is subjected to blunt force impact, there are several mechanical responses that may result from the forces involved, including absorption of impact forces through the various layers of the head. The purpose of this study was to develop an anatomical head model to measure force transfer through the various head layers and their displacement when subject to short-duration high-velocity impacts. An anatomical head model was constructed using previously validated simulant materials: epoxy resin (skull), polyvinyl siloxane (scalp), agar/glycerol/water (brain) and modified intravenous fluid for the cerebrospinal fluid. An array of accelerometers (4 mm × 4 mm × 1.45 mm) was incorporated into the various layers of the head to measure forces in x- (anterior/posterior), y- (left/right) and z- (up/down) axis. All sensors were connected to a signal conditioning board and USB powered data loggers. The head model was placed into a rigid metal stand with an optical sensor to tr...

Research paper thumbnail of Elastic behavior of brain simulants in comparison to porcine brain at different loading velocities

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

Research paper thumbnail of Surgical management in dentistry: the interdisciplinary relationship between periodontology and oral and maxillofacial surgery

Research paper thumbnail of Damage control surgery and combat-related maxillofacial and cervical injuries: a systematic review

British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Research paper thumbnail of Efficacy of Codeine When Added to Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) and Ibuprofen for Relief of Postoperative Pain After Surgical Removal of Impacted Third Molars: A Double-Blinded Randomized Control Trial

Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, Jan 15, 2017

The use of opioids in combination with nonopioids is common practice for acute pain management af... more The use of opioids in combination with nonopioids is common practice for acute pain management after third molar surgery. One such combination is paracetamol, ibuprofen, and codeine. The authors assessed the efficacy of codeine when added to a regimen of paracetamol and ibuprofen for pain relief after third molar surgery. This study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial conducted in patients undergoing the surgical removal of at least 1 impacted mandibular third molar requiring bone removal. Participants were randomly allocated to a control group (paracetamol 1,000 mg and ibuprofen 400 mg) or an intervention group (paracetamol 1,000 mg, ibuprofen 400 mg, and codeine 60 mg). All participants were treated under intravenous sedation and using identical surgical conditions and technique. Postoperative pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) every 3 hours (while awake) for the first 48 hours after surgery. Pain was globally assessed using a questionnair...

Research paper thumbnail of Investigation of the elastic modulus, tensile and flexural strength of five skull simulant materials for impact testing of a forensic skin/skull/brain model

Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials, 2017

Conducting in vitro research for forensic, impact and injury simulation modelling generally invol... more Conducting in vitro research for forensic, impact and injury simulation modelling generally involves the use of a skull simulant with mechanical properties similar to those found in the human skull. For this study epoxy resin, fibre filled epoxy resin, 3D-printing filaments (PETG, PLA) and self-cure acrylic denture base resin were used to fabricate the specimens (n=20 per material group), according to ISO 527-2 IBB and ISO20795-1. Tensile and flexural testing in a universal testing machine was used to measure their tensile/flexural elastic modulus and strength. The results showed that the epoxy resin and fibre filled epoxy resin had similar tensile elastic moduli (no statistical significant difference) with lower values observed for the other materials. The fibre filled epoxy resin had a considerably higher flexural elastic modulus and strength, possibly attributed to the presence of fibres. Of the simulants tested, epoxy resin had an elastic modulus and flexural strength close to t...

Research paper thumbnail of Use of agar/glycerol and agar/glycerol/water as a translucent brain simulant for ballistic testing

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2017

The suitability of agar/glycerol/water and agar/glycerol mixtures as brain simulants was investig... more The suitability of agar/glycerol/water and agar/glycerol mixtures as brain simulants was investigated. Test specimens (n=15) (50x27×37mm) were fabricated for these different mixtures and conditioned to 12°C, 22°C, and 26°C prior to testing. For comparison, fresh deer brain specimens (n=20) were sourced and prepared to the same dimensions as the agar/glycerol(/water) mixtures and conditioned to 12°C and 37°C. High impact tests were carried out with a 0.22-caliber air rifle pellet and a high-speed camera was used to record the projectile as it passed through the specimens, allowing for energy loss and vertical displacement velocity calculation. Although the agar/glycerol/water mixture presented with similar vertical expansion and contraction of the specimens to the warm and cold deer brains, a two-fold decrease of the vertical expansion and contraction was noticed with the agar/glycerol specimens. Also considerably less extrusion of this mixture out of the exit and entry sides after specimen penetration was observed. Of the simulants tested, agar/glycerol/water was the most suitable brain simulant for ballistic testing and impact studies.

Research paper thumbnail of Recommendations Dentistry: A Review and Practice Antibiotic Prophylaxis in

Research paper thumbnail of Intra-Oral Stabilisation Device

Research paper thumbnail of An Evidence Based and Historical Review of War Surgery of the Face and Jaws

Research paper thumbnail of Health conditions in a cohort of New Zealand Vietnam veterans: hospital admissions between 1988 and 2009

BMJ open, Jan 9, 2015

To inform the provision of support to veterans by analysing hospital discharge data, thereby iden... more To inform the provision of support to veterans by analysing hospital discharge data, thereby identifying which conditions show an excess risk, require specific management strategies and deserve further investigation. Tertiary level care, including all public and private New Zealand hospitals. All New Zealand Vietnam veterans with service between 1964 and 1972. Standardised hospitalisation ratios (SHRs) were calculated based on the number of first observed hospital admissions for a condition, those expected being based on New Zealand national hospitalisation rates. The SHR for all causes of hospitalisation was 1.18, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.21, with modest increases for the major common causes, cardio and cerebrovascular disease. Admission rates for chronic renal failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were highest in the 2006-2009 time period. The highest statistically significant hospitalisation risk was for alcohol-related mental disorder, SHR 1.91, 99% CI 1.39 to 2.43. Chronic ...

Research paper thumbnail of The management of maxillofacial trauma during the Korean War - a coming of age of a specialty

Journal of Military and Veterans' Health, 2011

Background: The Korean War remains “the forgotten war” despite being the proving ground for such ... more Background: The Korean War remains “the forgotten war” despite being the proving ground for such innovations as helicopter casualty evacuation and the Mobile Army Surgical Hospital (MASH), both of which would see much development and action in the Vietnam War. The Korean War was also a turning point in the recognition of dentally qualified face and jaw surgeons who were to become “oral surgeons”. A fine reputation for military surgery was thus established during the Korean War and its importance continues on today. Conflict of interest The authors declare no conflict of interest and have not received any material or monetary gain in the preparation of this article.

Research paper thumbnail of The Role of Dentists in a Mass Casualty Situation - a New Zealand Perspective

Background: Mass casualty situations can arise unexpectedly anywhere, anytime, as evidenced by re... more Background: Mass casualty situations can arise unexpectedly anywhere, anytime, as evidenced by recent natural disasters and terrorist activity around the globe. Although traditional emergency medical services centre around medically trained and paramedic personnel, dental practitioners have many skills and attributes that are of vital importance in responding to a mass casualty situation. Purpose: This article highlights areas of which general dental practitioners should be aware and hopes to encourage further training and professional development to up-skill in the event of a natural disaster or terrorist event in New Zealand or Australia. In doing so, general dental practitioners may take a greater role in a multidisciplinary team in a mass casualty situation. Materials and Methods: Web-based on-line search engines (PubMed, Medline, and Google), the Cochrane Collaboration Library and hand-searches of major journals and texts were performed. For web-based on-line searches the follo...

Research paper thumbnail of Case series: 3 case reports of wooden periorbital foreign bodies at a single centre tertiary hospital

Advances in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Research paper thumbnail of Third Molar Surgery Outcomes: A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Submucosal and Intravenous Dexamethasone

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Research paper thumbnail of Potential of Lyophilized Platelet Concentrates for Craniofacial Tissue Regenerative Therapies

Molecules

Objective: The use of platelet concentrates (PCs) in oral and maxillofacial surgery, periodontolo... more Objective: The use of platelet concentrates (PCs) in oral and maxillofacial surgery, periodontology, and craniofacial surgery has been reported. While PCs provide a rich reservoir of autologous bioactive growth factors for tissue regeneration, their drawbacks include lack of utility for long-term application, low elastic modulus and strength, and limited storage capability. These issues restrict their broader application. This review focuses on the lyophilization of PCs (LPCs) and how this processing approach affects their biological and mechanical properties for application as a bioactive scaffold for craniofacial tissue regeneration. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search of five electronic databases, including Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus, was conducted from 1946 until 2019 using a combination of search terms relating to this topic. Results: Ten manuscripts were identified as being relevant. The use of LPCs was mostly studied in in vitro and in vivo ...

Research paper thumbnail of BRAF mutations in ameloblastoma: correlation with clinical and histopathological features

British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Research paper thumbnail of A biomechanical comparison between human calvarial bone and a skull simulant considering the role of attached periosteum and dura mater

International Journal of Legal Medicine

Research paper thumbnail of An Investigation on the Correlation between the Mechanical Properties of Human Skull Bone, Its Geometry, Microarchitectural Properties, and Water Content

Journal of Healthcare Engineering

With increasingly detailed imaging and mechanical analysis, modalities need arises to update meth... more With increasingly detailed imaging and mechanical analysis, modalities need arises to update methodology and assessment criteria for skull bone analysis to understand how bone microarchitecture and the presence of attached tissues may affect the response to mechanical load. The main aim was to analyze the effect of macroscopic and microstructural features, as well as periosteal attachment, on the mechanical properties of human skull bone. Fifty-six skull specimens from ethanol-phenoxyethanol-embalmed cadavers were prepared from two human cadavers. Assuming symmetry of the skull, all samples from one-half each were stripped of periosteum and dura mater, while the soft tissues were kept intact on the remaining samples on the contralateral side. The specimens were analyzed using microcomputed tomography to assess trabecular connectivity density, total surface area, and volume ratio. The specimens were loaded under three-point bend tests until fracture with optical co-registration. The ...

Research paper thumbnail of Mechanical properties of the human scalp in tension

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

Research paper thumbnail of Anatomical head model to measure impact force transfer through the head layers and their displacement

Journal of Concussion

When the human head is subjected to blunt force impact, there are several mechanical responses th... more When the human head is subjected to blunt force impact, there are several mechanical responses that may result from the forces involved, including absorption of impact forces through the various layers of the head. The purpose of this study was to develop an anatomical head model to measure force transfer through the various head layers and their displacement when subject to short-duration high-velocity impacts. An anatomical head model was constructed using previously validated simulant materials: epoxy resin (skull), polyvinyl siloxane (scalp), agar/glycerol/water (brain) and modified intravenous fluid for the cerebrospinal fluid. An array of accelerometers (4 mm × 4 mm × 1.45 mm) was incorporated into the various layers of the head to measure forces in x- (anterior/posterior), y- (left/right) and z- (up/down) axis. All sensors were connected to a signal conditioning board and USB powered data loggers. The head model was placed into a rigid metal stand with an optical sensor to tr...

Research paper thumbnail of Elastic behavior of brain simulants in comparison to porcine brain at different loading velocities

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

Research paper thumbnail of Surgical management in dentistry: the interdisciplinary relationship between periodontology and oral and maxillofacial surgery

Research paper thumbnail of Damage control surgery and combat-related maxillofacial and cervical injuries: a systematic review

British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Research paper thumbnail of Efficacy of Codeine When Added to Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) and Ibuprofen for Relief of Postoperative Pain After Surgical Removal of Impacted Third Molars: A Double-Blinded Randomized Control Trial

Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, Jan 15, 2017

The use of opioids in combination with nonopioids is common practice for acute pain management af... more The use of opioids in combination with nonopioids is common practice for acute pain management after third molar surgery. One such combination is paracetamol, ibuprofen, and codeine. The authors assessed the efficacy of codeine when added to a regimen of paracetamol and ibuprofen for pain relief after third molar surgery. This study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial conducted in patients undergoing the surgical removal of at least 1 impacted mandibular third molar requiring bone removal. Participants were randomly allocated to a control group (paracetamol 1,000 mg and ibuprofen 400 mg) or an intervention group (paracetamol 1,000 mg, ibuprofen 400 mg, and codeine 60 mg). All participants were treated under intravenous sedation and using identical surgical conditions and technique. Postoperative pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) every 3 hours (while awake) for the first 48 hours after surgery. Pain was globally assessed using a questionnair...

Research paper thumbnail of Investigation of the elastic modulus, tensile and flexural strength of five skull simulant materials for impact testing of a forensic skin/skull/brain model

Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials, 2017

Conducting in vitro research for forensic, impact and injury simulation modelling generally invol... more Conducting in vitro research for forensic, impact and injury simulation modelling generally involves the use of a skull simulant with mechanical properties similar to those found in the human skull. For this study epoxy resin, fibre filled epoxy resin, 3D-printing filaments (PETG, PLA) and self-cure acrylic denture base resin were used to fabricate the specimens (n=20 per material group), according to ISO 527-2 IBB and ISO20795-1. Tensile and flexural testing in a universal testing machine was used to measure their tensile/flexural elastic modulus and strength. The results showed that the epoxy resin and fibre filled epoxy resin had similar tensile elastic moduli (no statistical significant difference) with lower values observed for the other materials. The fibre filled epoxy resin had a considerably higher flexural elastic modulus and strength, possibly attributed to the presence of fibres. Of the simulants tested, epoxy resin had an elastic modulus and flexural strength close to t...

Research paper thumbnail of Use of agar/glycerol and agar/glycerol/water as a translucent brain simulant for ballistic testing

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2017

The suitability of agar/glycerol/water and agar/glycerol mixtures as brain simulants was investig... more The suitability of agar/glycerol/water and agar/glycerol mixtures as brain simulants was investigated. Test specimens (n=15) (50x27×37mm) were fabricated for these different mixtures and conditioned to 12°C, 22°C, and 26°C prior to testing. For comparison, fresh deer brain specimens (n=20) were sourced and prepared to the same dimensions as the agar/glycerol(/water) mixtures and conditioned to 12°C and 37°C. High impact tests were carried out with a 0.22-caliber air rifle pellet and a high-speed camera was used to record the projectile as it passed through the specimens, allowing for energy loss and vertical displacement velocity calculation. Although the agar/glycerol/water mixture presented with similar vertical expansion and contraction of the specimens to the warm and cold deer brains, a two-fold decrease of the vertical expansion and contraction was noticed with the agar/glycerol specimens. Also considerably less extrusion of this mixture out of the exit and entry sides after specimen penetration was observed. Of the simulants tested, agar/glycerol/water was the most suitable brain simulant for ballistic testing and impact studies.

Research paper thumbnail of Recommendations Dentistry: A Review and Practice Antibiotic Prophylaxis in

Research paper thumbnail of Intra-Oral Stabilisation Device

Research paper thumbnail of An Evidence Based and Historical Review of War Surgery of the Face and Jaws

Research paper thumbnail of Health conditions in a cohort of New Zealand Vietnam veterans: hospital admissions between 1988 and 2009

BMJ open, Jan 9, 2015

To inform the provision of support to veterans by analysing hospital discharge data, thereby iden... more To inform the provision of support to veterans by analysing hospital discharge data, thereby identifying which conditions show an excess risk, require specific management strategies and deserve further investigation. Tertiary level care, including all public and private New Zealand hospitals. All New Zealand Vietnam veterans with service between 1964 and 1972. Standardised hospitalisation ratios (SHRs) were calculated based on the number of first observed hospital admissions for a condition, those expected being based on New Zealand national hospitalisation rates. The SHR for all causes of hospitalisation was 1.18, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.21, with modest increases for the major common causes, cardio and cerebrovascular disease. Admission rates for chronic renal failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were highest in the 2006-2009 time period. The highest statistically significant hospitalisation risk was for alcohol-related mental disorder, SHR 1.91, 99% CI 1.39 to 2.43. Chronic ...