Tono Saksono - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Tono Saksono

NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics

Sky brightness data have been widely used to document the light pollution and to localise the dir... more Sky brightness data have been widely used to document the light pollution and to localise the direction of the sun during both dawn and dusk twilight. The use of the most common data analysis techniques of graphical interpretation can give less accurate final results. This study used a Sky Quality Metre to record the brightness of night sky in mag arcsec −2 at Depok city of Indonesia during 26 days for the months of June and July 2015. Analytical technique of thirddegree polynomial was established to predict dawn astronomical twilight and provides a good fit to the experimental data. The modelling results have been experimentally verified that astronomical twilight in the morning at Depok city with its environment begins when the sun is at the position of −14°± 0.6 below the eastern horizon and ends at sunrise. In conclusion, the Muslim communities of Indonesia begin their dawn prayer 6°too early and have been found to calculate the true dawn incorrectly when the centre of the sun is at a depression angle of −20°b elow the horizon.

Ulum Islamiyyah

This paper summarizes ISRN’s 3-years research on the occurrence of dawn and dusk to mark the timi... more This paper summarizes ISRN’s 3-years research on the occurrence of dawn and dusk to mark the timings of the Fajr and Isha prayers. We acquired the astronomical data not only in Indonesia but also in Malaysia, the US, Egypt, and Turkey. It will be an attempt to compile a global twilight pattern in the future. The main instrument used is a Sky Quality Meter (SQM) that records the sky brightness data. For quality assurance, ISRN-UHAMKA employed dozens of imaging sensors ranging from an All Sky Camera, different types of DSLR, and gadget cameras. From hundreds of astronomical data, we have collected; it seems that the occurrence of the real twilight to mark the Fajr prayer throughout the world is the same. That is when the sun is at its depression angle of around 120-130. Likewise, the dusk to mark the end of the Maghrib prayer also occurs when the sun is at a solar depression angle around 120-130. Meanwhile, Muslims in the world use different solar depression angles ranging from -150 t...

Journal of Applied Geodesy

Muslims perform the prayers facing towards the correct qibla direction would be the only one of t... more Muslims perform the prayers facing towards the correct qibla direction would be the only one of the practical issues in linking theoretical studies with practice. The concept of facing towards the Kaaba in Mecca during the prayers has long been the source of controversy among the muslim communities to not only in poor and developing countries but also in developed countries. The aims of this study were to analyse the geodetic azimuths of qibla calculated using three different models of the Earth. The use of ellipsoidal model of the Earth could be the best method for determining the accurate direction of Kaaba from anywhere on the Earth’s surface. A muslim cannot direct himself towards the qibla correctly if he cannot see the Kaaba due to setting out process and certain motions during the prayer this can significantly shift the qibla direction from the actual position of the Kaaba. The requirement of muslim prayed facing towards the Kaaba is more as spiritual prerequisite rather than...

Al-Marshad: Jurnal Astronomi Islam dan Ilmu-Ilmu Berkaitan

The current practice of shariah economy is actually substantially flawed. This comes from the fac... more The current practice of shariah economy is actually substantially flawed. This comes from the fact that Muslims have wrongly defined their accounting system that is based the Gregorian calendar, due to the unavailability of a reliable Islamic calendar. Although the pragmatic approach has solved one problem, it has created an even bigger problem. The Gregorian calendar is actually 11.5 days longer than the Islamic calendar. In so doing, in every thirty-year operation of any Muslim's business, there appear one-year unpaid obligatory alms. This paper addresses important steps in purifying inadvertent non-shariah financial statements into shariah compliant ones. It demonstrates an advanced econometric model to transform from a conventional financial statement into a shariah compliant one. It also calculates the estimated embezzled alms and the accuracy of the transformation. Due to the unavailability of the financial statements of Muslim's business in public domain, this study has used quarterly financial statements of two world-reputable companies, namely Google and Microsoft. Using these two theoretical samples, the potential deficits of the paid alms are US$ 9 million and US$ 80 million respectively. The average standardized accuracy of the transformation ranges from 6.4% to 10.2%. It is of firm belief that should monthly financial statements be available, the transformation model will be able to achieve a better-standardized accuracy of 2%-3%. This study therefore demonstrates that in order to comply with the Islamic finance principle, rather than redo the financial statements of tens of years of business operation of a business entity, the developed econometric model provides a smart alternative way to calculate the deficit of the paid alms. It reduces the cost substantially, at a much swifter time whilst it retains high transformation accuracy.

... Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tono Saksono1 Norshazwani Afiqah bt Rosmera Abstract ... Keywords: spatial-b... more ... Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tono Saksono1 Norshazwani Afiqah bt Rosmera Abstract ... Keywords: spatial-based econometric modeling, digital property price modeling (DPPM). 1 Faculty of Technology Management and Business, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor. ...

The current research and practice of shariah economy focus only in three classical issues namely ... more The current research and practice of shariah economy focus only in three classical issues namely riba (usury), maysir (gambling), and gharar (ambiguity). Haul that is something to do with the definition of a Muslims’ accounting system is completely neglected. All Muslims’ businesses in the world are currently using the Gregorian calendar as the basis of their accounting system in spite of the fact that it is actually some 11.5 days longer than the Islamic calendar. In so doing, Muslims actually fall short about 3.15% in paying their zakat per annum. This mistake might have been going on for hundreds of years, and it has been snowballing to form Muslims’ civilization debt. If Muslims are willing to rectify this mistake, Muslims preserve a huge economic potential with which poverty in Muslims’ world can be eliminated without the help of donor institutions such as the World Bank, IMF, and others.

The current shariah economy practice is mere a pseudo-shariah economy as it is not using the Isla... more The current shariah economy practice is mere a pseudo-shariah economy as it is not using the Islamic calendar as the basis of its accounting system. Instead, it is using the Gregorian calendar, in lieu of the inexistence of a reliable Islamic calendar. As the Islamic calendar is 11.5 days shorter than the Gregorian calendar, every 30 year-operation of an Islamic business will create one year of unpaid zakat. This paper reveals the substantial defect of the current practice of the shariah economy by providing a robust calculation of the potential loss of paid zakat. The zakat deficit of a simulated collective possession of only three assets (General Electric, gold and crude oil) from open market shows the zakat deficit stays at astronomical figure of US$ 7.1 million. This is a Muslims' civilization debt and hence, the research tries to put an underlying groundwork for the development of a flawless shariah economics system in the future.

International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 2011

Despite the advent cognizance of astronomical technique for the calculation of geographically rel... more Despite the advent cognizance of astronomical technique for the calculation of geographically related problems (positioning system, orbital and space navigation), when it comes to the development of Islamic calendar, Muslim scientists are too deeply bound with shariah issues. Majority of Muslim scientists are not in favor of the use of astronomical technique for the determination of the onset of an Islamic month. Hence, a reliable Islamic calendar for business purposes never exists, and the Islamic calendar as the basis of Islamic accounting system is totally neglected. The use of the Gregorian that replaces an Islamic calendar actually has created huge unconsciously embezzled zakat (obligatory alms). Because the Gregorian calendar is some 11.5 days longer than the Islamic calendar, the use of the Gregorian calendar as the basis of Islamic accounting system has therefore created zakat payment deficit of about one year in every thirty-year operation of Muslims' business. This paper addresses the development a robust estimation model of the potential loss of the payable zakat from the collective possession of five different assets from stock market. Whilst the period of the assets ownership is only less than twenty years, the total zakat deficit is at the tune of almost US$10 million. With minor modification, the algorithm can be well suited for the use of financial statement data of any Islamic business in the future, inclusive Islamic banking. Advanced numerical and statistical analyses were utilized to achieve a relative accuracy of the estimate better than 0.5% of the stock price. As zakat is obligatory alms for the purification of Muslim's soul, an appropriate repayment scheme will generate unimaginably potential of Muslims' contribution to the global economy development, especially in eradicating poverty. The paper discloses its potential; hence it is also a breakthrough strategic path for the development of a flawless shariah economy in the future.