Trino Baptista - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Trino Baptista
PubMed, Aug 1, 1994
The weight gain and hyperphagia induced by chronic administration of sulpiride in female rats wer... more The weight gain and hyperphagia induced by chronic administration of sulpiride in female rats were not prevented by the concomitant administration of an extra source of sodium. In addition, serum sodium levels were not affected, but potassium levels were significantly reduced by sulpiride administered for 1 week. These results suggest that sulpiride-induced obesity in rats is not related to sodium imbalance. The mechanism for the decrease in serum potassium levels and its relation with sulpiride-induced weight gain warrant further investigation.
PubMed, Dec 1, 2016
Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) is known as the pessimist philosopher and the psychologist of the... more Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) is known as the pessimist philosopher and the psychologist of the will. He anticipated some features of cognitive neuroscience, psychoanalysis and evolutionary psychology, but he is relatively unfamiliar to most contemporary mental health professionals. Schopenhauer conceived the will as the universe’s essence; purposeful human actions are a small part of it. We do not directly perceive the will, but only its phenomena through the ‘Veil of Maya’, which, in contemporary terms, refers to the cognitive and perceptual limits imposed by our own biological species. This is why Schopenhauer posits that we have a representation (idea) of the world. We have a direct access to the will by perceiving our body’s desires. The will is insatiable and selfish. Because of these will’s features, there is no possibility of collective or global salvation. However, individual or existential salvation may occur by denying the will through a path that includes: 1) an aesthetic experience particularly with the aid of art, that allows contemplation of the ´Platonic Ideas´, lessening desire and promoting knowledge through contemplation,; 2) the ethical experience refers to the insight about the unity of the universe, particularly by realizing the ubiquity of suffering and neediness, and 3) the metaphysical step which promotes compassion and asceticism. These philosophical principles may add to specific psychotherapeutic techniques in expanding the individual’s awareness beyond herself/himself, and thus arise and improve the psychological outcome.
PubMed, Dec 1, 1991
Microdialysis was used to measure changes in extracellular serotonin in the hypothalamus of rats ... more Microdialysis was used to measure changes in extracellular serotonin in the hypothalamus of rats while they engaged in feeding behavior or received drug treatments used to treat feeding disorders and affective disorders in humans. Hypothalamic serotonin increased significantly relative to controls in response to (1) intraperitoneal tryptophan after food deprivation, (2) the smell of food and eating a meal, (3) a conditioned taste aversion, (4) d-fenfluramine and fluoxetine, and (5) an amphetamine challenge test after chronic low doses of lithium. In some cases, increases correlated with nonspecific behavioral arousal were seen in the hippocampus. The results suggest that diet, drug, and behavioral therapies, alone or combined, can be used to preferentially modify hypothalamic serotonin in the control of behavioral, emotional, and endocrine problems.
Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology
Revista de Etologia, 2014
The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 2001
Objectives:To correlate the anthropometric indexes (Body Mass Index [BMI] and Waist–Hip ratio [WH... more Objectives:To correlate the anthropometric indexes (Body Mass Index [BMI] and Waist–Hip ratio [WHR]) with the serum prolactin levels in a heterogeneous population of patients treated with typical antipsychotic (AP) drugs.Methods:We evaluated BMI, WHR, and fasting serum prolactin of inpatients ( n = 105) and outpatients ( n = 122) treated with APs, in outpatients receiving other psychotropic drugs (OPDs) ( n = 77), and in drug-free subjects (n = 33). Outpatients had free access to food, whereas the inpatient sample comprised people with a monotonous diet of approximately 2000 Kcal daily.Results:Prolactin correlated positively with the BMI in the whole group of AP-treated outpatient men ( P = 0.03) and with the WHR in AP-treated inpatient men ( P = 0.053). Regarding treatment duration, prolactin and BMI correlated positively in men consecutively treated for more than 1 year ( P = 0.023). By contrast, a trend toward a negative correlation between prolactin and BMI was observed in AP-tr...
Appetite, 1992
Norepinephrine (NE) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) may be involved in stimulat... more Norepinephrine (NE) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) may be involved in stimulating carbohydrate intake at the beginning of the active dark feeding cycle. Using microdialysis procedures, this study examined, under three different conditions, extracellular levels of endogenous NE in the PVN in the first 20min of dark onset, and related these changes to the amount of carbohydrate consumed (in 20 to 120min) at dark onset. Male albino rats were treated as follows: PVN administration of the NE uptake blocker, desipramine (DMI) by dialysis probe or by microinjection. i.p. administration of the a,-receptor blocker, idazoxan (IDA). Food deprivation for 24 h followed by presentation of carbohydrate diet at dark onset. The results indicated that DMI, through blockade of NE uptake, stimulates carbohydrate intake (vehicle, 2.3 kcal vs. 50 nmol DMI, 8.2 kcal p < O.OS), while enhancing NE levels in the PVN (vehicle, 1.5 pg vs. 10pM DMI, 51 pg p ~0.05); IDA, through blockade of postsynaptic as well as presynaptic receptors, suppresses carbohydrate intake (vehicle, 8.6 kcal vs. 1 mg/kg IDA, 4.7 kcal p<O.Ol) while increasing NE levels in the PVN (vehicle, 3.5 pg vs. lOmg/kg IDA, 6.3 pg p-zO.05); and food deprivation increases carbohydrate intake at the dark onset, and levels of NE in animals that consumed more carbohydrate (> 12.0 kcal) were significantly higher (4.1 pg) p < 0.05 than NE levels (2.5 pg) in low-carbohydrate eaters (< 4.0 kcal). These findings are consistent with other evidence linking endogenous PVN NE to carbohydrate-rich meals. Review of sulpiride effects on feeding and body weight. M. A. PARADA, M.
Pharmacopsychiatry, Oct 26, 2001
In this study, the authors assessed the endocrine system and glucose tolerance in obese and non-o... more In this study, the authors assessed the endocrine system and glucose tolerance in obese and non-obese women chronically treated with typical antipsychotic drugs (AP). In particular, we tested the hypotheses that these subjects display hypogonadism and increased insulin resistance compared to healthy weight-matched controls, as these abnormalities create a tendency towards excessive body weight gain. Twenty-six AP-treated women were matched with 26 healthy women by age, body mass index and day of the menstrual cycle. The following serum variables were evaluated in each subject: glucose tolerance after an oral glucose overload, insulin, leptin, beta-endorphin, reproductive hormones, adrenal steroids and lipids. Compared to controls, AP-treated women displayed significantly higher levels of basal glucose, insulin after 60 min of the glucose overload, prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone and beta-endorphin, with lower levels of C-Peptide, progesterone, 17-OH progesterone, androstenedione and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The levels of estradiol, estrone and leptin did not differ between the groups. Thus, women treated with typical AP appeared to display more insulin resistance than healthy controls, predisposing them to excessive weight gain. Insulin sensitivity might be further impaired when the subject switches to atypical AP administration. Metformin and related agents may reduce body weight in these subjects. The high levels of the opiate beta-endorphin suggest that opiate antagonists such as naloxone and naltrexone might be useful as well. Even though the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle appears to be severely disturbed, the normal serum levels of estradiol and estrone do not support the proposal derived from animal experimental studies about the use of estrogens or tamoxifen to counteract AP-induced obesity.
Pharmacopsychiatry, 2009
Excessive body weight gain (BWG), hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia are important side effects of ol... more Excessive body weight gain (BWG), hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia are important side effects of olanzapine. We assessed the effects of rosiglitazone on BWG, the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), lipids, glycated hemoglobin and fibrinogen in olanzapine-treated schizophrenia patients. Thirty patients taking olanzapine (10-20 mg daily for 8 months) were randomly allocated to rosiglitazone (n=15; 4 to 8 mg daily) or placebo (n=15) in a 12-week double-blind protocol. Anthropometric and biochemical variables were evaluated at baseline, weeks 6 and 12. The rosiglitazone and placebo groups gained 3.2+/-4.5 and 2.2+/-2.3 kg, respectively (p=0.65). Insulin and the HOMA-IR significantly decreased after rosiglitazone (p<0.05). Rosiglitazone did not improve the lipid profile, fibrinogen and Hb1c levels. The positive impact of rosiglitazone was limited to improved glycemic control. It cannot be recommended for metabolic control during olanzapine treatment.
Schizophrenia Research, Jun 1, 2023
British Journal of Psychiatry, Dec 1, 2001
Yuste,R. & Bonhoeffer,T. (2001) Morphologicalchanges Morphologicalchanges in dendritic spines ass... more Yuste,R. & Bonhoeffer,T. (2001) Morphologicalchanges Morphologicalchanges in dendritic spines associated withlong-term synaptic in dendritic spines associated withlong-term synaptic plasticity. plasticity. Annual Review of Neuroscience Annual Review of Neuroscience, , 24 24,1071^1089. ,1071^1089.
Value in Health, Nov 1, 2011
To conduct a cost-utility evaluation of dabigatran etexilate compared with enoxaparin for the pre... more To conduct a cost-utility evaluation of dabigatran etexilate compared with enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after total knee replacement (TKR) and total hip replacement (THR) in Colombia. METHODS: An acute phase model, using decision analysis, and a long-term simulation Markov model were developed to compare the clinical outcomes, utilities, and direct medical costs of dabigatran 220 mg once daily and subcutaneous enoxaparin 40 mg once daily for VTE prophylaxis after TKR or THR. Time frame for the acute inpatient-phase was 14 days for TKR and 30 days for THR; adjustments for adverse events and average length of hospital stay were performed. The long-term simulation was performed using 6-months cycle transitions to eight health states for both TKR and THR. Transition probabilities for VTE and bleeding events were derived from Phase III studies comparing the two treatments. The probabilities of long-term events were estimated using data from published longitudinal studies. The payer perspective for a lifetime horizon was used. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the model robustness. The annual discount rate was set at 3.
Appetite, Oct 1, 1992
Norepinephrine (NE) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) may be involved in stimulat... more Norepinephrine (NE) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) may be involved in stimulating carbohydrate intake at the beginning of the active dark feeding cycle. Using microdialysis procedures, this study examined, under three different conditions, extracellular levels of endogenous NE in the PVN in the first 20min of dark onset, and related these changes to the amount of carbohydrate consumed (in 20 to 120min) at dark onset. Male albino rats were treated as follows: PVN administration of the NE uptake blocker, desipramine (DMI) by dialysis probe or by microinjection. i.p. administration of the a,-receptor blocker, idazoxan (IDA). Food deprivation for 24 h followed by presentation of carbohydrate diet at dark onset. The results indicated that DMI, through blockade of NE uptake, stimulates carbohydrate intake (vehicle, 2.3 kcal vs. 50 nmol DMI, 8.2 kcal p < O.OS), while enhancing NE levels in the PVN (vehicle, 1.5 pg vs. 10pM DMI, 51 pg p ~0.05); IDA, through blockade of postsynaptic as well as presynaptic receptors, suppresses carbohydrate intake (vehicle, 8.6 kcal vs. 1 mg/kg IDA, 4.7 kcal p<O.Ol) while increasing NE levels in the PVN (vehicle, 3.5 pg vs. lOmg/kg IDA, 6.3 pg p-zO.05); and food deprivation increases carbohydrate intake at the dark onset, and levels of NE in animals that consumed more carbohydrate (> 12.0 kcal) were significantly higher (4.1 pg) p < 0.05 than NE levels (2.5 pg) in low-carbohydrate eaters (< 4.0 kcal). These findings are consistent with other evidence linking endogenous PVN NE to carbohydrate-rich meals. Review of sulpiride effects on feeding and body weight. M. A. PARADA, M.
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 2022
Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Oct 1, 2002
Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Jul 1, 2021
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Apr 11, 2015
Titrating clozapine amidst recommendations proposing high myocarditis risk and rapid titrations. ... more Titrating clozapine amidst recommendations proposing high myocarditis risk and rapid titrations. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/acps.12421. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.
Schizophrenia Research, Feb 1, 2008
2007). Animal models have shown an etiologic cascade that is initiated by inflammatory processes ... more 2007). Animal models have shown an etiologic cascade that is initiated by inflammatory processes leading to BBB and subsequent loss of neuronal homeostasis, suggesting that in principle systemic inflammation may lead to acute or chronic brain disease. The exact nature of these events is poorly understood, but in view of the findings by a retrospective study in psychotic children at Cleveland Clinic it appears that altered immunity is an essential component or cofactor in the onset of acute psychotic episodes in children. This presentation will summarize the current understanding of "BBB diseases" with special reference to systematic, parallel investigations in patients and animal models by molecular, radiologic, and psychiatric methods.
PubMed, Aug 1, 1994
The weight gain and hyperphagia induced by chronic administration of sulpiride in female rats wer... more The weight gain and hyperphagia induced by chronic administration of sulpiride in female rats were not prevented by the concomitant administration of an extra source of sodium. In addition, serum sodium levels were not affected, but potassium levels were significantly reduced by sulpiride administered for 1 week. These results suggest that sulpiride-induced obesity in rats is not related to sodium imbalance. The mechanism for the decrease in serum potassium levels and its relation with sulpiride-induced weight gain warrant further investigation.
PubMed, Dec 1, 2016
Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) is known as the pessimist philosopher and the psychologist of the... more Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) is known as the pessimist philosopher and the psychologist of the will. He anticipated some features of cognitive neuroscience, psychoanalysis and evolutionary psychology, but he is relatively unfamiliar to most contemporary mental health professionals. Schopenhauer conceived the will as the universe’s essence; purposeful human actions are a small part of it. We do not directly perceive the will, but only its phenomena through the ‘Veil of Maya’, which, in contemporary terms, refers to the cognitive and perceptual limits imposed by our own biological species. This is why Schopenhauer posits that we have a representation (idea) of the world. We have a direct access to the will by perceiving our body’s desires. The will is insatiable and selfish. Because of these will’s features, there is no possibility of collective or global salvation. However, individual or existential salvation may occur by denying the will through a path that includes: 1) an aesthetic experience particularly with the aid of art, that allows contemplation of the ´Platonic Ideas´, lessening desire and promoting knowledge through contemplation,; 2) the ethical experience refers to the insight about the unity of the universe, particularly by realizing the ubiquity of suffering and neediness, and 3) the metaphysical step which promotes compassion and asceticism. These philosophical principles may add to specific psychotherapeutic techniques in expanding the individual’s awareness beyond herself/himself, and thus arise and improve the psychological outcome.
PubMed, Dec 1, 1991
Microdialysis was used to measure changes in extracellular serotonin in the hypothalamus of rats ... more Microdialysis was used to measure changes in extracellular serotonin in the hypothalamus of rats while they engaged in feeding behavior or received drug treatments used to treat feeding disorders and affective disorders in humans. Hypothalamic serotonin increased significantly relative to controls in response to (1) intraperitoneal tryptophan after food deprivation, (2) the smell of food and eating a meal, (3) a conditioned taste aversion, (4) d-fenfluramine and fluoxetine, and (5) an amphetamine challenge test after chronic low doses of lithium. In some cases, increases correlated with nonspecific behavioral arousal were seen in the hippocampus. The results suggest that diet, drug, and behavioral therapies, alone or combined, can be used to preferentially modify hypothalamic serotonin in the control of behavioral, emotional, and endocrine problems.
Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology
Revista de Etologia, 2014
The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 2001
Objectives:To correlate the anthropometric indexes (Body Mass Index [BMI] and Waist–Hip ratio [WH... more Objectives:To correlate the anthropometric indexes (Body Mass Index [BMI] and Waist–Hip ratio [WHR]) with the serum prolactin levels in a heterogeneous population of patients treated with typical antipsychotic (AP) drugs.Methods:We evaluated BMI, WHR, and fasting serum prolactin of inpatients ( n = 105) and outpatients ( n = 122) treated with APs, in outpatients receiving other psychotropic drugs (OPDs) ( n = 77), and in drug-free subjects (n = 33). Outpatients had free access to food, whereas the inpatient sample comprised people with a monotonous diet of approximately 2000 Kcal daily.Results:Prolactin correlated positively with the BMI in the whole group of AP-treated outpatient men ( P = 0.03) and with the WHR in AP-treated inpatient men ( P = 0.053). Regarding treatment duration, prolactin and BMI correlated positively in men consecutively treated for more than 1 year ( P = 0.023). By contrast, a trend toward a negative correlation between prolactin and BMI was observed in AP-tr...
Appetite, 1992
Norepinephrine (NE) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) may be involved in stimulat... more Norepinephrine (NE) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) may be involved in stimulating carbohydrate intake at the beginning of the active dark feeding cycle. Using microdialysis procedures, this study examined, under three different conditions, extracellular levels of endogenous NE in the PVN in the first 20min of dark onset, and related these changes to the amount of carbohydrate consumed (in 20 to 120min) at dark onset. Male albino rats were treated as follows: PVN administration of the NE uptake blocker, desipramine (DMI) by dialysis probe or by microinjection. i.p. administration of the a,-receptor blocker, idazoxan (IDA). Food deprivation for 24 h followed by presentation of carbohydrate diet at dark onset. The results indicated that DMI, through blockade of NE uptake, stimulates carbohydrate intake (vehicle, 2.3 kcal vs. 50 nmol DMI, 8.2 kcal p < O.OS), while enhancing NE levels in the PVN (vehicle, 1.5 pg vs. 10pM DMI, 51 pg p ~0.05); IDA, through blockade of postsynaptic as well as presynaptic receptors, suppresses carbohydrate intake (vehicle, 8.6 kcal vs. 1 mg/kg IDA, 4.7 kcal p<O.Ol) while increasing NE levels in the PVN (vehicle, 3.5 pg vs. lOmg/kg IDA, 6.3 pg p-zO.05); and food deprivation increases carbohydrate intake at the dark onset, and levels of NE in animals that consumed more carbohydrate (> 12.0 kcal) were significantly higher (4.1 pg) p < 0.05 than NE levels (2.5 pg) in low-carbohydrate eaters (< 4.0 kcal). These findings are consistent with other evidence linking endogenous PVN NE to carbohydrate-rich meals. Review of sulpiride effects on feeding and body weight. M. A. PARADA, M.
Pharmacopsychiatry, Oct 26, 2001
In this study, the authors assessed the endocrine system and glucose tolerance in obese and non-o... more In this study, the authors assessed the endocrine system and glucose tolerance in obese and non-obese women chronically treated with typical antipsychotic drugs (AP). In particular, we tested the hypotheses that these subjects display hypogonadism and increased insulin resistance compared to healthy weight-matched controls, as these abnormalities create a tendency towards excessive body weight gain. Twenty-six AP-treated women were matched with 26 healthy women by age, body mass index and day of the menstrual cycle. The following serum variables were evaluated in each subject: glucose tolerance after an oral glucose overload, insulin, leptin, beta-endorphin, reproductive hormones, adrenal steroids and lipids. Compared to controls, AP-treated women displayed significantly higher levels of basal glucose, insulin after 60 min of the glucose overload, prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone and beta-endorphin, with lower levels of C-Peptide, progesterone, 17-OH progesterone, androstenedione and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The levels of estradiol, estrone and leptin did not differ between the groups. Thus, women treated with typical AP appeared to display more insulin resistance than healthy controls, predisposing them to excessive weight gain. Insulin sensitivity might be further impaired when the subject switches to atypical AP administration. Metformin and related agents may reduce body weight in these subjects. The high levels of the opiate beta-endorphin suggest that opiate antagonists such as naloxone and naltrexone might be useful as well. Even though the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle appears to be severely disturbed, the normal serum levels of estradiol and estrone do not support the proposal derived from animal experimental studies about the use of estrogens or tamoxifen to counteract AP-induced obesity.
Pharmacopsychiatry, 2009
Excessive body weight gain (BWG), hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia are important side effects of ol... more Excessive body weight gain (BWG), hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia are important side effects of olanzapine. We assessed the effects of rosiglitazone on BWG, the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), lipids, glycated hemoglobin and fibrinogen in olanzapine-treated schizophrenia patients. Thirty patients taking olanzapine (10-20 mg daily for 8 months) were randomly allocated to rosiglitazone (n=15; 4 to 8 mg daily) or placebo (n=15) in a 12-week double-blind protocol. Anthropometric and biochemical variables were evaluated at baseline, weeks 6 and 12. The rosiglitazone and placebo groups gained 3.2+/-4.5 and 2.2+/-2.3 kg, respectively (p=0.65). Insulin and the HOMA-IR significantly decreased after rosiglitazone (p<0.05). Rosiglitazone did not improve the lipid profile, fibrinogen and Hb1c levels. The positive impact of rosiglitazone was limited to improved glycemic control. It cannot be recommended for metabolic control during olanzapine treatment.
Schizophrenia Research, Jun 1, 2023
British Journal of Psychiatry, Dec 1, 2001
Yuste,R. & Bonhoeffer,T. (2001) Morphologicalchanges Morphologicalchanges in dendritic spines ass... more Yuste,R. & Bonhoeffer,T. (2001) Morphologicalchanges Morphologicalchanges in dendritic spines associated withlong-term synaptic in dendritic spines associated withlong-term synaptic plasticity. plasticity. Annual Review of Neuroscience Annual Review of Neuroscience, , 24 24,1071^1089. ,1071^1089.
Value in Health, Nov 1, 2011
To conduct a cost-utility evaluation of dabigatran etexilate compared with enoxaparin for the pre... more To conduct a cost-utility evaluation of dabigatran etexilate compared with enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after total knee replacement (TKR) and total hip replacement (THR) in Colombia. METHODS: An acute phase model, using decision analysis, and a long-term simulation Markov model were developed to compare the clinical outcomes, utilities, and direct medical costs of dabigatran 220 mg once daily and subcutaneous enoxaparin 40 mg once daily for VTE prophylaxis after TKR or THR. Time frame for the acute inpatient-phase was 14 days for TKR and 30 days for THR; adjustments for adverse events and average length of hospital stay were performed. The long-term simulation was performed using 6-months cycle transitions to eight health states for both TKR and THR. Transition probabilities for VTE and bleeding events were derived from Phase III studies comparing the two treatments. The probabilities of long-term events were estimated using data from published longitudinal studies. The payer perspective for a lifetime horizon was used. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the model robustness. The annual discount rate was set at 3.
Appetite, Oct 1, 1992
Norepinephrine (NE) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) may be involved in stimulat... more Norepinephrine (NE) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) may be involved in stimulating carbohydrate intake at the beginning of the active dark feeding cycle. Using microdialysis procedures, this study examined, under three different conditions, extracellular levels of endogenous NE in the PVN in the first 20min of dark onset, and related these changes to the amount of carbohydrate consumed (in 20 to 120min) at dark onset. Male albino rats were treated as follows: PVN administration of the NE uptake blocker, desipramine (DMI) by dialysis probe or by microinjection. i.p. administration of the a,-receptor blocker, idazoxan (IDA). Food deprivation for 24 h followed by presentation of carbohydrate diet at dark onset. The results indicated that DMI, through blockade of NE uptake, stimulates carbohydrate intake (vehicle, 2.3 kcal vs. 50 nmol DMI, 8.2 kcal p < O.OS), while enhancing NE levels in the PVN (vehicle, 1.5 pg vs. 10pM DMI, 51 pg p ~0.05); IDA, through blockade of postsynaptic as well as presynaptic receptors, suppresses carbohydrate intake (vehicle, 8.6 kcal vs. 1 mg/kg IDA, 4.7 kcal p<O.Ol) while increasing NE levels in the PVN (vehicle, 3.5 pg vs. lOmg/kg IDA, 6.3 pg p-zO.05); and food deprivation increases carbohydrate intake at the dark onset, and levels of NE in animals that consumed more carbohydrate (> 12.0 kcal) were significantly higher (4.1 pg) p < 0.05 than NE levels (2.5 pg) in low-carbohydrate eaters (< 4.0 kcal). These findings are consistent with other evidence linking endogenous PVN NE to carbohydrate-rich meals. Review of sulpiride effects on feeding and body weight. M. A. PARADA, M.
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 2022
Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Oct 1, 2002
Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Jul 1, 2021
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Apr 11, 2015
Titrating clozapine amidst recommendations proposing high myocarditis risk and rapid titrations. ... more Titrating clozapine amidst recommendations proposing high myocarditis risk and rapid titrations. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/acps.12421. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.
Schizophrenia Research, Feb 1, 2008
2007). Animal models have shown an etiologic cascade that is initiated by inflammatory processes ... more 2007). Animal models have shown an etiologic cascade that is initiated by inflammatory processes leading to BBB and subsequent loss of neuronal homeostasis, suggesting that in principle systemic inflammation may lead to acute or chronic brain disease. The exact nature of these events is poorly understood, but in view of the findings by a retrospective study in psychotic children at Cleveland Clinic it appears that altered immunity is an essential component or cofactor in the onset of acute psychotic episodes in children. This presentation will summarize the current understanding of "BBB diseases" with special reference to systematic, parallel investigations in patients and animal models by molecular, radiologic, and psychiatric methods.