Tristan Briant - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Tristan Briant
2010 IEEE Sensors, 2010
ABSTRACT We present a new micromechanical resonator designed for the observation of its quantum g... more ABSTRACT We present a new micromechanical resonator designed for the observation of its quantum ground state (QGS). To reach QGS, a high frequency resonator with the lowest possible mass and the highest possible quality factor, coupled with an extremely sensitive measurement technique, has to be implemented. Using a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity with a mirror coated on the resonator, we expect benefits from the unique sensitivity of optical interferometry (10-38 m2/Hz) and from the optomechanical coupling between the light and the micro-resonator both to laser cool the resonator down to its ground state and to observe its residual quantum position fluctuations. We present the resonator we have developed for that purpose, which takes advantage from the high intrinsic quality factor of single crystal quartz and is designed to obtain a high resonance frequency (a few MHz) as well as a low mass (a few tens of μg). A length extension mode is used in order to avoid any deformation of the mirror surface and so to preserve the intrinsic quality factor of the resonator. A dedicated crystallographic orientation and a beam equilateral cross section have been defined with respect to the quartz trigonal symmetry, allowing the micromachining of the resonator by wet etching. A beam cross-section area of 10-2 mm2 has been chosen to ease the deposit of the multilayered mirror. First mechanical characterizations of the resonator give a resonance frequency of 3.6 MHz, with a 25 μg mass and a quality factor of 390 000. Next steps will be the coating of the low-loss mirror on the resonator and its implementation in the Fabry-Perot cavity.
2011 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control and the European Frequency and Time Forum (FCS) Proceedings, 2011
ABSTRACT a dedicated micro-resonator in a length-extension mode (LEM) has been developing for fun... more ABSTRACT a dedicated micro-resonator in a length-extension mode (LEM) has been developing for fundamental physics experiments, aiming to detect the quantum ground state of a resonator. The experiment is based on a high frequency, high quality factor and low mass micro-resonator, implemented in a high finesse Fabry-Perot cavity at cryogenic temperature. Very interesting preliminary measurements have been obtained on a 3.9 MHz, 25 µg resonator, given a 1.95 million quality factor, at room temperature and under a 5 10 -2 mbar vacuum. By its planar configuration compatible with collective etching process, this resonator should also find interesting applications in the field of ultra stable oscillator (USO) and future quartz-MEMS USO.
![Research paper thumbnail of Publisher’s Note: “A micropillar for cavity optomechanics” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 121103 (2011)]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41231945/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Applied Physics Letters, 2012
Noise and Information in Nanoelectronics, Sensors, and Standards, 2003
ABSTRACT
Noise and Fluctuations in Photonics, Quantum Optics, and Communications, 2007
ABSTRACT
Noise and Information in Nanoelectronics, Sensors, and Standards III, 2005
ABSTRACT
Frontiers in Optics 2008/Laser Science XXIV/Plasmonics and Metamaterials/Optical Fabrication and Testing, 2008
Recent progress in high-finesse optical cavities and micro-mechanical resonators allows one to re... more Recent progress in high-finesse optical cavities and micro-mechanical resonators allows one to reach a new regime in which both mechanical and optical dynamics are governed by the radiation pressure exerted by light on mirrors. This optomechanical coupling leads to the existence of fundamental quantum limits in ultrasensitive interferometric measurements, and also to very efficient cooling mechanisms of micromirrors. We experimentally study these effects by monitoring in a very high-finesse cavity the displacements of a mirror coated on a microresonator. Directs effects of intracavity radiation pressure are experimentally demonstrated: we have observed a self-cooling of the resonator induced by the intracavity radiation pressure, to effective temperature in the 10 K range. Further experimental progress and cryogenic operation may allow for quantum optics experiments and lead to the experimental observation of the quantum ground state of a mechanical resonator.
Smart Sensors, Actuators, and MEMS II, 2005
Detecting quantum fluctuations of a mechanical resonator is a long-standing goal of experimental ... more Detecting quantum fluctuations of a mechanical resonator is a long-standing goal of experimental physics. Recent progress has been focussed on high frequency (MHz to GHz) resonators inserted in a milli-Kelvin environment, with motion detection performed by single electron transistor means. Here we propose a novel experimental approach based on high-sensitivity optical monitoring of the displacement of the resonator and feedback
CLEO: 2014, 2014
ABSTRACT We investigate optomechanical effects in photonic crystal slab membranes, either includi... more ABSTRACT We investigate optomechanical effects in photonic crystal slab membranes, either including a cavity or acting as an end-mirror in a Fabry-Perot cavity. We in particular demonstrate the non-linear behavior of the membranes fundamental mode.
2007 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, 2007
Recent progress in high-finesse optical cavities and micro-mechanical resonators allows one to re... more Recent progress in high-finesse optical cavities and micro-mechanical resonators allows one to reach a new regime in which both mechanical and optical dynamics are governed by the radiation pressure exerted by light on mirrors. This optomechanical coupling leads to the existence of fundamental quantum limits in ultrasensitive interferometric measurements, and also to very efficient cooling mechanisms of micromirrors. We experimentally study these effects by monitoring in a very high-finesse cavity the displacements of a mirror coated on a microresonator. Directs effects of intracavity radiation pressure are experimentally demonstrated: we have observed a self-cooling of the resonator induced by the intracavity radiation pressure, to effective temperature in the 10 K range. Further experimental progress and cryogenic operation may allow for quantum optics experiments and lead to the experimental observation of the quantum ground state of a mechanical resonator.
International Conference on Quantum Information, 2008
ABSTRACT
Optics Letters, 2011
We have designed photonic crystal suspended membranes with optimized optical and mechanical prope... more We have designed photonic crystal suspended membranes with optimized optical and mechanical properties for cavity optomechanics. Such resonators sustain vibration modes in the megahertz range with quality factors of a few thousand. Thanks to a two-dimensional square lattice of holes, their reflectivity at normal incidence at 1064 nm reaches values as high as 95 %. These two features, combined with the very low mass of the membrane, open the way to the use of such periodic structures as deformable end-mirrors in Fabry-Perot cavities for the investigation of cavity optomechanical effects.
Physical Review Letters, 2009
Quantum effects of radiation pressure are expected to limit the sensitivity of second-generation ... more Quantum effects of radiation pressure are expected to limit the sensitivity of second-generation gravitational-wave interferometers. Though ubiquitous, such effects are so weak that they haven't been experimentally demonstrated yet. Using a high-finesse optical cavity and a classical intensity noise, we have demonstrated radiation-pressure induced correlations between two optical beams sent into the same moving mirror cavity. Our scheme can be extended down to the quantum level and has applications both in high-sensitivity measurements and in quantum optics. PACS numbers: 42.50.Wk, 05.40.Jc, 03.65.Ta Quantum effects of optomechanical coupling, the radiation-pressure coupling between a moving mirror and an incident light field, were first studied in the framework of gravitational-wave detection [1, 2, 3], enforcing quantum limits to the sensitivity of large-scale interferometers . Overcoming these limits was a major motivation for the quantum optics experiments performed shortly after, such as squeezing of the light field or quantum non demolition (QND) measurements [9, 10, 11]. Such pioneering experiments were performed with nonlinear optical media, but optomechanical coupling was soon proposed as a candidate nonlinear mechanism of its own , based upon correlations between light intensity and mirror displacement induced by radiation pressure.
Physical Review A, 2006
We study the quantum limits in an optomechanical sensor based on a detuned high-finesse cavity wi... more We study the quantum limits in an optomechanical sensor based on a detuned high-finesse cavity with a movable mirror. We show that the radiation pressure exerted on the mirror by the light in the detuned cavity induces a modification of the mirror dynamics and makes the mirror motion sensitive to the signal. This leads to an amplification of the signal by the mirror dynamics, and to an improvement of the sensor sensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit, up to an ultimate quantum limit only related to the mechanical dissipation of the mirror. This improvement is somewhat similar to the one predicted in detuned signal-recycled gravitational-waves interferometers, and makes a high-finesse cavity a model system to test these quantum effects.
New Journal of Physics, 2008
We experimentally demonstrate the high-sensitivity optical monitoring of moving micromirrors, mad... more We experimentally demonstrate the high-sensitivity optical monitoring of moving micromirrors, made of low-loss dielectric coatings upon silicon resonators of various shapes and sizes. The very high optical finesses obtained (F 30 000) have allowed us to measure the thermal noise of the micromirrors at room temperature with a shot-noise limited sensitivity at the 10 −19 m/ √ Hz level and to completely characterize their mechanical behavior, in excellent agreement with the results of a finite-element computation. Applications of such optomechanical systems range from quantum optics experiments to the experimental demonstration of the quantum ground state of a macroscopic mechanical resonator.
EPL (Europhysics Letters), 2012
Optomechanical systems close to their quantum ground state (QGS) and nonlinear nanoelectromechani... more Optomechanical systems close to their quantum ground state (QGS) and nonlinear nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) are two hot topics of current physics research. Demonstrating the QGS allows to shed new light on quantum coherent effets in meso-and macroscopic systems, whereas NEMS operated in a nonlinear regime are used either to demonstrate the underlying physics of sheer nonlinear effects or as RF amplifiers, with sensitivity improvement both at the classical or quantum noise level [9, 10]. As high-reflectivity and low mass are crucial features to improve optomechanical coupling towards the QGS, we have designed, fabricated and characterized photonic crystal (PhC) nanomembranes , at the crossroad of both topics. Here we demonstrate a number of nonlinear effects with these membranes. We first characterize the nonlinear behavior of a single mechanical mode and we demonstrate its nonlocal character by monitoring the subsequent actuation-related frequency shift of a different mode. We then proceed to study the underlying nonlinear dynamics, both by monitoring the phase-space trajectory of the free resonator and by characterizing the mechanical response in presence of a strong pump excitation. We observe in particular the frequency evolution during a ring-down oscillation decay, and the emergence of a phase conjugate mechanical response to a weaker probe actuation. Our results are crucial to understand the full nonlinear features of the PhC membranes, and possibly to look for nonlinear signatures of the quantum dynamics .
Europhysics Letters (EPL), 2005
PACS. 42.50.Lc -Quantum fluctuations, quantum noise, and quantum jumps. PACS. 03.67.Mn -Entanglem... more PACS. 42.50.Lc -Quantum fluctuations, quantum noise, and quantum jumps. PACS. 03.67.Mn -Entanglement production, characterization and manipulation. PACS. 05.40.Jc -Brownian motion.
Comptes Rendus Physique, 2011
Quantum radiation pressure noise has never been experimentally demonstrated, though it has been p... more Quantum radiation pressure noise has never been experimentally demonstrated, though it has been predicted for more than thirty years. It is, however, expected to limit the low-frequency sensitivity of second generation gravitational-wave interferometers. We have demonstrated classical radiation-pressure-induced correlations between two optical beams sent into the same high-finesse cavity with a moving mirror. Our two-beam scheme can be used to retrieve quantum noise embedded in an overwhelming classical noise, and has applications both in high-sensitivity measurements and in quantum optics.
2010 IEEE Sensors, 2010
ABSTRACT We present a new micromechanical resonator designed for the observation of its quantum g... more ABSTRACT We present a new micromechanical resonator designed for the observation of its quantum ground state (QGS). To reach QGS, a high frequency resonator with the lowest possible mass and the highest possible quality factor, coupled with an extremely sensitive measurement technique, has to be implemented. Using a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity with a mirror coated on the resonator, we expect benefits from the unique sensitivity of optical interferometry (10-38 m2/Hz) and from the optomechanical coupling between the light and the micro-resonator both to laser cool the resonator down to its ground state and to observe its residual quantum position fluctuations. We present the resonator we have developed for that purpose, which takes advantage from the high intrinsic quality factor of single crystal quartz and is designed to obtain a high resonance frequency (a few MHz) as well as a low mass (a few tens of μg). A length extension mode is used in order to avoid any deformation of the mirror surface and so to preserve the intrinsic quality factor of the resonator. A dedicated crystallographic orientation and a beam equilateral cross section have been defined with respect to the quartz trigonal symmetry, allowing the micromachining of the resonator by wet etching. A beam cross-section area of 10-2 mm2 has been chosen to ease the deposit of the multilayered mirror. First mechanical characterizations of the resonator give a resonance frequency of 3.6 MHz, with a 25 μg mass and a quality factor of 390 000. Next steps will be the coating of the low-loss mirror on the resonator and its implementation in the Fabry-Perot cavity.
2011 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control and the European Frequency and Time Forum (FCS) Proceedings, 2011
ABSTRACT a dedicated micro-resonator in a length-extension mode (LEM) has been developing for fun... more ABSTRACT a dedicated micro-resonator in a length-extension mode (LEM) has been developing for fundamental physics experiments, aiming to detect the quantum ground state of a resonator. The experiment is based on a high frequency, high quality factor and low mass micro-resonator, implemented in a high finesse Fabry-Perot cavity at cryogenic temperature. Very interesting preliminary measurements have been obtained on a 3.9 MHz, 25 µg resonator, given a 1.95 million quality factor, at room temperature and under a 5 10 -2 mbar vacuum. By its planar configuration compatible with collective etching process, this resonator should also find interesting applications in the field of ultra stable oscillator (USO) and future quartz-MEMS USO.
Applied Physics Letters, 2012
Noise and Information in Nanoelectronics, Sensors, and Standards, 2003
ABSTRACT
Noise and Fluctuations in Photonics, Quantum Optics, and Communications, 2007
ABSTRACT
Noise and Information in Nanoelectronics, Sensors, and Standards III, 2005
ABSTRACT
Frontiers in Optics 2008/Laser Science XXIV/Plasmonics and Metamaterials/Optical Fabrication and Testing, 2008
Recent progress in high-finesse optical cavities and micro-mechanical resonators allows one to re... more Recent progress in high-finesse optical cavities and micro-mechanical resonators allows one to reach a new regime in which both mechanical and optical dynamics are governed by the radiation pressure exerted by light on mirrors. This optomechanical coupling leads to the existence of fundamental quantum limits in ultrasensitive interferometric measurements, and also to very efficient cooling mechanisms of micromirrors. We experimentally study these effects by monitoring in a very high-finesse cavity the displacements of a mirror coated on a microresonator. Directs effects of intracavity radiation pressure are experimentally demonstrated: we have observed a self-cooling of the resonator induced by the intracavity radiation pressure, to effective temperature in the 10 K range. Further experimental progress and cryogenic operation may allow for quantum optics experiments and lead to the experimental observation of the quantum ground state of a mechanical resonator.
Smart Sensors, Actuators, and MEMS II, 2005
Detecting quantum fluctuations of a mechanical resonator is a long-standing goal of experimental ... more Detecting quantum fluctuations of a mechanical resonator is a long-standing goal of experimental physics. Recent progress has been focussed on high frequency (MHz to GHz) resonators inserted in a milli-Kelvin environment, with motion detection performed by single electron transistor means. Here we propose a novel experimental approach based on high-sensitivity optical monitoring of the displacement of the resonator and feedback
CLEO: 2014, 2014
ABSTRACT We investigate optomechanical effects in photonic crystal slab membranes, either includi... more ABSTRACT We investigate optomechanical effects in photonic crystal slab membranes, either including a cavity or acting as an end-mirror in a Fabry-Perot cavity. We in particular demonstrate the non-linear behavior of the membranes fundamental mode.
2007 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, 2007
Recent progress in high-finesse optical cavities and micro-mechanical resonators allows one to re... more Recent progress in high-finesse optical cavities and micro-mechanical resonators allows one to reach a new regime in which both mechanical and optical dynamics are governed by the radiation pressure exerted by light on mirrors. This optomechanical coupling leads to the existence of fundamental quantum limits in ultrasensitive interferometric measurements, and also to very efficient cooling mechanisms of micromirrors. We experimentally study these effects by monitoring in a very high-finesse cavity the displacements of a mirror coated on a microresonator. Directs effects of intracavity radiation pressure are experimentally demonstrated: we have observed a self-cooling of the resonator induced by the intracavity radiation pressure, to effective temperature in the 10 K range. Further experimental progress and cryogenic operation may allow for quantum optics experiments and lead to the experimental observation of the quantum ground state of a mechanical resonator.
International Conference on Quantum Information, 2008
ABSTRACT
Optics Letters, 2011
We have designed photonic crystal suspended membranes with optimized optical and mechanical prope... more We have designed photonic crystal suspended membranes with optimized optical and mechanical properties for cavity optomechanics. Such resonators sustain vibration modes in the megahertz range with quality factors of a few thousand. Thanks to a two-dimensional square lattice of holes, their reflectivity at normal incidence at 1064 nm reaches values as high as 95 %. These two features, combined with the very low mass of the membrane, open the way to the use of such periodic structures as deformable end-mirrors in Fabry-Perot cavities for the investigation of cavity optomechanical effects.
Physical Review Letters, 2009
Quantum effects of radiation pressure are expected to limit the sensitivity of second-generation ... more Quantum effects of radiation pressure are expected to limit the sensitivity of second-generation gravitational-wave interferometers. Though ubiquitous, such effects are so weak that they haven't been experimentally demonstrated yet. Using a high-finesse optical cavity and a classical intensity noise, we have demonstrated radiation-pressure induced correlations between two optical beams sent into the same moving mirror cavity. Our scheme can be extended down to the quantum level and has applications both in high-sensitivity measurements and in quantum optics. PACS numbers: 42.50.Wk, 05.40.Jc, 03.65.Ta Quantum effects of optomechanical coupling, the radiation-pressure coupling between a moving mirror and an incident light field, were first studied in the framework of gravitational-wave detection [1, 2, 3], enforcing quantum limits to the sensitivity of large-scale interferometers . Overcoming these limits was a major motivation for the quantum optics experiments performed shortly after, such as squeezing of the light field or quantum non demolition (QND) measurements [9, 10, 11]. Such pioneering experiments were performed with nonlinear optical media, but optomechanical coupling was soon proposed as a candidate nonlinear mechanism of its own , based upon correlations between light intensity and mirror displacement induced by radiation pressure.
Physical Review A, 2006
We study the quantum limits in an optomechanical sensor based on a detuned high-finesse cavity wi... more We study the quantum limits in an optomechanical sensor based on a detuned high-finesse cavity with a movable mirror. We show that the radiation pressure exerted on the mirror by the light in the detuned cavity induces a modification of the mirror dynamics and makes the mirror motion sensitive to the signal. This leads to an amplification of the signal by the mirror dynamics, and to an improvement of the sensor sensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit, up to an ultimate quantum limit only related to the mechanical dissipation of the mirror. This improvement is somewhat similar to the one predicted in detuned signal-recycled gravitational-waves interferometers, and makes a high-finesse cavity a model system to test these quantum effects.
New Journal of Physics, 2008
We experimentally demonstrate the high-sensitivity optical monitoring of moving micromirrors, mad... more We experimentally demonstrate the high-sensitivity optical monitoring of moving micromirrors, made of low-loss dielectric coatings upon silicon resonators of various shapes and sizes. The very high optical finesses obtained (F 30 000) have allowed us to measure the thermal noise of the micromirrors at room temperature with a shot-noise limited sensitivity at the 10 −19 m/ √ Hz level and to completely characterize their mechanical behavior, in excellent agreement with the results of a finite-element computation. Applications of such optomechanical systems range from quantum optics experiments to the experimental demonstration of the quantum ground state of a macroscopic mechanical resonator.
EPL (Europhysics Letters), 2012
Optomechanical systems close to their quantum ground state (QGS) and nonlinear nanoelectromechani... more Optomechanical systems close to their quantum ground state (QGS) and nonlinear nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) are two hot topics of current physics research. Demonstrating the QGS allows to shed new light on quantum coherent effets in meso-and macroscopic systems, whereas NEMS operated in a nonlinear regime are used either to demonstrate the underlying physics of sheer nonlinear effects or as RF amplifiers, with sensitivity improvement both at the classical or quantum noise level [9, 10]. As high-reflectivity and low mass are crucial features to improve optomechanical coupling towards the QGS, we have designed, fabricated and characterized photonic crystal (PhC) nanomembranes , at the crossroad of both topics. Here we demonstrate a number of nonlinear effects with these membranes. We first characterize the nonlinear behavior of a single mechanical mode and we demonstrate its nonlocal character by monitoring the subsequent actuation-related frequency shift of a different mode. We then proceed to study the underlying nonlinear dynamics, both by monitoring the phase-space trajectory of the free resonator and by characterizing the mechanical response in presence of a strong pump excitation. We observe in particular the frequency evolution during a ring-down oscillation decay, and the emergence of a phase conjugate mechanical response to a weaker probe actuation. Our results are crucial to understand the full nonlinear features of the PhC membranes, and possibly to look for nonlinear signatures of the quantum dynamics .
Europhysics Letters (EPL), 2005
PACS. 42.50.Lc -Quantum fluctuations, quantum noise, and quantum jumps. PACS. 03.67.Mn -Entanglem... more PACS. 42.50.Lc -Quantum fluctuations, quantum noise, and quantum jumps. PACS. 03.67.Mn -Entanglement production, characterization and manipulation. PACS. 05.40.Jc -Brownian motion.
Comptes Rendus Physique, 2011
Quantum radiation pressure noise has never been experimentally demonstrated, though it has been p... more Quantum radiation pressure noise has never been experimentally demonstrated, though it has been predicted for more than thirty years. It is, however, expected to limit the low-frequency sensitivity of second generation gravitational-wave interferometers. We have demonstrated classical radiation-pressure-induced correlations between two optical beams sent into the same high-finesse cavity with a moving mirror. Our two-beam scheme can be used to retrieve quantum noise embedded in an overwhelming classical noise, and has applications both in high-sensitivity measurements and in quantum optics.