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Papers by Richard Troiano

Research paper thumbnail of Physical Activity and Physical Fitness

American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2012

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Research paper thumbnail of A Measurement Error Model for Physical Activity Level with Application to a Physical Activity Questionnaire: 2959

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2010

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Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of overweight among preschool children in the United States

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Research paper thumbnail of Reported physical activity and sedentary behavior: why do you ask?

Journal of physical activity & health, 2012

Advances in device-based measures have led researchers to question the value of reported measures... more Advances in device-based measures have led researchers to question the value of reported measures of physical activity or sedentary behavior. The premise of the Workshop on Measurement of Active and Sedentary Behaviors: Closing the Gaps in Self-Report Methods, held in July 2010, was that assessment of behavior by self-report is a valuable approach. To provide suggestions to optimize the value of reported physical activity and sedentary behavior, we 1) discuss the constructs that devices and reports of behavior can measure, 2) develop a framework to help guide decision-making about the best approach to physical activity and sedentary behavior assessment in a given situation, and 3) address the potential for combining reported behavior methods with device-based monitoring to enhance both approaches. After participation in a workshop breakout session, coauthors summarized the ideas presented and reached consensus on the material presented here. To select appropriate physical activity a...

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Research paper thumbnail of Total daily energy expenditure among middle-aged men and women: the OPEN Study

The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2007

Few large doubly labeled water (DLW) studies have provided an objective measure of total energy e... more Few large doubly labeled water (DLW) studies have provided an objective measure of total energy expenditure (TEE) in free-living men and women. The committee that developed the 2002 Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) estimated energy requirements (EER) noted that DLW studies in adults aged 40 to 60 y were limited. We aimed to describe TEE and physical activity energy expenditure in middle-aged men and women by sex, age, menopausal status, and level of obesity, and to compare TEE to the DRI EER. TEE was measured by the DLW method in 450 men and women aged 40-69 y from the Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition Study. Resting metabolic rate was estimated by use of the Mifflin equation. Unadjusted TEE was lower in women than in men (591 kcal/d); however, when the analysis was adjusted for fat-free mass, women had significantly higher TEE than did men (182 kcal/d). This difference appeared to be due to higher physical activity levels in women (physical activity energy expenditure adjusted f...

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Research paper thumbnail of Changes in the distribution of body mass index of adults and children in the US population

International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2000

National survey data show increases in mean body mass index (BMI) and in the prevalence of overwe... more National survey data show increases in mean body mass index (BMI) and in the prevalence of overweight and obesity for adults and children in the United States, indicating a change in the distribution of BMI. To apply graphical methods to describe changes in the distribution of BMI. BMI values from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III: 1988-94) were compared with data from earlier cross-sectional nationally representative surveys for adults 20-74 y of age and for children and adolescents 6-17 y of age. Tukey mean-difference plots were used to investigate the changes in the distributions of BMI within sex-age groups. Mean-difference plots allow qualitative visual comparisons of the distributions of BMI between surveys. For all sex-age groups, there was increasing skewness with a greater shift in the upper part of the distribution so that, within each group, the heaviest subgroup was heavier in NHANES III than in prior surveys. For the youngest childre...

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Research paper thumbnail of Overweight prevalence among youth in the United States: why so many different numbers?

International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 1999

Several recent publications have presented different estimates for the prevalence of overweight a... more Several recent publications have presented different estimates for the prevalence of overweight among youth in the United States. Prevalence estimates range from 11-24%, despite describing the same results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). This paper discusses the variety and evolution of different overweight prevalence estimates. Issues of definition, measurements, criteria selection and comparison groups are considered and implications for estimates of the prevalence of overweight among youth are explored. Reference percentiles for body mass index (BMI) from several publications are compared. The differences in published estimates from NHANES III are noted and explained.

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Research paper thumbnail of Assigning metabolic equivalent values to the 2002 census occupational classification system

Journal of physical activity & health, 2011

The Current Population Survey (CPS) and the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) use the 2002 census o... more The Current Population Survey (CPS) and the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) use the 2002 census occupation system to classify workers into 509 separate occupations arranged into 22 major occupational categories. We describe the methods and rationale for assigning detailed Metabolic Equivalent (MET) estimates to occupations and present population estimates (comparing outputs generated by analysis of previously published summary MET estimates to the detailed MET estimates) of intensities of occupational activity using the 2003 ATUS data comprised of 20,720 respondents, 5323 (2917 males and 2406 females) of whom reported working 6+ hours at their primary occupation on their assigned reporting day. Analysis using the summary MET estimates resulted in 4% more workers in sedentary occupations, 6% more in light, 7% less in moderate, and 3% less in vigorous compared with using the detailed MET estimates. The detailed estimates are more sensitive to identifying individuals who do any occupat...

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Research paper thumbnail of Psychosocial predictors of energy underreporting in a large doubly labeled water study1-3

Background: Underreporting of energy intake is associated with self-reported diet measures and ap... more Background: Underreporting of energy intake is associated with self-reported diet measures and appears to be selective according to personal characteristics. Doubly labeled water is an unbiased refer- ence biomarker for energy intake that may be used to assess under- reporting. Objective: Our objective was to determine which factors are asso- ciated with underreporting of energy intake on food-frequency ques- tionnaires

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Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Overweight Among Preschool Children in the United States, 1971 Through 1994

PEDIATRICS, 1997

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Research paper thumbnail of Accelerometer Use in Physical Activity: Best Practices and Research Recommendations

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2005

Researchers are increasingly interested in the potential of accelerometers to improve our ability... more Researchers are increasingly interested in the potential of accelerometers to improve our ability to measure and understand the health impacts of physical activity. Although accelerometers have been available commercially for more than 25 yr, broad consensus about how to use these tools has not been established. At a scientific conference in December 2004, a number of scientists were invited to present papers, serve as reactors or moderators to papers, present posters of original research, or serve as members of an audience knowledgeable about the use of accelerometers. During 2 1/2 d, information about best practices of accelerometer use was presented and suggestions for future research were made. From the collective experience of papers presented and discussions held, five areas of accelerometer use were described. This paper summarizes the best practices and future research needs from those five areas: monitor selection, quality, and dependability; monitor use protocols; monitor calibration; analysis of accelerometer data; and integration with other data sources. Suggestions for reporting standards for journal articles also are presented.

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Research paper thumbnail of Consensus Measures of Physical Activity and Physical Fitness for Genome-wide Association Studies

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2010

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Research paper thumbnail of Physical Activity in the United States Measured by Accelerometer

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2008

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Research paper thumbnail of Cross-Sectional Correlation between Corrected Pedometer Step Counts and Characteristics of Metabolic Disorders in PMerican Indians: 988

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2006

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Research paper thumbnail of Active Transportation Increases Adherence to Activity Recommendations

American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2006

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Research paper thumbnail of The association between urban form and physical activity in U.S. adults

American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2002

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Research paper thumbnail of Employment and Physical Activity in the U.S

American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2011

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Research paper thumbnail of Amount of Time Spent in Sedentary Behaviors in the United States, 2003-2004

American Journal of Epidemiology, 2008

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Research paper thumbnail of Recall of Physical Activity in the Distant Past: The 32-Year Follow-up of the Prospective Population Study of Women in Goteborg, Sweden

American Journal of Epidemiology, 2004

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Research paper thumbnail of Reliability and Validity of the Past Year Total Physical Activity Questionnaire

American Journal of Epidemiology, 2006

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Physical Activity and Physical Fitness

American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2012

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of A Measurement Error Model for Physical Activity Level with Application to a Physical Activity Questionnaire: 2959

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2010

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of overweight among preschool children in the United States

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Reported physical activity and sedentary behavior: why do you ask?

Journal of physical activity & health, 2012

Advances in device-based measures have led researchers to question the value of reported measures... more Advances in device-based measures have led researchers to question the value of reported measures of physical activity or sedentary behavior. The premise of the Workshop on Measurement of Active and Sedentary Behaviors: Closing the Gaps in Self-Report Methods, held in July 2010, was that assessment of behavior by self-report is a valuable approach. To provide suggestions to optimize the value of reported physical activity and sedentary behavior, we 1) discuss the constructs that devices and reports of behavior can measure, 2) develop a framework to help guide decision-making about the best approach to physical activity and sedentary behavior assessment in a given situation, and 3) address the potential for combining reported behavior methods with device-based monitoring to enhance both approaches. After participation in a workshop breakout session, coauthors summarized the ideas presented and reached consensus on the material presented here. To select appropriate physical activity a...

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Total daily energy expenditure among middle-aged men and women: the OPEN Study

The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2007

Few large doubly labeled water (DLW) studies have provided an objective measure of total energy e... more Few large doubly labeled water (DLW) studies have provided an objective measure of total energy expenditure (TEE) in free-living men and women. The committee that developed the 2002 Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) estimated energy requirements (EER) noted that DLW studies in adults aged 40 to 60 y were limited. We aimed to describe TEE and physical activity energy expenditure in middle-aged men and women by sex, age, menopausal status, and level of obesity, and to compare TEE to the DRI EER. TEE was measured by the DLW method in 450 men and women aged 40-69 y from the Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition Study. Resting metabolic rate was estimated by use of the Mifflin equation. Unadjusted TEE was lower in women than in men (591 kcal/d); however, when the analysis was adjusted for fat-free mass, women had significantly higher TEE than did men (182 kcal/d). This difference appeared to be due to higher physical activity levels in women (physical activity energy expenditure adjusted f...

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Changes in the distribution of body mass index of adults and children in the US population

International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2000

National survey data show increases in mean body mass index (BMI) and in the prevalence of overwe... more National survey data show increases in mean body mass index (BMI) and in the prevalence of overweight and obesity for adults and children in the United States, indicating a change in the distribution of BMI. To apply graphical methods to describe changes in the distribution of BMI. BMI values from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III: 1988-94) were compared with data from earlier cross-sectional nationally representative surveys for adults 20-74 y of age and for children and adolescents 6-17 y of age. Tukey mean-difference plots were used to investigate the changes in the distributions of BMI within sex-age groups. Mean-difference plots allow qualitative visual comparisons of the distributions of BMI between surveys. For all sex-age groups, there was increasing skewness with a greater shift in the upper part of the distribution so that, within each group, the heaviest subgroup was heavier in NHANES III than in prior surveys. For the youngest childre...

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Overweight prevalence among youth in the United States: why so many different numbers?

International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 1999

Several recent publications have presented different estimates for the prevalence of overweight a... more Several recent publications have presented different estimates for the prevalence of overweight among youth in the United States. Prevalence estimates range from 11-24%, despite describing the same results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). This paper discusses the variety and evolution of different overweight prevalence estimates. Issues of definition, measurements, criteria selection and comparison groups are considered and implications for estimates of the prevalence of overweight among youth are explored. Reference percentiles for body mass index (BMI) from several publications are compared. The differences in published estimates from NHANES III are noted and explained.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Assigning metabolic equivalent values to the 2002 census occupational classification system

Journal of physical activity & health, 2011

The Current Population Survey (CPS) and the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) use the 2002 census o... more The Current Population Survey (CPS) and the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) use the 2002 census occupation system to classify workers into 509 separate occupations arranged into 22 major occupational categories. We describe the methods and rationale for assigning detailed Metabolic Equivalent (MET) estimates to occupations and present population estimates (comparing outputs generated by analysis of previously published summary MET estimates to the detailed MET estimates) of intensities of occupational activity using the 2003 ATUS data comprised of 20,720 respondents, 5323 (2917 males and 2406 females) of whom reported working 6+ hours at their primary occupation on their assigned reporting day. Analysis using the summary MET estimates resulted in 4% more workers in sedentary occupations, 6% more in light, 7% less in moderate, and 3% less in vigorous compared with using the detailed MET estimates. The detailed estimates are more sensitive to identifying individuals who do any occupat...

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Psychosocial predictors of energy underreporting in a large doubly labeled water study1-3

Background: Underreporting of energy intake is associated with self-reported diet measures and ap... more Background: Underreporting of energy intake is associated with self-reported diet measures and appears to be selective according to personal characteristics. Doubly labeled water is an unbiased refer- ence biomarker for energy intake that may be used to assess under- reporting. Objective: Our objective was to determine which factors are asso- ciated with underreporting of energy intake on food-frequency ques- tionnaires

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Overweight Among Preschool Children in the United States, 1971 Through 1994

PEDIATRICS, 1997

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Accelerometer Use in Physical Activity: Best Practices and Research Recommendations

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2005

Researchers are increasingly interested in the potential of accelerometers to improve our ability... more Researchers are increasingly interested in the potential of accelerometers to improve our ability to measure and understand the health impacts of physical activity. Although accelerometers have been available commercially for more than 25 yr, broad consensus about how to use these tools has not been established. At a scientific conference in December 2004, a number of scientists were invited to present papers, serve as reactors or moderators to papers, present posters of original research, or serve as members of an audience knowledgeable about the use of accelerometers. During 2 1/2 d, information about best practices of accelerometer use was presented and suggestions for future research were made. From the collective experience of papers presented and discussions held, five areas of accelerometer use were described. This paper summarizes the best practices and future research needs from those five areas: monitor selection, quality, and dependability; monitor use protocols; monitor calibration; analysis of accelerometer data; and integration with other data sources. Suggestions for reporting standards for journal articles also are presented.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Consensus Measures of Physical Activity and Physical Fitness for Genome-wide Association Studies

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2010

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Physical Activity in the United States Measured by Accelerometer

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2008

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Cross-Sectional Correlation between Corrected Pedometer Step Counts and Characteristics of Metabolic Disorders in PMerican Indians: 988

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2006

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Active Transportation Increases Adherence to Activity Recommendations

American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2006

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of The association between urban form and physical activity in U.S. adults

American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2002

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Employment and Physical Activity in the U.S

American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2011

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Amount of Time Spent in Sedentary Behaviors in the United States, 2003-2004

American Journal of Epidemiology, 2008

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Recall of Physical Activity in the Distant Past: The 32-Year Follow-up of the Prospective Population Study of Women in Goteborg, Sweden

American Journal of Epidemiology, 2004

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Reliability and Validity of the Past Year Total Physical Activity Questionnaire

American Journal of Epidemiology, 2006

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact