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Papers by Ts. Abu Bakar Aramjat

International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Jul 4, 2019

International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, 2019

Stoneware especially tableware is manufactured by mixing the clay, quartz and flux such as feldsp... more Stoneware especially tableware is manufactured by mixing the clay, quartz and flux such as feldspar. Thus, the aim of this work is to investigate the possibility of two alternative fluxing agents namely; soda-lime-silica glass (SLS), and borax decahydrate (BD) on characterization, and physico-mechanical properties of stoneware to demonstrate its suitability for tableware production. SLS and BD are incorporated into stoneware at the dosage of 5 %, and 10 % by weight, respectively. The sample was performed by uniaxial pressing (40 MPa) sintered at 1000, 1050, 1100, and 1150°C (2 hours soaking time) to establish minimum sintering temperature. Bulk density, water absorption, and modulus of rupture (MOR) were measured for each sample. Characterization of XRF, XRD, and SEM was carried out and discussed. Results indicated SLS, BD showed higher physico-mechanical properties and vitrified at 1050-1100°C, lower than normal temperature applied for stoneware (1150°C). Consequently, it was deter...

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

Stoneware is vitrified, has less porosity and requires high sintering temperature. The influent o... more Stoneware is vitrified, has less porosity and requires high sintering temperature. The influent of borax decahydrate composition at sintering temperature 1050°C and 1150°C on the thermal analysis, fracture surface, linear shrinkage, water absorption and modular of rapture (MOR) were investigated. Rectangular sample were produced by uniaxially pressing at 40MPa. The thermal behavior was determined by thermogravimetric and different thermal analysis (TGA-DTA). The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for fracture surface analysis. The water absorption (%) of the sample were determined using Archimedes' method. The experimental result showed that content of borax decahydrate have influent the properties of stoneware bodies.

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

Stoneware is vitrified, has less porosity and requires high sintering temperature. The influent o... more Stoneware is vitrified, has less porosity and requires high sintering temperature. The influent of borax decahydrate composition at sintering temperature 1050°C and 1150°C on the thermal analysis, fracture surface, linear shrinkage, water absorption and modular of rapture (MOR) were investigated. Rectangular sample were produced by uniaxially pressing at 40MPa. The thermal behavior was determined by thermogravimetric and different thermal analysis (TGA-DTA). The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for fracture surface analysis. The water absorption (%) of the sample were determined using Archimedes' method. The experimental result showed that content of borax decahydrate have influent the properties of stoneware bodies.

Materials Science Forum, 2017

Materials Science Forum, 2017

Riyom clay sample was investigated and have porosity of 18.6 %, firing shrinkage of 7.8 %, bulk d... more Riyom clay sample was investigated and have porosity of 18.6 %, firing shrinkage of 7.8 %, bulk density 2.2 g/cm3 and cold crushing strength. Chemical composition was analyzed using the XRF. The refractoriness of the fireclay was 1621 °C. The thermal shock resistance was up to 25 cycles. The apparent porosity fell within the standard value of 10-30 % for refractory fireclay bricks. The investigation proved that the Riyom clay deposit belong to the alumino-silicate group of bricks. The clay is therefore, suitable for production of refractory bricks for furnace lining.

International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2016

This research emphasized on the influence of sintering temperatures on the microstructure and phy... more This research emphasized on the influence of sintering temperatures on the microstructure and physico-mechanical properties of Kpata fireclay brick and Qua'an Panfireclay brick were assessed for suitability and application as refractory bricks. The clay samples were sintered at varied temperatures of 900 0 C, 1000 0 C, 1100 0 C and 1200 0 C. The clay samples were subjected to X-ray diffractometer to analyze the phase transformation after being sintered. The XRD results indicated the finger prints of the phase changes inthe Kpata and Qua'an Pan fireclay bricks.At the best sintering temperature of 1200 0 C, phase changes were quartz, mullite, rutile, corundum and cristobalite phases, while Qua'an Panfireclay brick had phase changes of quartz, cristobalite and mullite. SEManalysiswas carried out to observe the surface morphology.The refractoriness of Kpata and Qua'an Pan bricks were 1621 0 C and 1564 0 C respectively. Their cold crushing strength and apparent porosity were investigated. Keyword-SinteringTemperatures, Phase Transformation, Fireclay Brick, Refractoriness. I. INTRODUCTION The up surge application and request for refractory bricks had motivated this research to investigate the raw clay materials used for production of refractory bricks. The raw clay materials were subjected to standard refractory fireclay brick tests requirement through the tests procedures for chemical, thermal, physical and mechanical properties [1]. Clay as a raw material varied considerably in terms of workability, structure, particle-size distribution, plasticity and mineralogical composition. These differences paved way for clays being categorized or classified into plastic clays, flint clays, kaolin clays, fireclays and ball clays [2]. In the refractory industries, they are grouped and referred to as illite, Montmorillonite and kaolinite [3]. Refractories are clay materials that are generally capable of enduring very high temperatures without deformation, structural changes or softening [4]. The type of refractories is determined by the type of refractory requirement for a specific purpose. The types are classified as acid, basic and neutral refractories [5]. Traditionally these clay materials containAl 2 O 3 .SiO 2 .H 2 O to produce alumino-silicates refractory fireclay bricks. They are further classified by temperature. When the temperature is between 1500-1700 0 C, it is branded as refractory e.g. fireclay.The temperaturebetween 1700-2000 0 Cis recognized as high refractory e.g. chromite. When thetemperature is 2000 0 C, it is referred to as super refractory e.g. zircon[5].The applications of refractories are employed in the construction of furnaceslinings, ladles, reactors, ovens and kiln [6]. This disposition proved that the raw clay material is a fireclay and belongs to the alumino-silicate subgroup. The uses for fireclay refractory brick comprise of porous refractory insulation behind furnace linings, refractory fireclay bricks and ladles [7].Refractories are frequently consumed basically in the iron and steel industries [8]. Contamination of refractories clays are usually with limited amount of impurity as contained in the oxides which are CaO

International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Jul 4, 2019

International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, 2019

Stoneware especially tableware is manufactured by mixing the clay, quartz and flux such as feldsp... more Stoneware especially tableware is manufactured by mixing the clay, quartz and flux such as feldspar. Thus, the aim of this work is to investigate the possibility of two alternative fluxing agents namely; soda-lime-silica glass (SLS), and borax decahydrate (BD) on characterization, and physico-mechanical properties of stoneware to demonstrate its suitability for tableware production. SLS and BD are incorporated into stoneware at the dosage of 5 %, and 10 % by weight, respectively. The sample was performed by uniaxial pressing (40 MPa) sintered at 1000, 1050, 1100, and 1150°C (2 hours soaking time) to establish minimum sintering temperature. Bulk density, water absorption, and modulus of rupture (MOR) were measured for each sample. Characterization of XRF, XRD, and SEM was carried out and discussed. Results indicated SLS, BD showed higher physico-mechanical properties and vitrified at 1050-1100°C, lower than normal temperature applied for stoneware (1150°C). Consequently, it was deter...

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

Stoneware is vitrified, has less porosity and requires high sintering temperature. The influent o... more Stoneware is vitrified, has less porosity and requires high sintering temperature. The influent of borax decahydrate composition at sintering temperature 1050°C and 1150°C on the thermal analysis, fracture surface, linear shrinkage, water absorption and modular of rapture (MOR) were investigated. Rectangular sample were produced by uniaxially pressing at 40MPa. The thermal behavior was determined by thermogravimetric and different thermal analysis (TGA-DTA). The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for fracture surface analysis. The water absorption (%) of the sample were determined using Archimedes' method. The experimental result showed that content of borax decahydrate have influent the properties of stoneware bodies.

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

Stoneware is vitrified, has less porosity and requires high sintering temperature. The influent o... more Stoneware is vitrified, has less porosity and requires high sintering temperature. The influent of borax decahydrate composition at sintering temperature 1050°C and 1150°C on the thermal analysis, fracture surface, linear shrinkage, water absorption and modular of rapture (MOR) were investigated. Rectangular sample were produced by uniaxially pressing at 40MPa. The thermal behavior was determined by thermogravimetric and different thermal analysis (TGA-DTA). The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for fracture surface analysis. The water absorption (%) of the sample were determined using Archimedes' method. The experimental result showed that content of borax decahydrate have influent the properties of stoneware bodies.

Materials Science Forum, 2017

Materials Science Forum, 2017

Riyom clay sample was investigated and have porosity of 18.6 %, firing shrinkage of 7.8 %, bulk d... more Riyom clay sample was investigated and have porosity of 18.6 %, firing shrinkage of 7.8 %, bulk density 2.2 g/cm3 and cold crushing strength. Chemical composition was analyzed using the XRF. The refractoriness of the fireclay was 1621 °C. The thermal shock resistance was up to 25 cycles. The apparent porosity fell within the standard value of 10-30 % for refractory fireclay bricks. The investigation proved that the Riyom clay deposit belong to the alumino-silicate group of bricks. The clay is therefore, suitable for production of refractory bricks for furnace lining.

International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2016

This research emphasized on the influence of sintering temperatures on the microstructure and phy... more This research emphasized on the influence of sintering temperatures on the microstructure and physico-mechanical properties of Kpata fireclay brick and Qua'an Panfireclay brick were assessed for suitability and application as refractory bricks. The clay samples were sintered at varied temperatures of 900 0 C, 1000 0 C, 1100 0 C and 1200 0 C. The clay samples were subjected to X-ray diffractometer to analyze the phase transformation after being sintered. The XRD results indicated the finger prints of the phase changes inthe Kpata and Qua'an Pan fireclay bricks.At the best sintering temperature of 1200 0 C, phase changes were quartz, mullite, rutile, corundum and cristobalite phases, while Qua'an Panfireclay brick had phase changes of quartz, cristobalite and mullite. SEManalysiswas carried out to observe the surface morphology.The refractoriness of Kpata and Qua'an Pan bricks were 1621 0 C and 1564 0 C respectively. Their cold crushing strength and apparent porosity were investigated. Keyword-SinteringTemperatures, Phase Transformation, Fireclay Brick, Refractoriness. I. INTRODUCTION The up surge application and request for refractory bricks had motivated this research to investigate the raw clay materials used for production of refractory bricks. The raw clay materials were subjected to standard refractory fireclay brick tests requirement through the tests procedures for chemical, thermal, physical and mechanical properties [1]. Clay as a raw material varied considerably in terms of workability, structure, particle-size distribution, plasticity and mineralogical composition. These differences paved way for clays being categorized or classified into plastic clays, flint clays, kaolin clays, fireclays and ball clays [2]. In the refractory industries, they are grouped and referred to as illite, Montmorillonite and kaolinite [3]. Refractories are clay materials that are generally capable of enduring very high temperatures without deformation, structural changes or softening [4]. The type of refractories is determined by the type of refractory requirement for a specific purpose. The types are classified as acid, basic and neutral refractories [5]. Traditionally these clay materials containAl 2 O 3 .SiO 2 .H 2 O to produce alumino-silicates refractory fireclay bricks. They are further classified by temperature. When the temperature is between 1500-1700 0 C, it is branded as refractory e.g. fireclay.The temperaturebetween 1700-2000 0 Cis recognized as high refractory e.g. chromite. When thetemperature is 2000 0 C, it is referred to as super refractory e.g. zircon[5].The applications of refractories are employed in the construction of furnaceslinings, ladles, reactors, ovens and kiln [6]. This disposition proved that the raw clay material is a fireclay and belongs to the alumino-silicate subgroup. The uses for fireclay refractory brick comprise of porous refractory insulation behind furnace linings, refractory fireclay bricks and ladles [7].Refractories are frequently consumed basically in the iron and steel industries [8]. Contamination of refractories clays are usually with limited amount of impurity as contained in the oxides which are CaO