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Papers by Tugba Pala
Ege Academic Review, Oct 1, 2016
Ege Academic Review, Sep 16, 2020
The "tip" phenomenon attracts the attention of various disciplines such as economics, sociology a... more The "tip" phenomenon attracts the attention of various disciplines such as economics, sociology and psychology while it is a voluntary payment added on the service fee. A vast majority of the research on tipping examine the tipping behavior and motivation of the customers in the light of customer responses. There is a limited number of studies examining the "tip" phenomenon from an employee perspective. The aim of this study is to determine the tipping perceptions and beliefs of the employees who communicate face-to-face with customers and work in the hotel industry in Turkey. Our study reveals the meaning of tipping for hotel employees, the dynamics that determine the customers' tipping behavior and the strategies that employees use to get a tip, considering the experience of the employees who worked/are working in a five-star hotel.
Tourism & Management Studies, Apr 30, 2022
Transformative tourism experiences result in long-term changes in attitudes and behavior. Althoug... more Transformative tourism experiences result in long-term changes in attitudes and behavior. Although research on transformative tourism has flourished in recent years, there is still a limited number of studies that investigate the travelers' experiences to examine the impact of travel on one's attitudes and behaviors. This exploratory study seeks to identify factors affecting transformative travel experiences to emerge. A typology of travel transformations is also offered based on a qualitative case study conducted on Turkish travelers. As a result of thematic content analysis of in-depth interviews with 30 travelers, the main themes affecting travel transformations emerged as tripograhic, personal and destination-based determinants, whereas the types of transformations were classified under behavioral, attitudinal, and personality changes. If tourist transformations could be understood better, this might result in better promotion of travel as a leisure activity not just at the individual level but at the policy level. Destinations, tour operators, and other hospitality organizations would position their product in a potentially more transformative way if they know the causes and outcomes of travel-related transformations.
Anatolia turizm ve çevre kültürü dergisi, Jun 1, 2018
nulması, çalışan ile müşteri arasındaki iletişimin niteliğine bağlıdır. Bu iletişimde çalışanlar ... more nulması, çalışan ile müşteri arasındaki iletişimin niteliğine bağlıdır. Bu iletişimde çalışanlar duygularını düzenleyerek müşterilere güler yüz gösterme ve nazik olmakta ya da bazı olumsuz duygularını gizleyerek işletmelerinin istediği şekilde davranmaktadırlar. İletişimsel bir icra olan duygusal emeğin müşteriye yansıtılma şekli, hizmet sunumunda büyük önem taşımaktadır (Chu ve Murmann 2006).
Journal of global strategic management, Dec 15, 2016
The purpose of this research is to examine two dimensions of emotional labor (jobfocused and empl... more The purpose of this research is to examine two dimensions of emotional labor (jobfocused and employee focused emotional labor) as the predictors of burnout in the hospitality industry. More specifically, the study investigated whether employee-focused emotional labor contributed uniquely to the prediction of burnout beyond the job-focused emotional labor. The data were collected from 236 hospitality management students in a southern university in Turkey. Employee-focused emotional labor contributed uniquely to the prediction only for emotional exhaustion dimension of burnout beyond the jobfocused emotional labor. Deep acting was significantly related to emotional exhaustion. Contrary to previous study findings, employee-focused emotional labor dimension of surface acting was not related to any burnout dimensions. The study findings suggest essential recommendations for researchers and industry managers.
Bu calismanin amaci, otel isletmelerinde calisanlarin duygusal emek duzeylerini ve duygusal emek ... more Bu calismanin amaci, otel isletmelerinde calisanlarin duygusal emek duzeylerini ve duygusal emek boyutlarini belirlemek ve duygusal emegin calisanlarin tutumlari uzerinde etkilerini arastirmaktir. Bu arastirma, Mugla ilinin ilcelerinde (Bodrum, Datca ve Marmaris) faaliyet gosteren 5 yildizli, 5 otel isletmesinde calisan, 174 otel calisandan toplanan veriler ile gerceklestirilmistir. Turizm isletmeleri duygusal emek olcegiyle (Chu ve Murrmann, 2006), toplanan verilere yapilan faktor analizi sonucunda, duygusal emegi olusturan boyutlar; (1) derin davranis ve (2) yuzeysel davranis olarak bulunmustur. Dogrulayici faktor analizi, derin davranis ve yuzeysel davranis olarak isimlendirilen iki faktorlu yapiyi desteklemektedir. Ayrica, bu calismada, duygusal emek boyutlarinin is tatmini ve iste kalma niyeti uzerine etkileri incelenmistir. Otel isletmelerinde derin davranis sergileyen calisanlarin is tatmini ve iste kalma niyetleri artarken, yuzeysel davranis sergileyen calisanlarin is tatminin azaldigi gorulmektedir. Bulgular, hizmet sektorunde calisan yoneticiler icin; calisanlarin ise alimi, ise uyumu, is tatminlerinin ve iste kalma niyetlerinin arttirilabilmesi acisindan onemlidir.
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Aug 25, 2022
Ege Akademik Bakis (Ege Academic Review), 2020
The "tip" phenomenon attracts the attention of various disciplines such as economics, sociology a... more The "tip" phenomenon attracts the attention of various disciplines such as economics, sociology and psychology while it is a voluntary payment added on the service fee. A vast majority of the research on tipping examine the tipping behavior and motivation of the customers in the light of customer responses. There is a limited number of studies examining the "tip" phenomenon from an employee perspective. The aim of this study is to determine the tipping perceptions and beliefs of the employees who communicate face-to-face with customers and work in the hotel industry in Turkey. Our study reveals the meaning of tipping for hotel employees, the dynamics that determine the customers' tipping behavior and the strategies that employees use to get a tip, considering the experience of the employees who worked/are working in a five-star hotel.
Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2016
Bu çalışmanın amacı, İzmir'de bulunan butik hizmet veren konaklama işletmelerinden hareketle Türk... more Bu çalışmanın amacı, İzmir'de bulunan butik hizmet veren konaklama işletmelerinden hareketle Türkiye'de butik otel kavramının tanım ve özelliklerini, örgüt yapılarını, yönetim anlayışlarını ve kuruluş aşamasında karşılaşılan zorlukları belirlemeye çalışmaktır. Bu doğrultuda İzmir'de faaliyet gösteren 18 butik hizmet sunan küçük konaklama işletme sahibi/yöneticisi ile yüz yüze mülakat tekniği ile görüşülmüş, elde edilen veriler içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Otel sahipleriyle/yöneticileriyle görüşülmesinin nedeni, butik otel kavramı ile ilgili algılarının sektör ve yönetim tecrübelerinden faydalanılarak tespit edilmek istenmesidir. Bu çalışma, Bakanlık butik otel tanımının tekrar gözden geçirilmesi gerekliliğine vurgu yapması açısından önem taşımaktadır. Ayrıca butik otel işletmelerini merkeze alan bu araştırma yönetim ve turizm literatürüne katkı sağlayacaktır.
Journal of Economy Culture and Society
Transformation through travel is attracting scholarly attention due to its potential to trigger a... more Transformation through travel is attracting scholarly attention due to its potential to trigger a radical transformation extending beyond the traveler's unique experience during the trip of a lifetime. As one of the most common ways of encountering the different, tourism can enable people to become aware of their hidden assumptions and make volitional decisions about them, resulting in a transformation. This study aims to understand how transformation takes place through touristic experience, based on Mezirow's learning theory. To do this, the movie The Way (Emilio Estevez, 2010), which depicts the relationship between touristic experience and the transformation of the individual in an artistically powerful manner, was utilized. To analyze the document that constitutes the data source of the research study, a narrative analysis, and a qualitative research design, was followed. The results of the narrative analysis demonstrated that the representations in the movie coincide strongly with the literature on transformation through travel. It showed that transformation begins with the traveler's questioning of self or the perceived world, and that the various difficulties experienced, encounters with the different, and going out of one's comfort zone and habits facilitate transformation through travel. It was also concluded that the authenticity of the touristic experience strengthens its transformative aspect. Thus, the study proposes that in order to strengthen the transformative aspect of the touristic experience, tourists should be offered touristic products and services that contain transformative experiences whose authenticity is preserved.
Journal of Economy Culture and Society, 2023
Transformation through travel is attracting scholarly attention due to its potential to trigger a... more Transformation through travel is attracting scholarly attention due to its potential to trigger a radical transformation extending beyond the traveler's unique experience during the trip of a lifetime. As one of the most common ways of encountering the different, tourism can enable people to become aware of their hidden assumptions and make volitional decisions about them, resulting in a transformation. This study aims to understand how transformation takes place through touristic experience, based on Mezirow's learning theory. To do this, the movie The Way (Emilio Estevez, 2010), which depicts the relationship between touristic experience and the transformation of the individual in an artistically powerful manner, was utilized. To analyze the document that constitutes the data source of the research study, a narrative analysis, and a qualitative research design, was followed. The results of the narrative analysis demonstrated that the representations in the movie coincide strongly with the literature on transformation through travel. It showed that transformation begins with the traveler's questioning of self or the perceived world, and that the various difficulties experienced, encounters with the different, and going out of one's comfort zone and habits facilitate transformation through travel. It was also concluded that the authenticity of the touristic experience strengthens its transformative aspect. Thus, the study proposes that in order to strengthen the transformative aspect of the touristic experience, tourists should be offered touristic products and services that contain transformative experiences whose authenticity is preserved.
Tourism and hospitality management
Purpose – This study aims to better understand the phenomenon of travel itch by revealing the tra... more Purpose – This study aims to better understand the phenomenon of travel itch by revealing the travel motives and travel attributes of “travel itchers” within the framework of motivational theories. Design/methodology/approach – This is an exploratory study. An online questionnaire was used to collect data from individuals who have first-hand experience of travel itch (N: 30). Data were analysed using content analysis within the framework of motivational theories. Findings – This exploratory study finds that travel itch means a desire to travel and findings revealed that the motives of travel itchers are novelty, escape, host-site involvement, self-actualization, stimulation in line with the Travel Career Pattern (TCP) except travel itself. Travel itself is both one of the main motives and coping methods that distinguish those from other travellers. For coping methods, itchers do travel-related activities apart from travel itself. Nonetheless, travel itch is a recurrent cycle even af...
İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 2020
Valley splitting is a key figure of silicon-based spin qubits. Quantum dots in Si/SiGe heterostru... more Valley splitting is a key figure of silicon-based spin qubits. Quantum dots in Si/SiGe heterostructures reportedly suffer from a relatively low valley splitting, limiting the operation temperature and the scalability of such qubit devices. Here, we demonstrate a robust and large valley splitting exceeding 200 µeV in a gate-defined single quantum dot, hosted in molecular-beam epitaxy-grown 28 Si/SiGe. The valley splitting is monotonically and reproducibly tunable up to 15 % by gate voltages, originating from a 6 nm lateral displacement of the quantum dot. We observe static spin relaxation times T1 > 1 s at low magnetic fields in our device containing an integrated nanomagnet. At higher magnetic fields, T1 is limited by the valley hotspot and by phonon noise coupling to intrinsic and artificial spin-orbit coupling, including phonon bottlenecking.
Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2018
nulması, çalışan ile müşteri arasındaki iletişimin niteliğine bağlıdır. Bu iletişimde çalışanlar ... more nulması, çalışan ile müşteri arasındaki iletişimin niteliğine bağlıdır. Bu iletişimde çalışanlar duygularını düzenleyerek müşterilere güler yüz gösterme ve nazik olmakta ya da bazı olumsuz duygularını gizleyerek işletmelerinin istediği şekilde davranmaktadırlar. İletişimsel bir icra olan duygusal emeğin müşteriye yansıtılma şekli, hizmet sunumunda büyük önem taşımaktadır (Chu ve Murmann 2006).
Journal of Global Strategic Management, 2016
The purpose of this research is to examine two dimension s of emotional labor (jobfocused and emp... more The purpose of this research is to examine two dimension s of emotional labor (jobfocused and employee focused emotional labor) as the predictors of burnout in the hospitality industry. More specifically, the study investigated whether employee-focused emotional labor contributed uniquely to the prediction of burnout beyond the job-focused emotional labor. The data were collected from 236 hospitality management students in a southern university in Turkey. Employee-focused emotional labor contributed uniquely to the prediction only for emotional exhaustion dimension of burnout beyond the jobfocused emotional labor. Deep acting was significantly related to emotional exhaustion. Contrary to previous study findings , employee-focused emotional labor dimension of surface acting was not related to any burnout dimensions. The study findings suggest essential recommendations for researchers and industry managers.
Tourism & Management Studies
Transformative tourism experiences result in long-term changes in attitudes and behavior. Althoug... more Transformative tourism experiences result in long-term changes in attitudes and behavior. Although research on transformative tourism has flourished in recent years, there is still a limited number of studies that investigate the travelers' experiences to examine the impact of travel on one's attitudes and behaviors. This exploratory study seeks to identify factors affecting transformative travel experiences to emerge. A typology of travel transformations is also offered based on a qualitative case study conducted on Turkish travelers. As a result of thematic content analysis of in-depth interviews with 30 travelers, the main themes affecting travel transformations emerged as tripograhic, personal and destination-based determinants, whereas the types of transformations were classified under behavioral, attitudinal, and personality changes. If tourist transformations could be understood better, this might result in better promotion of travel as a leisure activity not just at ...
Encyclopedia of Tourism Management and Marketing, 2022
Bu calismanin amaci; “duygusal emek” olgusunu olcmeye yonelik Turkiye’deki hizmet sektoru calisma... more Bu calismanin amaci; “duygusal emek” olgusunu olcmeye yonelik Turkiye’deki hizmet sektoru calisma kosullarina uygun bir olcek gelistirmektir. Madde havuzu olusturulmasi, kapsam gecerliligi, uygulama, yapi gecerliligi ve olcek guvenilirligi hesaplamasi asamalarindan olusan calismanin, duygusal emek konusu ile ilgili calisan arastirmacilara katki saglamasi umulmaktadir. Calisma kapsaminda gerceklestirilen uygulama ve analiz sonuclarinda; yuzeysel davranis, duygularin bastirilmasi ve derin davranis olmak uzere uc boyuttan olusan bir duygusal emek olcegine ulasilmistir
Ege Akademik Bakis (Ege Academic Review), 2016
The aim of this study is to develop a scale appropriate to the working conditions of the service ... more The aim of this study is to develop a scale appropriate to the working conditions of the service industry in Turkey to measure the phenomenon of "emotional labor. " It is hoped that the study that constitutes the stages of building an item pool, content validity, application, construct validity and calculation of the reliability of scale will contribute to researchers working on emotional labor. As a result of the applications and analysis conducted based on this study an emotional labor scale that consists of three dimensions-surface acting, suppression, deep acting-is achieved.
İzmir Journal of Economics, 2020
The aim of this study is to adapt the scale of “thriving at work” into Turkish, which is develope... more The aim of this study is to adapt the scale of “thriving at work” into Turkish, which is developed by Porath et al. (2012) in order to measure the thriving at work phenomenon and which includes vitality and learning dimensions. For this purpose, 455 questionnaires were collected from three different sample groups (academicians, tourism workers and teachers). In order to ensure the language validity of the scale items, in the first stage, all items were translated from English to Turkish by 5 academicians, in the next stage, these items were translated from Turkish to English by five different academicians with bilingual experts. Reliability and validity analyzes were applied to the language validated scale. According to the results of exploratory factor analysis for construct validity, it was found that the total explained variance is %57,943 and items were grouped under two factors in accordance with its original structure called as learning and vitality. Model fit of the structure...
Ege Academic Review, Oct 1, 2016
Ege Academic Review, Sep 16, 2020
The "tip" phenomenon attracts the attention of various disciplines such as economics, sociology a... more The "tip" phenomenon attracts the attention of various disciplines such as economics, sociology and psychology while it is a voluntary payment added on the service fee. A vast majority of the research on tipping examine the tipping behavior and motivation of the customers in the light of customer responses. There is a limited number of studies examining the "tip" phenomenon from an employee perspective. The aim of this study is to determine the tipping perceptions and beliefs of the employees who communicate face-to-face with customers and work in the hotel industry in Turkey. Our study reveals the meaning of tipping for hotel employees, the dynamics that determine the customers' tipping behavior and the strategies that employees use to get a tip, considering the experience of the employees who worked/are working in a five-star hotel.
Tourism & Management Studies, Apr 30, 2022
Transformative tourism experiences result in long-term changes in attitudes and behavior. Althoug... more Transformative tourism experiences result in long-term changes in attitudes and behavior. Although research on transformative tourism has flourished in recent years, there is still a limited number of studies that investigate the travelers' experiences to examine the impact of travel on one's attitudes and behaviors. This exploratory study seeks to identify factors affecting transformative travel experiences to emerge. A typology of travel transformations is also offered based on a qualitative case study conducted on Turkish travelers. As a result of thematic content analysis of in-depth interviews with 30 travelers, the main themes affecting travel transformations emerged as tripograhic, personal and destination-based determinants, whereas the types of transformations were classified under behavioral, attitudinal, and personality changes. If tourist transformations could be understood better, this might result in better promotion of travel as a leisure activity not just at the individual level but at the policy level. Destinations, tour operators, and other hospitality organizations would position their product in a potentially more transformative way if they know the causes and outcomes of travel-related transformations.
Anatolia turizm ve çevre kültürü dergisi, Jun 1, 2018
nulması, çalışan ile müşteri arasındaki iletişimin niteliğine bağlıdır. Bu iletişimde çalışanlar ... more nulması, çalışan ile müşteri arasındaki iletişimin niteliğine bağlıdır. Bu iletişimde çalışanlar duygularını düzenleyerek müşterilere güler yüz gösterme ve nazik olmakta ya da bazı olumsuz duygularını gizleyerek işletmelerinin istediği şekilde davranmaktadırlar. İletişimsel bir icra olan duygusal emeğin müşteriye yansıtılma şekli, hizmet sunumunda büyük önem taşımaktadır (Chu ve Murmann 2006).
Journal of global strategic management, Dec 15, 2016
The purpose of this research is to examine two dimensions of emotional labor (jobfocused and empl... more The purpose of this research is to examine two dimensions of emotional labor (jobfocused and employee focused emotional labor) as the predictors of burnout in the hospitality industry. More specifically, the study investigated whether employee-focused emotional labor contributed uniquely to the prediction of burnout beyond the job-focused emotional labor. The data were collected from 236 hospitality management students in a southern university in Turkey. Employee-focused emotional labor contributed uniquely to the prediction only for emotional exhaustion dimension of burnout beyond the jobfocused emotional labor. Deep acting was significantly related to emotional exhaustion. Contrary to previous study findings, employee-focused emotional labor dimension of surface acting was not related to any burnout dimensions. The study findings suggest essential recommendations for researchers and industry managers.
Bu calismanin amaci, otel isletmelerinde calisanlarin duygusal emek duzeylerini ve duygusal emek ... more Bu calismanin amaci, otel isletmelerinde calisanlarin duygusal emek duzeylerini ve duygusal emek boyutlarini belirlemek ve duygusal emegin calisanlarin tutumlari uzerinde etkilerini arastirmaktir. Bu arastirma, Mugla ilinin ilcelerinde (Bodrum, Datca ve Marmaris) faaliyet gosteren 5 yildizli, 5 otel isletmesinde calisan, 174 otel calisandan toplanan veriler ile gerceklestirilmistir. Turizm isletmeleri duygusal emek olcegiyle (Chu ve Murrmann, 2006), toplanan verilere yapilan faktor analizi sonucunda, duygusal emegi olusturan boyutlar; (1) derin davranis ve (2) yuzeysel davranis olarak bulunmustur. Dogrulayici faktor analizi, derin davranis ve yuzeysel davranis olarak isimlendirilen iki faktorlu yapiyi desteklemektedir. Ayrica, bu calismada, duygusal emek boyutlarinin is tatmini ve iste kalma niyeti uzerine etkileri incelenmistir. Otel isletmelerinde derin davranis sergileyen calisanlarin is tatmini ve iste kalma niyetleri artarken, yuzeysel davranis sergileyen calisanlarin is tatminin azaldigi gorulmektedir. Bulgular, hizmet sektorunde calisan yoneticiler icin; calisanlarin ise alimi, ise uyumu, is tatminlerinin ve iste kalma niyetlerinin arttirilabilmesi acisindan onemlidir.
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Aug 25, 2022
Ege Akademik Bakis (Ege Academic Review), 2020
The "tip" phenomenon attracts the attention of various disciplines such as economics, sociology a... more The "tip" phenomenon attracts the attention of various disciplines such as economics, sociology and psychology while it is a voluntary payment added on the service fee. A vast majority of the research on tipping examine the tipping behavior and motivation of the customers in the light of customer responses. There is a limited number of studies examining the "tip" phenomenon from an employee perspective. The aim of this study is to determine the tipping perceptions and beliefs of the employees who communicate face-to-face with customers and work in the hotel industry in Turkey. Our study reveals the meaning of tipping for hotel employees, the dynamics that determine the customers' tipping behavior and the strategies that employees use to get a tip, considering the experience of the employees who worked/are working in a five-star hotel.
Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2016
Bu çalışmanın amacı, İzmir'de bulunan butik hizmet veren konaklama işletmelerinden hareketle Türk... more Bu çalışmanın amacı, İzmir'de bulunan butik hizmet veren konaklama işletmelerinden hareketle Türkiye'de butik otel kavramının tanım ve özelliklerini, örgüt yapılarını, yönetim anlayışlarını ve kuruluş aşamasında karşılaşılan zorlukları belirlemeye çalışmaktır. Bu doğrultuda İzmir'de faaliyet gösteren 18 butik hizmet sunan küçük konaklama işletme sahibi/yöneticisi ile yüz yüze mülakat tekniği ile görüşülmüş, elde edilen veriler içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Otel sahipleriyle/yöneticileriyle görüşülmesinin nedeni, butik otel kavramı ile ilgili algılarının sektör ve yönetim tecrübelerinden faydalanılarak tespit edilmek istenmesidir. Bu çalışma, Bakanlık butik otel tanımının tekrar gözden geçirilmesi gerekliliğine vurgu yapması açısından önem taşımaktadır. Ayrıca butik otel işletmelerini merkeze alan bu araştırma yönetim ve turizm literatürüne katkı sağlayacaktır.
Journal of Economy Culture and Society
Transformation through travel is attracting scholarly attention due to its potential to trigger a... more Transformation through travel is attracting scholarly attention due to its potential to trigger a radical transformation extending beyond the traveler's unique experience during the trip of a lifetime. As one of the most common ways of encountering the different, tourism can enable people to become aware of their hidden assumptions and make volitional decisions about them, resulting in a transformation. This study aims to understand how transformation takes place through touristic experience, based on Mezirow's learning theory. To do this, the movie The Way (Emilio Estevez, 2010), which depicts the relationship between touristic experience and the transformation of the individual in an artistically powerful manner, was utilized. To analyze the document that constitutes the data source of the research study, a narrative analysis, and a qualitative research design, was followed. The results of the narrative analysis demonstrated that the representations in the movie coincide strongly with the literature on transformation through travel. It showed that transformation begins with the traveler's questioning of self or the perceived world, and that the various difficulties experienced, encounters with the different, and going out of one's comfort zone and habits facilitate transformation through travel. It was also concluded that the authenticity of the touristic experience strengthens its transformative aspect. Thus, the study proposes that in order to strengthen the transformative aspect of the touristic experience, tourists should be offered touristic products and services that contain transformative experiences whose authenticity is preserved.
Journal of Economy Culture and Society, 2023
Transformation through travel is attracting scholarly attention due to its potential to trigger a... more Transformation through travel is attracting scholarly attention due to its potential to trigger a radical transformation extending beyond the traveler's unique experience during the trip of a lifetime. As one of the most common ways of encountering the different, tourism can enable people to become aware of their hidden assumptions and make volitional decisions about them, resulting in a transformation. This study aims to understand how transformation takes place through touristic experience, based on Mezirow's learning theory. To do this, the movie The Way (Emilio Estevez, 2010), which depicts the relationship between touristic experience and the transformation of the individual in an artistically powerful manner, was utilized. To analyze the document that constitutes the data source of the research study, a narrative analysis, and a qualitative research design, was followed. The results of the narrative analysis demonstrated that the representations in the movie coincide strongly with the literature on transformation through travel. It showed that transformation begins with the traveler's questioning of self or the perceived world, and that the various difficulties experienced, encounters with the different, and going out of one's comfort zone and habits facilitate transformation through travel. It was also concluded that the authenticity of the touristic experience strengthens its transformative aspect. Thus, the study proposes that in order to strengthen the transformative aspect of the touristic experience, tourists should be offered touristic products and services that contain transformative experiences whose authenticity is preserved.
Tourism and hospitality management
Purpose – This study aims to better understand the phenomenon of travel itch by revealing the tra... more Purpose – This study aims to better understand the phenomenon of travel itch by revealing the travel motives and travel attributes of “travel itchers” within the framework of motivational theories. Design/methodology/approach – This is an exploratory study. An online questionnaire was used to collect data from individuals who have first-hand experience of travel itch (N: 30). Data were analysed using content analysis within the framework of motivational theories. Findings – This exploratory study finds that travel itch means a desire to travel and findings revealed that the motives of travel itchers are novelty, escape, host-site involvement, self-actualization, stimulation in line with the Travel Career Pattern (TCP) except travel itself. Travel itself is both one of the main motives and coping methods that distinguish those from other travellers. For coping methods, itchers do travel-related activities apart from travel itself. Nonetheless, travel itch is a recurrent cycle even af...
İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 2020
Valley splitting is a key figure of silicon-based spin qubits. Quantum dots in Si/SiGe heterostru... more Valley splitting is a key figure of silicon-based spin qubits. Quantum dots in Si/SiGe heterostructures reportedly suffer from a relatively low valley splitting, limiting the operation temperature and the scalability of such qubit devices. Here, we demonstrate a robust and large valley splitting exceeding 200 µeV in a gate-defined single quantum dot, hosted in molecular-beam epitaxy-grown 28 Si/SiGe. The valley splitting is monotonically and reproducibly tunable up to 15 % by gate voltages, originating from a 6 nm lateral displacement of the quantum dot. We observe static spin relaxation times T1 > 1 s at low magnetic fields in our device containing an integrated nanomagnet. At higher magnetic fields, T1 is limited by the valley hotspot and by phonon noise coupling to intrinsic and artificial spin-orbit coupling, including phonon bottlenecking.
Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2018
nulması, çalışan ile müşteri arasındaki iletişimin niteliğine bağlıdır. Bu iletişimde çalışanlar ... more nulması, çalışan ile müşteri arasındaki iletişimin niteliğine bağlıdır. Bu iletişimde çalışanlar duygularını düzenleyerek müşterilere güler yüz gösterme ve nazik olmakta ya da bazı olumsuz duygularını gizleyerek işletmelerinin istediği şekilde davranmaktadırlar. İletişimsel bir icra olan duygusal emeğin müşteriye yansıtılma şekli, hizmet sunumunda büyük önem taşımaktadır (Chu ve Murmann 2006).
Journal of Global Strategic Management, 2016
The purpose of this research is to examine two dimension s of emotional labor (jobfocused and emp... more The purpose of this research is to examine two dimension s of emotional labor (jobfocused and employee focused emotional labor) as the predictors of burnout in the hospitality industry. More specifically, the study investigated whether employee-focused emotional labor contributed uniquely to the prediction of burnout beyond the job-focused emotional labor. The data were collected from 236 hospitality management students in a southern university in Turkey. Employee-focused emotional labor contributed uniquely to the prediction only for emotional exhaustion dimension of burnout beyond the jobfocused emotional labor. Deep acting was significantly related to emotional exhaustion. Contrary to previous study findings , employee-focused emotional labor dimension of surface acting was not related to any burnout dimensions. The study findings suggest essential recommendations for researchers and industry managers.
Tourism & Management Studies
Transformative tourism experiences result in long-term changes in attitudes and behavior. Althoug... more Transformative tourism experiences result in long-term changes in attitudes and behavior. Although research on transformative tourism has flourished in recent years, there is still a limited number of studies that investigate the travelers' experiences to examine the impact of travel on one's attitudes and behaviors. This exploratory study seeks to identify factors affecting transformative travel experiences to emerge. A typology of travel transformations is also offered based on a qualitative case study conducted on Turkish travelers. As a result of thematic content analysis of in-depth interviews with 30 travelers, the main themes affecting travel transformations emerged as tripograhic, personal and destination-based determinants, whereas the types of transformations were classified under behavioral, attitudinal, and personality changes. If tourist transformations could be understood better, this might result in better promotion of travel as a leisure activity not just at ...
Encyclopedia of Tourism Management and Marketing, 2022
Bu calismanin amaci; “duygusal emek” olgusunu olcmeye yonelik Turkiye’deki hizmet sektoru calisma... more Bu calismanin amaci; “duygusal emek” olgusunu olcmeye yonelik Turkiye’deki hizmet sektoru calisma kosullarina uygun bir olcek gelistirmektir. Madde havuzu olusturulmasi, kapsam gecerliligi, uygulama, yapi gecerliligi ve olcek guvenilirligi hesaplamasi asamalarindan olusan calismanin, duygusal emek konusu ile ilgili calisan arastirmacilara katki saglamasi umulmaktadir. Calisma kapsaminda gerceklestirilen uygulama ve analiz sonuclarinda; yuzeysel davranis, duygularin bastirilmasi ve derin davranis olmak uzere uc boyuttan olusan bir duygusal emek olcegine ulasilmistir
Ege Akademik Bakis (Ege Academic Review), 2016
The aim of this study is to develop a scale appropriate to the working conditions of the service ... more The aim of this study is to develop a scale appropriate to the working conditions of the service industry in Turkey to measure the phenomenon of "emotional labor. " It is hoped that the study that constitutes the stages of building an item pool, content validity, application, construct validity and calculation of the reliability of scale will contribute to researchers working on emotional labor. As a result of the applications and analysis conducted based on this study an emotional labor scale that consists of three dimensions-surface acting, suppression, deep acting-is achieved.
İzmir Journal of Economics, 2020
The aim of this study is to adapt the scale of “thriving at work” into Turkish, which is develope... more The aim of this study is to adapt the scale of “thriving at work” into Turkish, which is developed by Porath et al. (2012) in order to measure the thriving at work phenomenon and which includes vitality and learning dimensions. For this purpose, 455 questionnaires were collected from three different sample groups (academicians, tourism workers and teachers). In order to ensure the language validity of the scale items, in the first stage, all items were translated from English to Turkish by 5 academicians, in the next stage, these items were translated from Turkish to English by five different academicians with bilingual experts. Reliability and validity analyzes were applied to the language validated scale. According to the results of exploratory factor analysis for construct validity, it was found that the total explained variance is %57,943 and items were grouped under two factors in accordance with its original structure called as learning and vitality. Model fit of the structure...
Tourism and Hospitality Management, 2022
Purpose-This study aims to better understand the phenomenon of travel itch by revealing the trave... more Purpose-This study aims to better understand the phenomenon of travel itch by revealing the travel motives and travel attributes of "travel itchers" within the framework of motivational theories. Design/methodology/approach-This is an exploratory study. An online questionnaire was used to collect data from individuals who have first-hand experience of travel itch (N: 30). Data were analysed using content analysis within the framework of motivational theories. Findings-This exploratory study finds that travel itch means a desire to travel and findings revealed that the motives of travel itchers are novelty, escape, host-site involvement, self-actualization, stimulation in line with the Travel Career Pattern (TCP) except travel itself. Travel itself is both one of the main motives and coping methods that distinguish those from other travellers. For coping methods, itchers do travel-related activities apart from travel itself. Nonetheless, travel itch is a recurrent cycle even after having a holiday. Consequently, an attempt was made to redefine the concept of 'travel itch' in light of all these findings. Originality of the research-Travel itch is an interesting concept newly introduced into tourism literature. And in order to obtain data this study puts the travel itchers themselves who use this concept. Since this is one of the first studies to examine the concept of travel itch, this study can be a guide for future research and place the concept in the context of travel motivation.