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Papers by IBRAHIM KHALIL ULLAH

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences

Background: Due to high prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in India, Diabetic nephropathy is on the ... more Background: Due to high prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in India, Diabetic nephropathy is on the rise. Diabetic Nephropathy is the leading cause of End stage renal disease and the major factor responsible for renal transplantation. Grey scale ultrasound can detect morphologic renal parenchymal changes late in the disease but the functional haemodynamic changes can be detected early on, by the means of doppler indices such as Resistive Index (RI) and Pulsatility Index (PI). Hence, application of renal doppler can aid in the diagnosis of early nephropathic changes to allow early medical intervention, therefore improving disease prognosis. Methods: Renal doppler ultrasonography was performed in 64 diabetic individuals, in the main renal artery and at the interlobar arteries of both kidneys in the upper pole, interpolar region, and lower pole. RI and PI were obtained for each artery and averaged. The correlation between the Mean RI and Mean PI, each with HbA1c and serum creatinine was c...

Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine

Background Zinner syndrome is a rare Wolffian duct anomaly presenting as a triad of unilateral re... more Background Zinner syndrome is a rare Wolffian duct anomaly presenting as a triad of unilateral renal agenesis, ipsilateral seminal vesicle cyst and ipsilateral ejaculatory duct obstruction. The condition is due to a developmental anomaly leading to malformation of the mesonephric duct. Magnetic resonance imaging is considered to be the gold standard for the diagnosis of Zinner syndrome. Due to the limited number of cases reported in the literature, the associations of Zinner syndrome are not well established. Case presentation In this case report, we are presenting a case of a 38-year-old male with dysuria, intermittent pain in the scrotum and lower abdomen and painful ejaculation for the past six months. Imaging findings led to the diagnosis of Zinner syndrome, with unilateral testicular agenesis and an aberrant course of the left common iliac artery. Conclusions Apart from the known associations of Zinner syndrome, testicular agenesis in a patient with Zinner syndrome has not been...

Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine

Background Zinner syndrome is a rare Wolffian duct anomaly presenting as a triad of unilateral re... more Background Zinner syndrome is a rare Wolffian duct anomaly presenting as a triad of unilateral renal agenesis, ipsilateral seminal vesicle cyst and ipsilateral ejaculatory duct obstruction. The condition is due to a developmental anomaly leading to malformation of the mesonephric duct. Magnetic resonance imaging is considered to be the gold standard for the diagnosis of Zinner syndrome. Due to the limited number of cases reported in the literature, the associations of Zinner syndrome are not well established. Case presentation In this case report, we are presenting a case of a 38-year-old male with dysuria, intermittent pain in the scrotum and lower abdomen and painful ejaculation for the past six months. Imaging findings led to the diagnosis of Zinner syndrome, with unilateral testicular agenesis and an aberrant course of the left common iliac artery. Conclusions Apart from the known associations of Zinner syndrome, testicular agenesis in a patient with Zinner syndrome has not been...

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences

Background: Due to high prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in India, Diabetic nephropathy is on the ... more Background: Due to high prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in India, Diabetic nephropathy is on the rise. Diabetic Nephropathy is the leading cause of End stage renal disease and the major factor responsible for renal transplantation. Grey scale ultrasound can detect morphologic renal parenchymal changes late in the disease but the functional haemodynamic changes can be detected early on, by the means of doppler indices such as Resistive Index (RI) and Pulsatility Index (PI). Hence, application of renal doppler can aid in the diagnosis of early nephropathic changes to allow early medical intervention, therefore improving disease prognosis. Methods: Renal doppler ultrasonography was performed in 64 diabetic individuals, in the main renal artery and at the interlobar arteries of both kidneys in the upper pole, interpolar region, and lower pole. RI and PI were obtained for each artery and averaged. The correlation between the Mean RI and Mean PI, each with HbA1c and serum creatinine was c...

International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology, Mar 28, 2023

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) also known as fetal growth restriction (FGR), ... more Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) also known as fetal growth restriction (FGR), has been associated with a variety of detrimental perinatal outcomes. FGR is defined as estimated fetal weights (EFW) or abdominal circumference (AC) that fall within the third, or tenth percentiles with abnormal doppler parameters. FGR affects 1015% of all pregnancies around the world. Methods: Prospective observational study of singleton pregnant women complicated by FGR were enrolled during the study period from September 2021 to August 2022. 100 patients were included in the study. Results: Abnormal umbilical artery flow was seen in 30% of cases, out of which 83% (25) had abnormal perinatal outcome. Out of 100 cases, live births were reported in 94%, stillbirths in 4%, and IUDs in 2%. There were 16 neonatal deaths and 15 neonatal complications among the adverse perinatal outcomes. Intraventricular hemorrhage and neonatal sepsis were the two leading causes of death. Neonatal sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis and hypoxic ischemic injury was the leading cause of morbidity. Reverse end diastolic umbilical artery Doppler and bilateral uterine artery notch had 100% mortality. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of umbilical artery in predicting perinatal outcome in IUGR were 80.65%, 92.75%, 83.33% 91.43% and 89.47% respectively. Conclusions: Umbilical artery PI is the most sensitive parameter and had highest positive and negative predictive value and Accuracy in relation to adverse perinatal outcomes.

International Journal of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging

Thyroid nodules are very common and often deceptive in their appearance. Deciding whether the nod... more Thyroid nodules are very common and often deceptive in their appearance. Deciding whether the nodule requires biopsy, fine needle aspiration or just follow up will be difficult without using standard guidelines. The American College of Radiology-Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data Systems was published in 2017. It is entirely based on ultrasound imaging and allows a risk-based classification of thyroid nodules. In addition of estimating the risk of the lesion being malignant, it also determines the further course of action, like biopsy, fine needle aspiration or follow up.

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences

Background: An estimated 70 million people worldwide are thought to be affected by some severity ... more Background: An estimated 70 million people worldwide are thought to be affected by some severity of infertility. Ultrasound, MRI, and invasive procedures like venography and vasography are the usual investigations taken for the evaluation of infertility. Ultrasound is the preferred initial modality due to its availability and non-invasive nature. In our study, we evaluated the usefulness of advanced ultrasound techniques like Doppler and Elastography and compared the results with biochemical parameters of semen analysis. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of one year, on men between the ages of 22 and 45, with normal or abnormal sperm analysis reports, who presented with inability to conceive. The testicular parenchyma resistive index, shear value and shear ratio were recorded. The mean values of the data and their standard deviations were assessed and compared by Student’s t-test. The correlation of semen parameters with RI and shear wave indic...

International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology

Androgen insensitivity syndrome is a rare disorder of sex development that results from genetic m... more Androgen insensitivity syndrome is a rare disorder of sex development that results from genetic mutations affecting the androgen receptor. Recently, we encountered a case of a 13-year-old individual who had been raised as female and sought medical attention for primary amenorrhea, which led to the discovery of partial androgen insensitivity syndrome. Early detection and gonad removal are necessary to mitigate the risk of cancer. Additional management steps such as corrective surgery and psychological support can also be valuable.

Medip Academy , Mar 28, 2023

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) also known as fetal growth restriction (FGR), ... more Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) also known as fetal growth restriction (FGR), has been associated with a variety of detrimental perinatal outcomes. FGR is defined as estimated fetal weights (EFW) or abdominal circumference (AC) that fall within the third, or tenth percentiles with abnormal doppler parameters. FGR affects 1015% of all pregnancies around the world. Methods: Prospective observational study of singleton pregnant women complicated by FGR were enrolled during the study period from September 2021 to August 2022. 100 patients were included in the study. Results: Abnormal umbilical artery flow was seen in 30% of cases, out of which 83% (25) had abnormal perinatal outcome. Out of 100 cases, live births were reported in 94%, stillbirths in 4%, and IUDs in 2%. There were 16 neonatal deaths and 15 neonatal complications among the adverse perinatal outcomes. Intraventricular hemorrhage and neonatal sepsis were the two leading causes of death. Neonatal sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis and hypoxic ischemic injury was the leading cause of morbidity. Reverse end diastolic umbilical artery Doppler and bilateral uterine artery notch had 100% mortality. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of umbilical artery in predicting perinatal outcome in IUGR were 80.65%, 92.75%, 83.33% 91.43% and 89.47% respectively. Conclusions: Umbilical artery PI is the most sensitive parameter and had highest positive and negative predictive value and Accuracy in relation to adverse perinatal outcomes.

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences

Background: Due to high prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in India, Diabetic nephropathy is on the ... more Background: Due to high prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in India, Diabetic nephropathy is on the rise. Diabetic Nephropathy is the leading cause of End stage renal disease and the major factor responsible for renal transplantation. Grey scale ultrasound can detect morphologic renal parenchymal changes late in the disease but the functional haemodynamic changes can be detected early on, by the means of doppler indices such as Resistive Index (RI) and Pulsatility Index (PI). Hence, application of renal doppler can aid in the diagnosis of early nephropathic changes to allow early medical intervention, therefore improving disease prognosis. Methods: Renal doppler ultrasonography was performed in 64 diabetic individuals, in the main renal artery and at the interlobar arteries of both kidneys in the upper pole, interpolar region, and lower pole. RI and PI were obtained for each artery and averaged. The correlation between the Mean RI and Mean PI, each with HbA1c and serum creatinine was c...

Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine

Background Zinner syndrome is a rare Wolffian duct anomaly presenting as a triad of unilateral re... more Background Zinner syndrome is a rare Wolffian duct anomaly presenting as a triad of unilateral renal agenesis, ipsilateral seminal vesicle cyst and ipsilateral ejaculatory duct obstruction. The condition is due to a developmental anomaly leading to malformation of the mesonephric duct. Magnetic resonance imaging is considered to be the gold standard for the diagnosis of Zinner syndrome. Due to the limited number of cases reported in the literature, the associations of Zinner syndrome are not well established. Case presentation In this case report, we are presenting a case of a 38-year-old male with dysuria, intermittent pain in the scrotum and lower abdomen and painful ejaculation for the past six months. Imaging findings led to the diagnosis of Zinner syndrome, with unilateral testicular agenesis and an aberrant course of the left common iliac artery. Conclusions Apart from the known associations of Zinner syndrome, testicular agenesis in a patient with Zinner syndrome has not been...

Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine

Background Zinner syndrome is a rare Wolffian duct anomaly presenting as a triad of unilateral re... more Background Zinner syndrome is a rare Wolffian duct anomaly presenting as a triad of unilateral renal agenesis, ipsilateral seminal vesicle cyst and ipsilateral ejaculatory duct obstruction. The condition is due to a developmental anomaly leading to malformation of the mesonephric duct. Magnetic resonance imaging is considered to be the gold standard for the diagnosis of Zinner syndrome. Due to the limited number of cases reported in the literature, the associations of Zinner syndrome are not well established. Case presentation In this case report, we are presenting a case of a 38-year-old male with dysuria, intermittent pain in the scrotum and lower abdomen and painful ejaculation for the past six months. Imaging findings led to the diagnosis of Zinner syndrome, with unilateral testicular agenesis and an aberrant course of the left common iliac artery. Conclusions Apart from the known associations of Zinner syndrome, testicular agenesis in a patient with Zinner syndrome has not been...

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences

Background: Due to high prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in India, Diabetic nephropathy is on the ... more Background: Due to high prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in India, Diabetic nephropathy is on the rise. Diabetic Nephropathy is the leading cause of End stage renal disease and the major factor responsible for renal transplantation. Grey scale ultrasound can detect morphologic renal parenchymal changes late in the disease but the functional haemodynamic changes can be detected early on, by the means of doppler indices such as Resistive Index (RI) and Pulsatility Index (PI). Hence, application of renal doppler can aid in the diagnosis of early nephropathic changes to allow early medical intervention, therefore improving disease prognosis. Methods: Renal doppler ultrasonography was performed in 64 diabetic individuals, in the main renal artery and at the interlobar arteries of both kidneys in the upper pole, interpolar region, and lower pole. RI and PI were obtained for each artery and averaged. The correlation between the Mean RI and Mean PI, each with HbA1c and serum creatinine was c...

International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology, Mar 28, 2023

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) also known as fetal growth restriction (FGR), ... more Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) also known as fetal growth restriction (FGR), has been associated with a variety of detrimental perinatal outcomes. FGR is defined as estimated fetal weights (EFW) or abdominal circumference (AC) that fall within the third, or tenth percentiles with abnormal doppler parameters. FGR affects 1015% of all pregnancies around the world. Methods: Prospective observational study of singleton pregnant women complicated by FGR were enrolled during the study period from September 2021 to August 2022. 100 patients were included in the study. Results: Abnormal umbilical artery flow was seen in 30% of cases, out of which 83% (25) had abnormal perinatal outcome. Out of 100 cases, live births were reported in 94%, stillbirths in 4%, and IUDs in 2%. There were 16 neonatal deaths and 15 neonatal complications among the adverse perinatal outcomes. Intraventricular hemorrhage and neonatal sepsis were the two leading causes of death. Neonatal sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis and hypoxic ischemic injury was the leading cause of morbidity. Reverse end diastolic umbilical artery Doppler and bilateral uterine artery notch had 100% mortality. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of umbilical artery in predicting perinatal outcome in IUGR were 80.65%, 92.75%, 83.33% 91.43% and 89.47% respectively. Conclusions: Umbilical artery PI is the most sensitive parameter and had highest positive and negative predictive value and Accuracy in relation to adverse perinatal outcomes.

International Journal of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging

Thyroid nodules are very common and often deceptive in their appearance. Deciding whether the nod... more Thyroid nodules are very common and often deceptive in their appearance. Deciding whether the nodule requires biopsy, fine needle aspiration or just follow up will be difficult without using standard guidelines. The American College of Radiology-Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data Systems was published in 2017. It is entirely based on ultrasound imaging and allows a risk-based classification of thyroid nodules. In addition of estimating the risk of the lesion being malignant, it also determines the further course of action, like biopsy, fine needle aspiration or follow up.

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences

Background: An estimated 70 million people worldwide are thought to be affected by some severity ... more Background: An estimated 70 million people worldwide are thought to be affected by some severity of infertility. Ultrasound, MRI, and invasive procedures like venography and vasography are the usual investigations taken for the evaluation of infertility. Ultrasound is the preferred initial modality due to its availability and non-invasive nature. In our study, we evaluated the usefulness of advanced ultrasound techniques like Doppler and Elastography and compared the results with biochemical parameters of semen analysis. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of one year, on men between the ages of 22 and 45, with normal or abnormal sperm analysis reports, who presented with inability to conceive. The testicular parenchyma resistive index, shear value and shear ratio were recorded. The mean values of the data and their standard deviations were assessed and compared by Student’s t-test. The correlation of semen parameters with RI and shear wave indic...

International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology

Androgen insensitivity syndrome is a rare disorder of sex development that results from genetic m... more Androgen insensitivity syndrome is a rare disorder of sex development that results from genetic mutations affecting the androgen receptor. Recently, we encountered a case of a 13-year-old individual who had been raised as female and sought medical attention for primary amenorrhea, which led to the discovery of partial androgen insensitivity syndrome. Early detection and gonad removal are necessary to mitigate the risk of cancer. Additional management steps such as corrective surgery and psychological support can also be valuable.

Medip Academy , Mar 28, 2023

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) also known as fetal growth restriction (FGR), ... more Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) also known as fetal growth restriction (FGR), has been associated with a variety of detrimental perinatal outcomes. FGR is defined as estimated fetal weights (EFW) or abdominal circumference (AC) that fall within the third, or tenth percentiles with abnormal doppler parameters. FGR affects 1015% of all pregnancies around the world. Methods: Prospective observational study of singleton pregnant women complicated by FGR were enrolled during the study period from September 2021 to August 2022. 100 patients were included in the study. Results: Abnormal umbilical artery flow was seen in 30% of cases, out of which 83% (25) had abnormal perinatal outcome. Out of 100 cases, live births were reported in 94%, stillbirths in 4%, and IUDs in 2%. There were 16 neonatal deaths and 15 neonatal complications among the adverse perinatal outcomes. Intraventricular hemorrhage and neonatal sepsis were the two leading causes of death. Neonatal sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis and hypoxic ischemic injury was the leading cause of morbidity. Reverse end diastolic umbilical artery Doppler and bilateral uterine artery notch had 100% mortality. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of umbilical artery in predicting perinatal outcome in IUGR were 80.65%, 92.75%, 83.33% 91.43% and 89.47% respectively. Conclusions: Umbilical artery PI is the most sensitive parameter and had highest positive and negative predictive value and Accuracy in relation to adverse perinatal outcomes.