Ulrich John - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Ulrich John
Hintergrund: In Deutschland besteht nach wie vor ein Mangel an evidenz- basierten Informationen a... more Hintergrund: In Deutschland besteht nach wie vor ein Mangel an evidenz- basierten Informationen auf dem Gebiet der Frauengesundheitsforschung in der Humanmedizin. Die vorliegende Untersuchung analysiert wichtige Charak- teristika der Gesundheitsversorgung von Frauen anhand der Daten des Gesund- heitssurveys »Study of Health in Pomerania« (SHIP). Die dargestellten Ergeb- nisse beziehen sich auf die Inanspruchnahme gynäkologischer Behandlungen und Beratungen, die Teilnahme an
Objective: Determinants of quality of life (QoL) in pre- and postmenopausal women including nonho... more Objective: Determinants of quality of life (QoL) in pre- and postmenopausal women including nonhormonal modulators of QoL in adult women are not well understood; there is an ongoing controversy about the impact of menopause on health-related QoL. We investigated the extent to which diverse mental and physical symptoms are associated with (a) menopausal status; (b) sociodemographic, psychosocial, and lifestyle factors;
Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung, 2007
Zusammenfassung Fragestellung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird untersucht, welche Zielgruppen im ... more Zusammenfassung Fragestellung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird untersucht, welche Zielgruppen im Rahmen einer proaktiven Raucherintervention in hausärztlichen Praxen erreichbar sind. Methodik Im Rahmen der Studie wurden insgesamt 9896 konsekutive Patienten in 34 zufällig ausgewählten hausärztlichen Praxen Vorpommerns registriert. Rauchenden Patienten im Alter von 18–70 Jahren (n=2016) wurde die Teilnahme an einer Interventionsstudie, die eine Beratung zum Rauchen umfasste, angeboten. Ergebnisse Verglichen mit der Allgemeinbevölkerung finden sich in der hausärztlichen Praxis vermehrt jüngere Raucher. Unter den eingeschlossenen Patienten erklärten 82% (n=1653) ihre Bereitschaft zur Teilnahme an der Interventionsstudie. Von diesen gaben 65% an, nicht mit dem Rauchen aufhören zu wollen. Nicht teilnahmebereite Patienten unterschieden sich von Studienteilnehmern durch ein höheres Alter, eine geringere Änderungsbereitschaft und einen geringeren Tabakkonsum. Schlussfolgerungen Proaktive Raucherinterventionen stoßen bei Patienten in der hausärztlichen Praxis auf große Akzeptanz.
Decreased serum TSH levels predict vascular mortality in older people. There is a need to investi... more Decreased serum TSH levels predict vascular mortality in older people. There is a need to investigate mechanisms that could explain this association. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between thyroid function and the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). The Study of Health in Pomerania is a population-based survey in Germany. Data from 2086 individuals at least 45 yr old
Background and Purpose—Physical inactivity and unfavorable dietary and lifestyle patterns are rel... more Background and Purpose—Physical inactivity and unfavorable dietary and lifestyle patterns are related to cardiovascular disease and premature death. Their relationship to atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries and subsequent stroke is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between those behavioral cardiovascular risk factors and asymptomatic atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries in a population of former East
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, Jan 28, 2015
Several studies point towards a role for dopaminergic circuits in the pathophysiology of problema... more Several studies point towards a role for dopaminergic circuits in the pathophysiology of problematic gambling behavior. The aim of the present study was to investigate alterations of DNA methylation in the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2)-gene in participants with pathologic gambling behavior. The study was part of a large epidemiological study on pathologic gambling in Germany. DNA methylation of the DRD2-gene was analyzed from oral mucosa using next generation bisulfite sequencing. The final sample included 77 participants. The study showed significantly lower methylation levels of the DRD2-gene in abstinent patients over the last 12 or 30months compared to non-abstinent participants. Furthermore, participants without any treatment utilization regarding gambling behavior showed higher DRD2-gene methylation levels compared to treatment-seeking participants. DNA-methylation patterns in the DRD2-gene were altered in respect to abstinence over a 12-month or a 30-month period and to treatme...
Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2015
Tobacco smoking, unhealthy alcohol drinking, overweight, and lack of physical activity add to mor... more Tobacco smoking, unhealthy alcohol drinking, overweight, and lack of physical activity add to more than 50 % of myocardial infarction and are the most prevalent avoidable factors related to cancer. Cardiovascular disease and cancer may be curbed by preventive action in addition to medical care. The aim of this contribution is to present the elements that constitute prevention: participation rates, intervention programs, and outcomes. Criteria for outcomes include intention to change behaviors, the behavior change, total lifetime and time of life free of chronic disease and disability. Evidence reveals that national preventive action should include legal action, environmental change, and direct health behavior change. The measures include reducing the appeal of and increasing the protection against risky products. Such provisions will reduce cardiovascular disease and cancer incidence. Direct behavior change includes counseling individuals in the general population. Evidence is provi...
American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics, Jan 18, 2015
Gene x environment interactions have mainly been investigated in models of psychopathology. Howev... more Gene x environment interactions have mainly been investigated in models of psychopathology. However, the putative interplay between genes and beneficial environmental conditions on positive outcomes has rarely been addressed. We therefore examined the interaction between the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and social support on the sense of coherence (SOC), resilience, and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, we scrutinized our examinations by differentiating between individuals with and without childhood abuse. The sample included 1,811 participants from the general population (Study of Health in Pomerania, Germany). The triallelic genotype of 5-HTTLPR was determined and longitudinal data of social support were used. Among individuals with high social support no significant differences between 5-HTTLPR genotypes regarding all outcome variables were found. However, among those with low social support, carriers of at least one short allele reported significant...
Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie, 2007
Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Ärzte des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany)), 2008
Only a few smokers use smoking cessation aids. The Internet can act as a medium to improve the di... more Only a few smokers use smoking cessation aids. The Internet can act as a medium to improve the dissemination of traditional smoking cessation aids, but can also provide direct help by its own interactive capabilities. The purpose of this study is to give an overview of the different smoking cessation aids offered via the Internet and to categorise their contents. Two different search strategies were used to find smoking cessation aids on the Internet. The first was a search with the search engine Google. Six search terms were previously generated by interviews with one hundred smokers. Using these terms, the Google search resulted in a list of 106 websites. The second strategy was a direct search on 31 websites of different health-related institutions. To classify the smoking cessation aids on the websites, a system of different categories was developed. The offers for smoking cessation on the Internet could be assigned to 11 categories. General information about smoking cessation w...
International journal of obesity (2005), 2005
Weight gain after smoking cessation is perceived to be a barrier against quitting smoking. The go... more Weight gain after smoking cessation is perceived to be a barrier against quitting smoking. The goal was to analyze overweight and obesity depending on smoking status and number of cigarettes per day (cpd) among former and current smokers. The sample included 7124 residents of Germany aged 18-79 y from a national health examination survey (participation rate: 61.4%). Body weight and height were objectively measured; smoking status and cpd were assessed by a questionnaire administered in a health examination center. The number of cpd was positively related to being overweight and more so to obesity among former smoking men, but not women. The results were adjusted for age, school education, exercise and alcohol consumption. Men who formerly had smoked more than 30 cpd had an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 5.0 for obesity compared to men who had never smoked. With an increasing number of cpd more psychological and physiological processes of compensation of nicotine supply after smoking ce...
Psychiatry research, Jan 30, 2013
The aim of the present study was to analyze comorbid Axis I-disorders in a sample of individuals ... more The aim of the present study was to analyze comorbid Axis I-disorders in a sample of individuals with at-risk, problem, and pathological gambling. A number of 164 adult gamblers derived from a random sample of 15,023 individuals were compared with a general population sample. The lifetime prevalence of any psychiatric disorder was 93.6% among pathological (five-10 criteria), 83.5% among problem (three or four criteria), and 81.0% among at-risk gamblers (one or two criteria). Substance use disorders were the most common comorbid disorders in gamblers. Logistic regression analyses revealed elevated odds ratios for having a comorbid disorder in at-risk (Conditional Odds Ratio (COR) 3.5, Confidence Interval (CI) 2.6-4.6), problem (COR 4.9, CI 3.3-7.3), and pathological gamblers (COR 4.6, CI 3.0-6.9) compared to the general population. No significant differences were found between at-risk and problem gamblers or problem and pathological gamblers. Compared to at-risk gamblers, pathologica...
Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2000
The aim of the Transitions in Alcohol Consumption and Smoking (TACOS) project is to investigate s... more The aim of the Transitions in Alcohol Consumption and Smoking (TACOS) project is to investigate substance use and use disorders in the adult general population in a region of the under-researched north of Germany, focussing on smoking and alcohol consumption. In this study, the design and quality assurance provisions of the baseline cross-section of the longitudinal project are described. Prevalence rates of alcohol use disorders, consumption pattern, and the nature of their association are also analysed with regard to preventive strategies. A random sample of 4075 participants, aged 18 to 64 and drawn from residents registration office files, was interviewed with a DSM-IV adapted version of WHO CIDI. Fieldwork resulted in a response rate of 70.2% and an unbiased database with regard to demographic characteristics. Low lifetime prevalence of alcohol use disorders (4.5% abuse, 3.8% dependence) and hazardous consumption (13.2% lifetime; 6.0% 12-month) was found compared to southern re...
Psychosomatik und Konsiliarpsychiatrie, 2008
... Jennis Freyer-Adam Beate Coder Katharina Lau Gallus Bischof Ulrich John ... Alkoholkurzinter-... more ... Jennis Freyer-Adam Beate Coder Katharina Lau Gallus Bischof Ulrich John ... Alkoholkurzinter-ventionen (AKI) in der medizinischen Versorgung haben sich in ambulanten Settings (zB Arztpraxen) als wirk-sam erwiesen [zB 5], in Krankenhäusern ist die Evidenz weniger klar [10 ...
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2006
Background: The eNOS 894G>T (Glu298Asp) polymorphism is significantly associated with the risk... more Background: The eNOS 894G>T (Glu298Asp) polymorphism is significantly associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases and a frequent insertion/deletion variant in the 5'-UTR of prepro-endothelin-1 increases endothelin mRNA and protein expression. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eNOS 894G>T and ET-1 +138I/D to the risk of stroke development.Methods: eNOS and ET-1 genotypes were compared between 166 stroke patients
In Anlehnung an Maßnahmen bei anderen gesundheitlich gefährdenden Verhaltensweisen wie Tabakrauch... more In Anlehnung an Maßnahmen bei anderen gesundheitlich gefährdenden Verhaltensweisen wie Tabakrauchen oder ungesundem Essverhalten erfordern Kurzinterventionen für alkoholbezogene Störungen einen geringen Aufwand und zielen auf eine Verhaltensänderung im Sinne von Gesundheitsförderung ab (Babor, Ritson & Hodgson, 1986). Dabei geht es um Interventionen von unterschiedlicher Länge und Form. Diese können unterteilt werden in schriftliche Information, Ratschlag, Kurzberatung (Dauer bis zu 1
Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O, 2005
A large proportion of disease and death cases could be prevented, if efficacious programs, partic... more A large proportion of disease and death cases could be prevented, if efficacious programs, particularly concerning tobacco smoking, obesity, and alcohol risk drinking, could be applied. Feasible approaches are based, among others, on the Transtheoretical Model of intentional health behavior change. This model allows to develop practical approaches to reduce risk factors of common diseases at the general population level. Evidence about the promotion of the intention to change health risk behaviors revealed successes, e. g., according to smoking cessation. The effects are growing by time. Intervention that is focused at the promotion of change of health risk behaviors can add to the improvement of health care.
Monitoring of iodine fortification programs is required for early recognition of oversupply or in... more Monitoring of iodine fortification programs is required for early recognition of oversupply or ineffective supply with iodine. We investigated the potential role of selection bias for studies performed to monitor the iodine supply and prevalence of thyroid disorders. We used the baseline population of 3949 subjects recruited for the Study of Health in Pomerania as a hypothesized source population and associated the information on response behavior from the 5-year follow-up examinations with baseline sociodemographic and thyroid-related characteristics. Due to nonresponse, 649 subjects were lost. The 3300 follow-up respondents were divided into early and late respondents according to their recruitment level. We found no significant bias in the prevalence estimates of thyroid-related variables in the comparison between all respondents, and the source population after response maximization techniques had been applied. Prevalence estimates of thyroid-related characteristics (prior thyroid disorders, goiter, thyroid nodules, low serum thyrotropin, as well as increased and positive antithyroperoxidase [TPO] levels), however, were biased if we would have only investigated subjects who agreed to participate in our study after first invitation. When analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic variables, differences between early and late respondents were only statistically significant for positive anti-TPO levels. We conclude that selection bias likely influences prevalence data for some studies of thyroid epidemiology. This could be diminished by making invitation procedures more rigorous.
Hintergrund: In Deutschland besteht nach wie vor ein Mangel an evidenz- basierten Informationen a... more Hintergrund: In Deutschland besteht nach wie vor ein Mangel an evidenz- basierten Informationen auf dem Gebiet der Frauengesundheitsforschung in der Humanmedizin. Die vorliegende Untersuchung analysiert wichtige Charak- teristika der Gesundheitsversorgung von Frauen anhand der Daten des Gesund- heitssurveys »Study of Health in Pomerania« (SHIP). Die dargestellten Ergeb- nisse beziehen sich auf die Inanspruchnahme gynäkologischer Behandlungen und Beratungen, die Teilnahme an
Objective: Determinants of quality of life (QoL) in pre- and postmenopausal women including nonho... more Objective: Determinants of quality of life (QoL) in pre- and postmenopausal women including nonhormonal modulators of QoL in adult women are not well understood; there is an ongoing controversy about the impact of menopause on health-related QoL. We investigated the extent to which diverse mental and physical symptoms are associated with (a) menopausal status; (b) sociodemographic, psychosocial, and lifestyle factors;
Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung, 2007
Zusammenfassung Fragestellung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird untersucht, welche Zielgruppen im ... more Zusammenfassung Fragestellung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird untersucht, welche Zielgruppen im Rahmen einer proaktiven Raucherintervention in hausärztlichen Praxen erreichbar sind. Methodik Im Rahmen der Studie wurden insgesamt 9896 konsekutive Patienten in 34 zufällig ausgewählten hausärztlichen Praxen Vorpommerns registriert. Rauchenden Patienten im Alter von 18–70 Jahren (n=2016) wurde die Teilnahme an einer Interventionsstudie, die eine Beratung zum Rauchen umfasste, angeboten. Ergebnisse Verglichen mit der Allgemeinbevölkerung finden sich in der hausärztlichen Praxis vermehrt jüngere Raucher. Unter den eingeschlossenen Patienten erklärten 82% (n=1653) ihre Bereitschaft zur Teilnahme an der Interventionsstudie. Von diesen gaben 65% an, nicht mit dem Rauchen aufhören zu wollen. Nicht teilnahmebereite Patienten unterschieden sich von Studienteilnehmern durch ein höheres Alter, eine geringere Änderungsbereitschaft und einen geringeren Tabakkonsum. Schlussfolgerungen Proaktive Raucherinterventionen stoßen bei Patienten in der hausärztlichen Praxis auf große Akzeptanz.
Decreased serum TSH levels predict vascular mortality in older people. There is a need to investi... more Decreased serum TSH levels predict vascular mortality in older people. There is a need to investigate mechanisms that could explain this association. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between thyroid function and the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). The Study of Health in Pomerania is a population-based survey in Germany. Data from 2086 individuals at least 45 yr old
Background and Purpose—Physical inactivity and unfavorable dietary and lifestyle patterns are rel... more Background and Purpose—Physical inactivity and unfavorable dietary and lifestyle patterns are related to cardiovascular disease and premature death. Their relationship to atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries and subsequent stroke is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between those behavioral cardiovascular risk factors and asymptomatic atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries in a population of former East
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, Jan 28, 2015
Several studies point towards a role for dopaminergic circuits in the pathophysiology of problema... more Several studies point towards a role for dopaminergic circuits in the pathophysiology of problematic gambling behavior. The aim of the present study was to investigate alterations of DNA methylation in the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2)-gene in participants with pathologic gambling behavior. The study was part of a large epidemiological study on pathologic gambling in Germany. DNA methylation of the DRD2-gene was analyzed from oral mucosa using next generation bisulfite sequencing. The final sample included 77 participants. The study showed significantly lower methylation levels of the DRD2-gene in abstinent patients over the last 12 or 30months compared to non-abstinent participants. Furthermore, participants without any treatment utilization regarding gambling behavior showed higher DRD2-gene methylation levels compared to treatment-seeking participants. DNA-methylation patterns in the DRD2-gene were altered in respect to abstinence over a 12-month or a 30-month period and to treatme...
Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2015
Tobacco smoking, unhealthy alcohol drinking, overweight, and lack of physical activity add to mor... more Tobacco smoking, unhealthy alcohol drinking, overweight, and lack of physical activity add to more than 50 % of myocardial infarction and are the most prevalent avoidable factors related to cancer. Cardiovascular disease and cancer may be curbed by preventive action in addition to medical care. The aim of this contribution is to present the elements that constitute prevention: participation rates, intervention programs, and outcomes. Criteria for outcomes include intention to change behaviors, the behavior change, total lifetime and time of life free of chronic disease and disability. Evidence reveals that national preventive action should include legal action, environmental change, and direct health behavior change. The measures include reducing the appeal of and increasing the protection against risky products. Such provisions will reduce cardiovascular disease and cancer incidence. Direct behavior change includes counseling individuals in the general population. Evidence is provi...
American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics, Jan 18, 2015
Gene x environment interactions have mainly been investigated in models of psychopathology. Howev... more Gene x environment interactions have mainly been investigated in models of psychopathology. However, the putative interplay between genes and beneficial environmental conditions on positive outcomes has rarely been addressed. We therefore examined the interaction between the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and social support on the sense of coherence (SOC), resilience, and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, we scrutinized our examinations by differentiating between individuals with and without childhood abuse. The sample included 1,811 participants from the general population (Study of Health in Pomerania, Germany). The triallelic genotype of 5-HTTLPR was determined and longitudinal data of social support were used. Among individuals with high social support no significant differences between 5-HTTLPR genotypes regarding all outcome variables were found. However, among those with low social support, carriers of at least one short allele reported significant...
Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie, 2007
Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Ärzte des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany)), 2008
Only a few smokers use smoking cessation aids. The Internet can act as a medium to improve the di... more Only a few smokers use smoking cessation aids. The Internet can act as a medium to improve the dissemination of traditional smoking cessation aids, but can also provide direct help by its own interactive capabilities. The purpose of this study is to give an overview of the different smoking cessation aids offered via the Internet and to categorise their contents. Two different search strategies were used to find smoking cessation aids on the Internet. The first was a search with the search engine Google. Six search terms were previously generated by interviews with one hundred smokers. Using these terms, the Google search resulted in a list of 106 websites. The second strategy was a direct search on 31 websites of different health-related institutions. To classify the smoking cessation aids on the websites, a system of different categories was developed. The offers for smoking cessation on the Internet could be assigned to 11 categories. General information about smoking cessation w...
International journal of obesity (2005), 2005
Weight gain after smoking cessation is perceived to be a barrier against quitting smoking. The go... more Weight gain after smoking cessation is perceived to be a barrier against quitting smoking. The goal was to analyze overweight and obesity depending on smoking status and number of cigarettes per day (cpd) among former and current smokers. The sample included 7124 residents of Germany aged 18-79 y from a national health examination survey (participation rate: 61.4%). Body weight and height were objectively measured; smoking status and cpd were assessed by a questionnaire administered in a health examination center. The number of cpd was positively related to being overweight and more so to obesity among former smoking men, but not women. The results were adjusted for age, school education, exercise and alcohol consumption. Men who formerly had smoked more than 30 cpd had an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 5.0 for obesity compared to men who had never smoked. With an increasing number of cpd more psychological and physiological processes of compensation of nicotine supply after smoking ce...
Psychiatry research, Jan 30, 2013
The aim of the present study was to analyze comorbid Axis I-disorders in a sample of individuals ... more The aim of the present study was to analyze comorbid Axis I-disorders in a sample of individuals with at-risk, problem, and pathological gambling. A number of 164 adult gamblers derived from a random sample of 15,023 individuals were compared with a general population sample. The lifetime prevalence of any psychiatric disorder was 93.6% among pathological (five-10 criteria), 83.5% among problem (three or four criteria), and 81.0% among at-risk gamblers (one or two criteria). Substance use disorders were the most common comorbid disorders in gamblers. Logistic regression analyses revealed elevated odds ratios for having a comorbid disorder in at-risk (Conditional Odds Ratio (COR) 3.5, Confidence Interval (CI) 2.6-4.6), problem (COR 4.9, CI 3.3-7.3), and pathological gamblers (COR 4.6, CI 3.0-6.9) compared to the general population. No significant differences were found between at-risk and problem gamblers or problem and pathological gamblers. Compared to at-risk gamblers, pathologica...
Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2000
The aim of the Transitions in Alcohol Consumption and Smoking (TACOS) project is to investigate s... more The aim of the Transitions in Alcohol Consumption and Smoking (TACOS) project is to investigate substance use and use disorders in the adult general population in a region of the under-researched north of Germany, focussing on smoking and alcohol consumption. In this study, the design and quality assurance provisions of the baseline cross-section of the longitudinal project are described. Prevalence rates of alcohol use disorders, consumption pattern, and the nature of their association are also analysed with regard to preventive strategies. A random sample of 4075 participants, aged 18 to 64 and drawn from residents registration office files, was interviewed with a DSM-IV adapted version of WHO CIDI. Fieldwork resulted in a response rate of 70.2% and an unbiased database with regard to demographic characteristics. Low lifetime prevalence of alcohol use disorders (4.5% abuse, 3.8% dependence) and hazardous consumption (13.2% lifetime; 6.0% 12-month) was found compared to southern re...
Psychosomatik und Konsiliarpsychiatrie, 2008
... Jennis Freyer-Adam Beate Coder Katharina Lau Gallus Bischof Ulrich John ... Alkoholkurzinter-... more ... Jennis Freyer-Adam Beate Coder Katharina Lau Gallus Bischof Ulrich John ... Alkoholkurzinter-ventionen (AKI) in der medizinischen Versorgung haben sich in ambulanten Settings (zB Arztpraxen) als wirk-sam erwiesen [zB 5], in Krankenhäusern ist die Evidenz weniger klar [10 ...
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2006
Background: The eNOS 894G>T (Glu298Asp) polymorphism is significantly associated with the risk... more Background: The eNOS 894G>T (Glu298Asp) polymorphism is significantly associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases and a frequent insertion/deletion variant in the 5'-UTR of prepro-endothelin-1 increases endothelin mRNA and protein expression. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eNOS 894G>T and ET-1 +138I/D to the risk of stroke development.Methods: eNOS and ET-1 genotypes were compared between 166 stroke patients
In Anlehnung an Maßnahmen bei anderen gesundheitlich gefährdenden Verhaltensweisen wie Tabakrauch... more In Anlehnung an Maßnahmen bei anderen gesundheitlich gefährdenden Verhaltensweisen wie Tabakrauchen oder ungesundem Essverhalten erfordern Kurzinterventionen für alkoholbezogene Störungen einen geringen Aufwand und zielen auf eine Verhaltensänderung im Sinne von Gesundheitsförderung ab (Babor, Ritson & Hodgson, 1986). Dabei geht es um Interventionen von unterschiedlicher Länge und Form. Diese können unterteilt werden in schriftliche Information, Ratschlag, Kurzberatung (Dauer bis zu 1
Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O, 2005
A large proportion of disease and death cases could be prevented, if efficacious programs, partic... more A large proportion of disease and death cases could be prevented, if efficacious programs, particularly concerning tobacco smoking, obesity, and alcohol risk drinking, could be applied. Feasible approaches are based, among others, on the Transtheoretical Model of intentional health behavior change. This model allows to develop practical approaches to reduce risk factors of common diseases at the general population level. Evidence about the promotion of the intention to change health risk behaviors revealed successes, e. g., according to smoking cessation. The effects are growing by time. Intervention that is focused at the promotion of change of health risk behaviors can add to the improvement of health care.
Monitoring of iodine fortification programs is required for early recognition of oversupply or in... more Monitoring of iodine fortification programs is required for early recognition of oversupply or ineffective supply with iodine. We investigated the potential role of selection bias for studies performed to monitor the iodine supply and prevalence of thyroid disorders. We used the baseline population of 3949 subjects recruited for the Study of Health in Pomerania as a hypothesized source population and associated the information on response behavior from the 5-year follow-up examinations with baseline sociodemographic and thyroid-related characteristics. Due to nonresponse, 649 subjects were lost. The 3300 follow-up respondents were divided into early and late respondents according to their recruitment level. We found no significant bias in the prevalence estimates of thyroid-related variables in the comparison between all respondents, and the source population after response maximization techniques had been applied. Prevalence estimates of thyroid-related characteristics (prior thyroid disorders, goiter, thyroid nodules, low serum thyrotropin, as well as increased and positive antithyroperoxidase [TPO] levels), however, were biased if we would have only investigated subjects who agreed to participate in our study after first invitation. When analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic variables, differences between early and late respondents were only statistically significant for positive anti-TPO levels. We conclude that selection bias likely influences prevalence data for some studies of thyroid epidemiology. This could be diminished by making invitation procedures more rigorous.