Umer Khalid - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Umer Khalid
DergiPark (Istanbul University), May 16, 2023
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which pledges to "leave no one behind," emphasizes o... more The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which pledges to "leave no one behind," emphasizes on promoting full and equal participation of all vulnerable and marginalized population segments in national development efforts, including persons with disabilities (PWDs). There is mounting evidence globally that differently abled people are disproportionately more vulnerable to both monetary and multi-dimensional poverty and require urgent support in terms of targeted social protection measures. The present paper presents a situation analysis and estimates of the population of PWDs across Pakistan, using different available data sources. It outlines the social protection framework for PWDs in Pakistan, with a special focus on support being extended to this population segment through the country's largest social protection program the Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP) different BISP programs. It also provides recommendations for further increasing social protection coverage for this vulnerable population segment through developing synergies with other social protection programs for greater impact.
Global social sciences review, Mar 30, 2019
The paper estimates the effects of trade reforms on workers' earnings in Pakistan's manufacturing... more The paper estimates the effects of trade reforms on workers' earnings in Pakistan's manufacturing sector during 1995-2015, employing data from 14 rounds of the Pakistan Labour Force Survey. OLS technique has been used for estimation and separate analysis for workers engaged in informal manufacturing activities is also undertaken. The results indicate that a tariff fall on intermediate products is associated with a rise in real earnings of workers employed in the manufacturing sector during this period, while a corresponding decline in tariffs on final goods has no effect on worker's wages. The results show that real wages of workers employed in the mainly export oriented industries of food, beverages & tobacco, textiles, apparel & leather and non-metallic mineral industries have declined over the twenty years period of trade reforms implemented in Pakistan. On the other hand, real wages are observed to have increased in the chemical & petroleum and basic metals industries.. .
Lahore Journal of Economics, 2003
The study analyses the degree of integration of Pakistan's economy in global trade and financial ... more The study analyses the degree of integration of Pakistan's economy in global trade and financial flows. Pakistan's integration into the global economy gained momentum in the late 1980s and early 1990s when it adopted more open and liberal policies as part of stabilisation and structural adjustment programmes negotiated with the IMF and World Bank. The paper presents an overview of Pakistan's economy in the before and after period, it will specifically examine the trade performance from the 1980s onwards to see the progress made towards the integration of the Pakistani economy into the world economy. It will look into the opportunities that Pakistan is likely to gain in a more globalised world, with special focus on the textile and clothing sector and the potential growth in this sector after the abolition of the Multi Fibre Arrangement (MFA) in 2005. New challenges that may emerge in a more open trading environment will also be discussed.
Assessment of Labour Market disruptions in Pakistan due to COVID-19
Determinants of Household Savings in Pakistan: Evidence from Micro Data
This study aims to analyze household saving behavior in Pakistan. The paper employs micro data ta... more This study aims to analyze household saving behavior in Pakistan. The paper employs micro data tapes of Pakistan Integrated Household Survey (PIHS) 2001-02 and Pakistan Social Living Standards Measurements Survey (PSLM) 2011-12 conducted by Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS). The study utilizes Absolute Income Hypothesis for estimation purpose and draws several conclusions. Saving increases with the level of income and declines with increases in dependency ratio, family size and age. In addition, it is found that saving rates have increased between 2002 and 2012 for all categories of households. Male headed households save more than their female counterparts. Saving rates of households with single and widowed heads are higher than those of their married counterparts. Households living in a joint family system have higher saving rates in comparison to nuclear family set ups. Finally household savings are conversely highest for households whose head has no formal education and decline successively with each level of education.
Pakistan Decent Work Country Profile 2019
Effects of COVID-19 on Pakistan's Market: A Sectoral Analysis
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH ASIA 2001 Globalisation and Human Development Published for The Mahbub ul Haq Human Development Centre
Unpaid Family Workers: Unravelling the Mystery of Falling Unemployment
The rising share of unpaid family workers from 21 in 2001-02 to 27 percent in 2005-06, as per Lab... more The rising share of unpaid family workers from 21 in 2001-02 to 27 percent in 2005-06, as per Labour Force Survey contributed significantly to falling unemployment rate. Nearly 60 percent of increase in employment i.e., 4.4 million of 7.35 million additional jobs during the period were non remunerative and created within families. This has serious implication for the potential of economy to create ’quality’ versus ‘quantity’ of jobs. The paper analyses the micro aspects of the phenomenon of unpaid family workers using two data sets i.e. Labour Force Survey of 2001-02 and 2005-06 and HIES 2001-02 and PSLM 2004-05. The former is used for socio-demographic, regional profiling of UFWs and modelling the determinants of entry into this type of labor. The latter data set is used to asses the contribution of UFWs to consumption status of households
NUST Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
This study analyses household consumption patterns of different forms of energy in Pakistan over ... more This study analyses household consumption patterns of different forms of energy in Pakistan over two survey rounds (2001-02 and 2010-11), while comparison with an earlier study based on 1984-85 data extends the analysis over a 25 years horizon. Income elasticities of different types of fuels have been computed using the Extended Linear Expenditure System. The analysis shows a differential pattern of energy use across the urban and rural areas of the country as well as changes over time, with rural households spending proportionately more on fuels throughout this period.
A well functioning financial system is necessary for enhancing the efficiency of intermediation, ... more A well functioning financial system is necessary for enhancing the efficiency of intermediation, which is achieved by mobilizing domestic savings, channeling them into productive investment by identifying and funding good business
This study analyzes household consumption patterns of different forms of energy in Pakistan over ... more This study analyzes household consumption patterns of different forms of energy in Pakistan over two survey rounds (2001-02 and 2010-11), while comparison with an earlier study based on 1984-85 data extends the analysis over a 25 years horizon. Income elasticities of different types of fuels have been computed using the Extended Linear Expenditure System. The analysis shows a differential pattern of energy use across the urban and rural areas of the country as well as changes over time, with rural households spending proportionately more on fuels throughout this period.
Global Social Sciences Review
The paper estimates the effects of trade reforms on workers' earnings in Pakistan's manuf... more The paper estimates the effects of trade reforms on workers' earnings in Pakistan's manufacturing sector during 1995-2015, employing data from 14 rounds of the Pakistan Labour Force Survey. OLS technique has been used for estimation and separate analysis for workers engaged in informal manufacturing activities is also undertaken. The results indicate that a tariff fall on intermediate products is associated with a rise in real earnings of workers employed in the manufacturing sector during this period, while a corresponding decline in tariffs on final goods has no effect on worker's wages. The results show that real wages of workers employed in the mainly export oriented industries of food, beverages and tobacco, textiles, apparel and leather and non-metallic mineral industries have declined over the twenty years period of trade reforms implemented in Pakistan. On the other hand, real wages are observed to have increased in the chemical and petroleum and basic metals ind...
Unpaid Family Workers: Unravelling the Mystery of Falling Unemployment
Discussion Paper. CRPRID, 2008
The rising share of unpaid family workers from 21 in 2001-02 to 27 percent in 2005-06, as per Lab... more The rising share of unpaid family workers from 21 in 2001-02 to 27 percent in 2005-06, as per Labour Force Survey contributed significantly to falling unemployment rate. Nearly 60 percent of increase in employment i.e., 4.4 million of 7.35 million additional jobs during the period were non remunerative and created within families. This has serious implication for the potential of economy to create ’quality’ versus ‘quantity’ of jobs. The paper analyses the micro aspects of the phenomenon of unpaid family workers using two data sets i.e. Labour Force Survey of 2001-02 and 2005-06 and HIES 2001-02 and PSLM 2004-05. The former is used for socio-demographic, regional profiling of UFWs and modelling the determinants of entry into this type of labor. The latter data set is used to asses the contribution of UFWs to consumption status of households
The Pakistan Development Review, Jan 12, 2012
Opportunities and Challenges for Pakistan in an Era of Globalisation
Population (millions), 1990
The study analyses the degree of integration of Pakistan’s economy in global trade and financial ... more The study analyses the degree of integration of Pakistan’s economy in global trade and financial flows. Pakistan’s integration into the global economy gained momentum in the late 1980s and early 1990s when it adopted more open and liberal policies as part of stabilisation and structural adjustment programmes negotiated with the IMF and World Bank. The paper presents an overview of Pakistan’s economy in the before and after period, it will specifically examine the trade performance from the 1980s onwards to see the progress made towards the integration of the Pakistani economy into the world economy. It will look into the opportunities that Pakistan is likely to gain in a more globalised world, with special focus on the textile and clothing sector and the potential growth in this sector after the abolition of the Multi Fibre Arrangement (MFA) in 2005. New challenges that may emerge in a more open trading environment will also be discussed.
pide.org.pk
The paper attempts to empirically test a naïve version of what is rather stylistically termed as ... more The paper attempts to empirically test a naïve version of what is rather stylistically termed as "feminisation of poverty", using the sub-sample of female-headed households (FHHs) from two household surveys in Pakistan. Although, the database is constrained by quality factors and small sample size, the following findings add to the richness of current research in this area: (a) The numerical incidence of poverty among households headed by females is less than that for all households in the country, at the national, urban and rural level for both the years. This can be traced to the finding that more than 70 percent of households headed by females receive remittances, (b) The incidence of poverty among FHHs during the period 2000-01 to 2004-05 did not decline as fast as it did for mixed households, nationwide. In urban areas, it did not decline at all, (c) Among the determinants of poverty of FHHs, illiteracy, dependency and rural residence exacerbate poverty, while remittances domestic and/ or foreign reduce poverty, (d) The dynamics of incidence of poverty among FHHs during the period indicated that Illiteracy as the factor exacerbating poverty became less important in 2004-05. Moreover, residence in rural areas was also a weaker factor in determining the incidence of poverty. By far the most notable contribution in reducing the incidence of poverty was self-employment in agriculture in 2004-05.
Labour
The problem of child labour persists even in the presence of trade sanctions and legislation. In ... more The problem of child labour persists even in the presence of trade sanctions and legislation. In fact, trade restrictions and laws are only demand side factors, and they can intensify the problem, which could result in children being diverted to less desirable or more ...
THE LAHORE …, 2005
The Lahore Journal of Economics 10: 1 (Summer 2005) pp. 65-81 Determinants of Poverty in Pakistan... more The Lahore Journal of Economics 10: 1 (Summer 2005) pp. 65-81 Determinants of Poverty in Pakistan: A Multinomial Logit Approach Umer Khalid, Lubna Shahnaz and Hajira Bibi* I. Introduction According to the World Development Report 2000-2001 almost half of the world's ...
SBP Research Bulletin, 2006
A well functioning financial system is necessary for enhancing the efficiency of intermediation, ... more A well functioning financial system is necessary for enhancing the efficiency of intermediation, which is achieved by mobilizing domestic savings, channeling them into productive investment by identifying and funding good business opportunities, reducing information, ...
DergiPark (Istanbul University), May 16, 2023
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which pledges to "leave no one behind," emphasizes o... more The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which pledges to "leave no one behind," emphasizes on promoting full and equal participation of all vulnerable and marginalized population segments in national development efforts, including persons with disabilities (PWDs). There is mounting evidence globally that differently abled people are disproportionately more vulnerable to both monetary and multi-dimensional poverty and require urgent support in terms of targeted social protection measures. The present paper presents a situation analysis and estimates of the population of PWDs across Pakistan, using different available data sources. It outlines the social protection framework for PWDs in Pakistan, with a special focus on support being extended to this population segment through the country's largest social protection program the Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP) different BISP programs. It also provides recommendations for further increasing social protection coverage for this vulnerable population segment through developing synergies with other social protection programs for greater impact.
Global social sciences review, Mar 30, 2019
The paper estimates the effects of trade reforms on workers' earnings in Pakistan's manufacturing... more The paper estimates the effects of trade reforms on workers' earnings in Pakistan's manufacturing sector during 1995-2015, employing data from 14 rounds of the Pakistan Labour Force Survey. OLS technique has been used for estimation and separate analysis for workers engaged in informal manufacturing activities is also undertaken. The results indicate that a tariff fall on intermediate products is associated with a rise in real earnings of workers employed in the manufacturing sector during this period, while a corresponding decline in tariffs on final goods has no effect on worker's wages. The results show that real wages of workers employed in the mainly export oriented industries of food, beverages & tobacco, textiles, apparel & leather and non-metallic mineral industries have declined over the twenty years period of trade reforms implemented in Pakistan. On the other hand, real wages are observed to have increased in the chemical & petroleum and basic metals industries.. .
Lahore Journal of Economics, 2003
The study analyses the degree of integration of Pakistan's economy in global trade and financial ... more The study analyses the degree of integration of Pakistan's economy in global trade and financial flows. Pakistan's integration into the global economy gained momentum in the late 1980s and early 1990s when it adopted more open and liberal policies as part of stabilisation and structural adjustment programmes negotiated with the IMF and World Bank. The paper presents an overview of Pakistan's economy in the before and after period, it will specifically examine the trade performance from the 1980s onwards to see the progress made towards the integration of the Pakistani economy into the world economy. It will look into the opportunities that Pakistan is likely to gain in a more globalised world, with special focus on the textile and clothing sector and the potential growth in this sector after the abolition of the Multi Fibre Arrangement (MFA) in 2005. New challenges that may emerge in a more open trading environment will also be discussed.
Assessment of Labour Market disruptions in Pakistan due to COVID-19
Determinants of Household Savings in Pakistan: Evidence from Micro Data
This study aims to analyze household saving behavior in Pakistan. The paper employs micro data ta... more This study aims to analyze household saving behavior in Pakistan. The paper employs micro data tapes of Pakistan Integrated Household Survey (PIHS) 2001-02 and Pakistan Social Living Standards Measurements Survey (PSLM) 2011-12 conducted by Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS). The study utilizes Absolute Income Hypothesis for estimation purpose and draws several conclusions. Saving increases with the level of income and declines with increases in dependency ratio, family size and age. In addition, it is found that saving rates have increased between 2002 and 2012 for all categories of households. Male headed households save more than their female counterparts. Saving rates of households with single and widowed heads are higher than those of their married counterparts. Households living in a joint family system have higher saving rates in comparison to nuclear family set ups. Finally household savings are conversely highest for households whose head has no formal education and decline successively with each level of education.
Pakistan Decent Work Country Profile 2019
Effects of COVID-19 on Pakistan's Market: A Sectoral Analysis
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH ASIA 2001 Globalisation and Human Development Published for The Mahbub ul Haq Human Development Centre
Unpaid Family Workers: Unravelling the Mystery of Falling Unemployment
The rising share of unpaid family workers from 21 in 2001-02 to 27 percent in 2005-06, as per Lab... more The rising share of unpaid family workers from 21 in 2001-02 to 27 percent in 2005-06, as per Labour Force Survey contributed significantly to falling unemployment rate. Nearly 60 percent of increase in employment i.e., 4.4 million of 7.35 million additional jobs during the period were non remunerative and created within families. This has serious implication for the potential of economy to create ’quality’ versus ‘quantity’ of jobs. The paper analyses the micro aspects of the phenomenon of unpaid family workers using two data sets i.e. Labour Force Survey of 2001-02 and 2005-06 and HIES 2001-02 and PSLM 2004-05. The former is used for socio-demographic, regional profiling of UFWs and modelling the determinants of entry into this type of labor. The latter data set is used to asses the contribution of UFWs to consumption status of households
NUST Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
This study analyses household consumption patterns of different forms of energy in Pakistan over ... more This study analyses household consumption patterns of different forms of energy in Pakistan over two survey rounds (2001-02 and 2010-11), while comparison with an earlier study based on 1984-85 data extends the analysis over a 25 years horizon. Income elasticities of different types of fuels have been computed using the Extended Linear Expenditure System. The analysis shows a differential pattern of energy use across the urban and rural areas of the country as well as changes over time, with rural households spending proportionately more on fuels throughout this period.
A well functioning financial system is necessary for enhancing the efficiency of intermediation, ... more A well functioning financial system is necessary for enhancing the efficiency of intermediation, which is achieved by mobilizing domestic savings, channeling them into productive investment by identifying and funding good business
This study analyzes household consumption patterns of different forms of energy in Pakistan over ... more This study analyzes household consumption patterns of different forms of energy in Pakistan over two survey rounds (2001-02 and 2010-11), while comparison with an earlier study based on 1984-85 data extends the analysis over a 25 years horizon. Income elasticities of different types of fuels have been computed using the Extended Linear Expenditure System. The analysis shows a differential pattern of energy use across the urban and rural areas of the country as well as changes over time, with rural households spending proportionately more on fuels throughout this period.
Global Social Sciences Review
The paper estimates the effects of trade reforms on workers' earnings in Pakistan's manuf... more The paper estimates the effects of trade reforms on workers' earnings in Pakistan's manufacturing sector during 1995-2015, employing data from 14 rounds of the Pakistan Labour Force Survey. OLS technique has been used for estimation and separate analysis for workers engaged in informal manufacturing activities is also undertaken. The results indicate that a tariff fall on intermediate products is associated with a rise in real earnings of workers employed in the manufacturing sector during this period, while a corresponding decline in tariffs on final goods has no effect on worker's wages. The results show that real wages of workers employed in the mainly export oriented industries of food, beverages and tobacco, textiles, apparel and leather and non-metallic mineral industries have declined over the twenty years period of trade reforms implemented in Pakistan. On the other hand, real wages are observed to have increased in the chemical and petroleum and basic metals ind...
Unpaid Family Workers: Unravelling the Mystery of Falling Unemployment
Discussion Paper. CRPRID, 2008
The rising share of unpaid family workers from 21 in 2001-02 to 27 percent in 2005-06, as per Lab... more The rising share of unpaid family workers from 21 in 2001-02 to 27 percent in 2005-06, as per Labour Force Survey contributed significantly to falling unemployment rate. Nearly 60 percent of increase in employment i.e., 4.4 million of 7.35 million additional jobs during the period were non remunerative and created within families. This has serious implication for the potential of economy to create ’quality’ versus ‘quantity’ of jobs. The paper analyses the micro aspects of the phenomenon of unpaid family workers using two data sets i.e. Labour Force Survey of 2001-02 and 2005-06 and HIES 2001-02 and PSLM 2004-05. The former is used for socio-demographic, regional profiling of UFWs and modelling the determinants of entry into this type of labor. The latter data set is used to asses the contribution of UFWs to consumption status of households
The Pakistan Development Review, Jan 12, 2012
Opportunities and Challenges for Pakistan in an Era of Globalisation
Population (millions), 1990
The study analyses the degree of integration of Pakistan’s economy in global trade and financial ... more The study analyses the degree of integration of Pakistan’s economy in global trade and financial flows. Pakistan’s integration into the global economy gained momentum in the late 1980s and early 1990s when it adopted more open and liberal policies as part of stabilisation and structural adjustment programmes negotiated with the IMF and World Bank. The paper presents an overview of Pakistan’s economy in the before and after period, it will specifically examine the trade performance from the 1980s onwards to see the progress made towards the integration of the Pakistani economy into the world economy. It will look into the opportunities that Pakistan is likely to gain in a more globalised world, with special focus on the textile and clothing sector and the potential growth in this sector after the abolition of the Multi Fibre Arrangement (MFA) in 2005. New challenges that may emerge in a more open trading environment will also be discussed.
pide.org.pk
The paper attempts to empirically test a naïve version of what is rather stylistically termed as ... more The paper attempts to empirically test a naïve version of what is rather stylistically termed as "feminisation of poverty", using the sub-sample of female-headed households (FHHs) from two household surveys in Pakistan. Although, the database is constrained by quality factors and small sample size, the following findings add to the richness of current research in this area: (a) The numerical incidence of poverty among households headed by females is less than that for all households in the country, at the national, urban and rural level for both the years. This can be traced to the finding that more than 70 percent of households headed by females receive remittances, (b) The incidence of poverty among FHHs during the period 2000-01 to 2004-05 did not decline as fast as it did for mixed households, nationwide. In urban areas, it did not decline at all, (c) Among the determinants of poverty of FHHs, illiteracy, dependency and rural residence exacerbate poverty, while remittances domestic and/ or foreign reduce poverty, (d) The dynamics of incidence of poverty among FHHs during the period indicated that Illiteracy as the factor exacerbating poverty became less important in 2004-05. Moreover, residence in rural areas was also a weaker factor in determining the incidence of poverty. By far the most notable contribution in reducing the incidence of poverty was self-employment in agriculture in 2004-05.
Labour
The problem of child labour persists even in the presence of trade sanctions and legislation. In ... more The problem of child labour persists even in the presence of trade sanctions and legislation. In fact, trade restrictions and laws are only demand side factors, and they can intensify the problem, which could result in children being diverted to less desirable or more ...
THE LAHORE …, 2005
The Lahore Journal of Economics 10: 1 (Summer 2005) pp. 65-81 Determinants of Poverty in Pakistan... more The Lahore Journal of Economics 10: 1 (Summer 2005) pp. 65-81 Determinants of Poverty in Pakistan: A Multinomial Logit Approach Umer Khalid, Lubna Shahnaz and Hajira Bibi* I. Introduction According to the World Development Report 2000-2001 almost half of the world's ...
SBP Research Bulletin, 2006
A well functioning financial system is necessary for enhancing the efficiency of intermediation, ... more A well functioning financial system is necessary for enhancing the efficiency of intermediation, which is achieved by mobilizing domestic savings, channeling them into productive investment by identifying and funding good business opportunities, reducing information, ...