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Papers by Uttam Paul

Bengal Physician Journal

Background: With declining age, elderly admissions are encountered with sleep disturbances during... more Background: With declining age, elderly admissions are encountered with sleep disturbances during the hospital stay. Poor sleep health can adversely affect many organ functions causing a weakened immune system, increased adverse cardiovascular events, impaired cognitive function, and increased fall risk and frailty in the elderly. The present study tried to address the issue of sleep quality in admitted elderly patients in a hospital setup. Materials and methods: A prospective observational study was conducted among the elderly inpatients of a few tertiary care setups in Eastern India. Patients were personally interviewed to evaluate the history of sleep quality at home, sleep quality after the first and the third days of admission, and potential associated factors. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess the sleep quality in the subjects. Patient-reported factors contributing to poor sleep health were noted. Data were statistically analyzed. Results: Sleep efficiency is significantly affected by hospital stay. The global PSQI score conferred poor sleep quality in 51.05% elderly in baseline, 58.64% after the first night of hospitalization, and 62.86% after the third night of hospitalization. Sleep quality was assessed using PSQI questionnaire. Prolonged sleep latency and decreased total sleep duration were noted among study participants at the third time point in comparison with the first. Factors like doctor-nurse interruption, pain, light, and noise as some of the most frequently reported factors contributed to poorer sleep. Higher age, infrequent physical activity, previous history of hospitalization, anxiety, and depressive state were significantly associated with higher odds of poor sleep quality. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that overall sleep quality was significantly affected during hospital stay in older adults. Patient-reported factors contributing toward poorer sleep health must be intervened in order to achieve better treatment outcomes in the elderly.

International Journal of Research in Commerce and Management, 2013

RSC Advances, 2021

Aggregation of intrinsically disordered as well as the ordered proteins under certain premises or... more Aggregation of intrinsically disordered as well as the ordered proteins under certain premises or physiological conditions leads to pathological disorder.

ZENITH International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2013

Rights are legitimized claims and the State has an obligation to respect, protect and fulfil thes... more Rights are legitimized claims and the State has an obligation to respect, protect and fulfil these rights. However, rights become real only when people begin to realise their full potential as human beings and assert their rights in the private and public sphere. Human rights and consciousness about the feeling of workers engaged in organised and unorganised sector is an important fact for the overall industrial development in our country. Workers means any person (including an apprentice) employed in any industry organized or unorganized to do any manual unskilled, skilled, technical, operational, clerical or supervisory work for hire or reward But various types of workers in unorganized sector are to encounter with various problems. Workers are human beings and they are the greater part of the total population in our country. So most mass workers’ movements in modern India have emphasised the process of empowerment while they also ‘struggled’ for rights and welfare. The workers of...

Micro - credit or micro finance is the extension of very small loans (micro loans) to the unemplo... more Micro - credit or micro finance is the extension of very small loans (micro loans) to the unemployed persons, to poor entrepreneurs, to households, to farmers and to others living in poverty who are often left out of the formal banking system, because of sev eral reasons: their inability to provide collateral, the high risks in lending to them, the rigid formalities that are a part of the formal lending system and the high costs. As a result, the poor often have to resort to informal moneylenders, who charge h igh rate of interest and often exploit the situation. Micro finance is a novel approach to ‘banking with the poor’ and this system attempts to combine lower transaction costs and high degree of repayments. The most important cause of rural indebtedness is poverty. The farmer’s income is low and he has no past savings. Whenever there is any crop failure, illness, accident, sudden fall in agriculture price, etc. the Indian farmer borrows year after year but he is not in a positi...

The super-resolution strategy recreates a higher-resolution image or arrangement from the observe... more The super-resolution strategy recreates a higher-resolution image or arrangement from the observed low resolutions (LR) images. As super-resolution has been created for over three decades, both multi-casing and single-outline super-resolution has critical applications in our everyday life. Existing super-resolution strategies have a few constraints. The artifact is additionally an issue in compression of an image. With artifacts, the high-resolution image is most noticeably terrible to see. In this paper, we try to build up a strategy to make the high-resolution image and expelling artifacts that happen in compression. At first, we use a convolutional neural network that is used to reduce artifacts on images. Then reducing artifacts we send the low resolutions images to super-resolution generative adversarial network to produce high-resolution images. In this way, we get high-resolution images without artifacts. We compare with artifact high-resolution images and without artifact hi...

International journal of pharma and bio sciences, 2016

The cardioprotective activity of Normovedic was investigated using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in... more The cardioprotective activity of Normovedic was investigated using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced cardiotoxicity. The rats were divided into 5 groups (n=6). Group I was considered normal. The Normovedic was administered orally at a dose of 39 mg/kg p.o for 8 weeks to the group II, IV. Silymarin (100mg/kg) was used as a standard cardioprotective drug and was administered for 8 weeks to the group V. The CCl4 1 ml/kg with liquid paraffin (1:1 ratio) i.p twice a week for 4 weeks (5 th to 8 th week) to the group III,IV and V. After 24h of the last treatment ECG was measured under ketamine and xylazine anesthesia (65, 9mg/kg bw ip) in all the rats. Then the rats were sacrificed by overdose ketamine anesthesia (150mg/kg ip). The blood was withdrawn by retro orbital puncture and processed to serum. The heart was isolated and heart PMS was prepared. The serum biomarkers CK-MB, CK, LDH and cardiac tissue SOD were determined. The CK-MB, CK, LDH levels were significantly decreased, whereas...

Journal of Primary Care Specialties, 2021

Background: Researchers on medical educational technologies use learner's feedbacks containin... more Background: Researchers on medical educational technologies use learner's feedbacks containing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to develop content and form of training programs in students' learning as a universally approved concept. Objectives: The objectives were to sensitize the first-year postgraduate residents about the publication of research and collect their immediate reflection. Materials and Methods: Feedback was taken from all the 49 participants at the end of the 2-day in-house workshop on “Making an effective research paper.” The data collection tool was unlinked anonymous containing six open-ended questions for immediate postsession evaluation on their futuristic vision on implementation and was analyzed by the researchers. Results: In response to “Comments regarding the research methodology workshop,” more than half agreed on positive aspects of the workshop on improved cognition with relevant information. Overall, favored “best” sessions were “Reference writing,” “Plagiarism check,” and “Search relevant article and write the Literature review.” Regarding the avenue of improvement of the workshop, they stressed on timing of workshop before the synopsis submission of their academic year, pre distribution of reading material, and shorter lengths of sessions. Conclusions: The feedback permitted the participants to echo their candid feelings to meet their learning objective as they rated the workshop constructively for each prompt with gain in broad-based cognitive domain with hopeful attitude for intended practice in their academic growth.

Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 2019

to investigate the effect of plant spacing and nitrogen level on growth parameters and green fodd... more to investigate the effect of plant spacing and nitrogen level on growth parameters and green fodder yield of maize (Zea mays L.). The experiment comprised three plant spacings viz., 35 cm × 10 cm, 35 cm × 20 cm, 35 cm × 30 cm and three nitrogen levels viz., 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that plant spacing, nitrogen levels and their interaction had significant effect on growth parameters and green fodder yield. The tallest plant (192.5 cm) was obtained at plant spacing 35 cm × 30 cm, while the highest fodder yield (61.13 t ha-1) of Z. mays was recorded at 35 cm × 10 cm spacing. In case of nitrogen level, the tallest plant (204.9 cm), the highest number of leaves plant-1 (12.22), the highest chlorophyll content in leaves (41.50) and the highest fodder yield (70.38 t ha-1) of Z. mays were recorded in 200 kg N ha-1. In case of interaction, the tallest plant (218.4 cm) of Z. mays was produced at spacing 35 cm × 30 cm along with 200 kg N ha-1. The highest fodder yield (78.01 t ha-1) of Z. mays was obtained at spacing 35 cm × 10 cm fertilized with 200 kg N ha-1 which was at par with spacing 35 cm × 20 cm fertilized with 200 kg N ha-1 and the lowest fodder yield (31.91 t ha-1) was obtained at spacing 35 cm × 30 cm along with 100 kg N ha-1. Therefore, spacing 35 cm × 10 cm fertilized with 200 kg N ha-1 appears as the promising practice for maize cultivation as fodder crop.

Bengal Physician Journal, 2018

Qualitative research is a simple, inexpensive and effective tool in medical research. The data an... more Qualitative research is a simple, inexpensive and effective tool in medical research. The data analysis in qualitative researches, though based on certain ground rules, do not follow a rigid process like the data analysis of quantitative researches. It is ongoing through and through method. One interesting feature of data collection and analysis in qualitative research is “constant comparison”. This is a highly unique method in this type of research as compared to the quantitative research. Qualitative researches usually involve inductive reasoning, but there is deductive reasoning also. The first step of analyzing qualitative data is to transcribe all data into English from vernacular language. This transcript is then subjected to selection of “codes” which are nothing but descriptive names applied to certain thoughts coming up repeatedly in a transcript. Several codes together make a broader “category”. Themes are emerged from categories which are broad categories of information. ...

Bengal Physician Journal, 2018

Background: Ethical principles are part and parcel of the qualitative research and become an inte... more Background: Ethical principles are part and parcel of the qualitative research and become an integral of qualitative research beginning from the framing of the research questions, formation of the research design, selecting the proper methodology, selection of subjects in the population to be studied, data collection, data analysis and forming an inference. Ethical principles: The four basic principles of medical ethics are beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice. Other important principles of ethics are confidentiality, fidelity, veracity (truthfulness) and accountability. A very important step of research ethics is informed consent. The purpose is to let the participant know the details of the research work-its purpose, principle, and methods. The informed consent form should be in the vernacular language, explained to the patient by or in the presence of a person who he can rely upon, and will be accepted by the court of law. The other important factors of ethics are reciprocity, power and empowerment, ownership and Hazards, risk and compensation. Institutional ethical committee: The institutional ethical committee also considers some aspects of research ethics. These are validity, reliability, transferability, confirmability, and triangulations. Conclusion: The most important aspects of ethics in qualitative research are: becoming highly careful in delicate issues, truthfulness, honesty, and integrity

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 2018

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate microbiological and clinical effects of a chitosan chlo... more Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate microbiological and clinical effects of a chitosan chlorhexidine (CH) mouthrinse on plaque control. Materials and methods: Subjects were divided into three groups. Group I included 15 subjects who used 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), group II included 15 subjects who used 2% chitosan (CH) solution, and group III involves 15 subjects who used 0.2% chlorhexidine/2% CH combination. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and probing depth (PD) were recorded at the baseline, on day 0, and after 4 days. Supragingival plaque samples were subjected for microbiological evaluation. Statistical analysis was done using statistical software IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 21. Results: Plaque index was lowest in group I at day 0, while it was highest in group III. At day 4, PI was highest in group II, while lowest in group III. Gingival index was lowest in group I and highest in group II at day 0, and lowest in group I and highest in group III at day 4. There was no statistical difference in Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) count between groups at any time interval.

International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2019

their skills continuously and aim for the best. Doctors respond to these challenges differently, ... more their skills continuously and aim for the best. Doctors respond to these challenges differently, some finding it adventurous and exciting while others deem the same environment as one which stresses them out and leads to burnout. The workload of any tertiary care hospital is tremendous, more so in the government setup where the masses have direct access because financial constraints usually do not pose a problem. The major brunt of this workload is borne by the resident doctors who work as the backbone of the system. They work for long hours, sometimes round the clock in clinical disciplines. Moreover, they are expected to always take correct decisions in the face of uncertainty and maintain compassion [1] while coping with distress and death. Background: Hospitals present a complex and challenging environment to resident doctors. The perception of everincreasing work stress on residents has been the topic for multiple studies previously. In this study, we explore the perspective of resident doctors working in a premier tertiary care hospital in Eastern India about their work stress. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to investigate the causes of work stress on residents in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India and to find out the perceived solutions to ease the work stress on residents. Materials and Methods: The study was done in the department of urology at a tertiary health care center in Eastern India. The study comprised of in depth interviews and focus group discussions. The interviews were audio recorded and later transcripted. Data analysis was done through deductive approach. Results were reviewed by all the authors. Results: Work stress on residents was considered to be additional pressure which was in excess of individual capacity and led to work and personal life imbalance and depression among residents. The principal causes were lack of manpower and infrastructure, inadequate time for family, political influence in hospital functioning, and role of media in causing and aggravating patient distrust on doctors. It had a harmful effect on academic learning of residents. A combined and sustained effort is needed to reduce the work stress to improve performance and patient outcomes. Conclusion: Persistent and disproportionate work stress on residents leads to their poor work-life balance and depression and translates into poor performance and patient outcomes. The problem is multifactorial and solutions can be found out by a concerted effort from the hospital administration, political class, and media. Mutual trust among doctors and patients can play the most important role to reduce resident work stress.

Polymers, 2016

The separation of oil from water in emulsions is a great environmental challenge, since oily wast... more The separation of oil from water in emulsions is a great environmental challenge, since oily wastewater is industrially produced. Here, we demonstrate a highly efficient method to separate oil from water in non-stabilized emulsions, using functionalized cellulose fiber networks. This is achieved by the modification of the wetting properties of the fibers, transforming them from oil-and water-absorbing to water-absorbing and oil-proof. In particular, two diverse layers of polymeric coatings, paraffin wax and poly(dimethylsiloxane)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PDMS-b-PEO) diblock copolymer, are applied on the surface of each individual fiber by a two-step dip adsorption process. The resulting cellulose networks exhibit superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity and they are mechanically reinforced. Therefore, the described treatment makes cellulose fiber networks excellent candidates for the filtration and subsequent removal of oil from oil-in-water non-stabilized emulsions with oil separation efficiency up to 99%. The good selectivity, reproducibility, and cost effectiveness of the preparation process leads to the production of low cost filters that can be used in oil-water separation applications.

Journal of the Indian Medical Association, 2012

Journal of the Indian Medical Association, 2008

Low body weight type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a distinct entity in T2DM having different clin... more Low body weight type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a distinct entity in T2DM having different clinical presentation, morbidity and mortality patterns as well as biochemical profile when compared with classical T2 DM. This study was aimed at comparing three subtypes of T2 DM-overweight (BMI>25), normal weight (BMI>18.5 but <25) and low body weight or lean type2 DM (BM1<18.5). Seventy-five cases of T2 DM (25-lean, 25-normal weight and 25-overweight) were selected. The present study revealed that normal C-peptide level with basal hyperglycaemia is an important characteristic of lean T2 DM. Lower prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia and higher level of triglycerides were found in low body weight T2 DM.Lower prevalence of macrovascular and higher prevalence of microvascular complications are also noted.

Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan, 1993

First and second order finite difference approximations are used in the simulations of this study... more First and second order finite difference approximations are used in the simulations of this study to generate progressive waves in a three dimensional numerical wave tank. Some segmented numerical wave makers are set at the left end of the tank which is considered as the wave generating end. Waves propagating at different angles with longitudinal axis are generated at this end and sent towards the right end of the tank which is treated as an open boundary. A velocity reduction technique is applied to reduce the vertical velocity within a zone named Velocity Reduction Zone (VRZ) adjacent to the open boundary. In order to control the fluid motion at the open boundary, Sommerfeld Radiation Condition (SRC) is applied on that reduced waves. The generated waves with first and second order computations are compared and the superiority of the second order approximations is discussed. An example of three dimensional wave generation is also presented in this paper.

Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, 2009

Context: Indomethacin is the most commonly and widely used nonsteroidal antiinflammatory analgesi... more Context: Indomethacin is the most commonly and widely used nonsteroidal antiinflammatory analgesic and antipyretic drug. Despite its effectiveness as an antiinflammatory use, indomethacin causes inhibition of spermatogenesis leading to infertility. On the other hand, vitamin E enhances spermatogenesis. Therefore, the present study was designed to observe the protective role of vitamin E on indomethacin induced testicular damage. Objective: To observe the effects of vitamin E on indomethacin induced testicular damage in Long Evans rats. Study design: An experimental study. Place and period of study: The study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka. Materials and methods: Eightyfour mature Long Evans male rats were divided into four groups (I, II, III and IV). The rats of group I, II and III were treated with indomethacin at different doses and duration. Group IV rats were treated with indomethacin and vitamin E at different doses for 49 da...

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2014

Diabetes mellitus is a major metabolic disorder affecting a huge population all over the world. A... more Diabetes mellitus is a major metabolic disorder affecting a huge population all over the world. Artemisia species have been extensively used for the management of diabetes in folkloric medicine. The present study is designed to investigate the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of aeriel parts of Artemisia indica. Hydromethanolic crude extracts, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of aerial parts of Artemisia indica were tested for their antidiabetic potential in Streptozotocin (STZ) (50mg/kg, i.p.) induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. Blood glucose level, body weight, serum lipid profile and activities of liver enzymes were determined. The extracts were further subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis. A daily oral dose of hydromethanolic crude extracts (200 and 400mg/kg b.w.) and chloroform fraction (200mg/kg b.w.) of Artemisia indica for 15 days showed a significant reduction in blood glucose level which was comparable to that of the standard antidiabetic drug, glibenclamide (500 μg/kg, p.o.). Artemisia indica extracts also showed reduction in total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoproteins as well as serum creatinine level, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in diabetic rats. According to the results Artemisia indica possesses hypoglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and valuable effects on liver and renal functions in diabetic rats, which seems to validate its traditional usage.

Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2013

The anatomic shape of maxillary premolars show a tendency towards separation of their cusps durin... more The anatomic shape of maxillary premolars show a tendency towards separation of their cusps during mastication after endodontic treatment. Preservation of the marginal ridge of endodontically treated and restored premolars can act as a strengthening factor and improve the fracture resistance. To evaluate the effect of varying thickness of marginal ridge on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored with composite and Ribbond reinforced composites. One hundred and twenty, freshly extracted, non carious human mature maxillary premolars were selected for this experimental in vitro study. The teeth were randomly assigned in to twelve groups ( n = 10). Group 1 received no preparation. All the premolars in other groups were root canal treated. In subgroups of 3 and 4, DO cavities were prepared while MOD cavities were prepared for all subgroups of group 2, the dimensions of the proximal boxes were kept uniform. In group 3 and 4 the dimensions of the mesial marginal ridge were measured using a digital Vernier caliper as 2 mm, 1.5 mm, 1 mm and 0.5 mm in the respective subgroups. All samples in groups 2.2 and all the subgroups of 3 were restored with a dentin bonding agent and resin composite. The teeth in group 2.3 and all subgroups of 4 were restored with composite reinforced with Ribbond fibers. The premolars were submitted to axial compression up to failure at 45 degree angle to a palatal cusp in universal testing machine. The mean load necessary to fracture was recorded in Newtons and the data was analysed. There was a highly significant difference between mean values of force required to fracture teeth in group 1 and all subgroups of group 2, 3 and 4 (i.e., P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01) CONCLUSION: On the basis of static loading, preserving the mesial marginal ridge with thicknesses of mm, 1.5 mm, 1 mm and 0.5 mm, composite restored and Ribbond reinforced composite restored maxillary premolars can help preserve the fracture resistance of teeth.

Bengal Physician Journal

Background: With declining age, elderly admissions are encountered with sleep disturbances during... more Background: With declining age, elderly admissions are encountered with sleep disturbances during the hospital stay. Poor sleep health can adversely affect many organ functions causing a weakened immune system, increased adverse cardiovascular events, impaired cognitive function, and increased fall risk and frailty in the elderly. The present study tried to address the issue of sleep quality in admitted elderly patients in a hospital setup. Materials and methods: A prospective observational study was conducted among the elderly inpatients of a few tertiary care setups in Eastern India. Patients were personally interviewed to evaluate the history of sleep quality at home, sleep quality after the first and the third days of admission, and potential associated factors. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess the sleep quality in the subjects. Patient-reported factors contributing to poor sleep health were noted. Data were statistically analyzed. Results: Sleep efficiency is significantly affected by hospital stay. The global PSQI score conferred poor sleep quality in 51.05% elderly in baseline, 58.64% after the first night of hospitalization, and 62.86% after the third night of hospitalization. Sleep quality was assessed using PSQI questionnaire. Prolonged sleep latency and decreased total sleep duration were noted among study participants at the third time point in comparison with the first. Factors like doctor-nurse interruption, pain, light, and noise as some of the most frequently reported factors contributed to poorer sleep. Higher age, infrequent physical activity, previous history of hospitalization, anxiety, and depressive state were significantly associated with higher odds of poor sleep quality. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that overall sleep quality was significantly affected during hospital stay in older adults. Patient-reported factors contributing toward poorer sleep health must be intervened in order to achieve better treatment outcomes in the elderly.

International Journal of Research in Commerce and Management, 2013

RSC Advances, 2021

Aggregation of intrinsically disordered as well as the ordered proteins under certain premises or... more Aggregation of intrinsically disordered as well as the ordered proteins under certain premises or physiological conditions leads to pathological disorder.

ZENITH International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2013

Rights are legitimized claims and the State has an obligation to respect, protect and fulfil thes... more Rights are legitimized claims and the State has an obligation to respect, protect and fulfil these rights. However, rights become real only when people begin to realise their full potential as human beings and assert their rights in the private and public sphere. Human rights and consciousness about the feeling of workers engaged in organised and unorganised sector is an important fact for the overall industrial development in our country. Workers means any person (including an apprentice) employed in any industry organized or unorganized to do any manual unskilled, skilled, technical, operational, clerical or supervisory work for hire or reward But various types of workers in unorganized sector are to encounter with various problems. Workers are human beings and they are the greater part of the total population in our country. So most mass workers’ movements in modern India have emphasised the process of empowerment while they also ‘struggled’ for rights and welfare. The workers of...

Micro - credit or micro finance is the extension of very small loans (micro loans) to the unemplo... more Micro - credit or micro finance is the extension of very small loans (micro loans) to the unemployed persons, to poor entrepreneurs, to households, to farmers and to others living in poverty who are often left out of the formal banking system, because of sev eral reasons: their inability to provide collateral, the high risks in lending to them, the rigid formalities that are a part of the formal lending system and the high costs. As a result, the poor often have to resort to informal moneylenders, who charge h igh rate of interest and often exploit the situation. Micro finance is a novel approach to ‘banking with the poor’ and this system attempts to combine lower transaction costs and high degree of repayments. The most important cause of rural indebtedness is poverty. The farmer’s income is low and he has no past savings. Whenever there is any crop failure, illness, accident, sudden fall in agriculture price, etc. the Indian farmer borrows year after year but he is not in a positi...

The super-resolution strategy recreates a higher-resolution image or arrangement from the observe... more The super-resolution strategy recreates a higher-resolution image or arrangement from the observed low resolutions (LR) images. As super-resolution has been created for over three decades, both multi-casing and single-outline super-resolution has critical applications in our everyday life. Existing super-resolution strategies have a few constraints. The artifact is additionally an issue in compression of an image. With artifacts, the high-resolution image is most noticeably terrible to see. In this paper, we try to build up a strategy to make the high-resolution image and expelling artifacts that happen in compression. At first, we use a convolutional neural network that is used to reduce artifacts on images. Then reducing artifacts we send the low resolutions images to super-resolution generative adversarial network to produce high-resolution images. In this way, we get high-resolution images without artifacts. We compare with artifact high-resolution images and without artifact hi...

International journal of pharma and bio sciences, 2016

The cardioprotective activity of Normovedic was investigated using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in... more The cardioprotective activity of Normovedic was investigated using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced cardiotoxicity. The rats were divided into 5 groups (n=6). Group I was considered normal. The Normovedic was administered orally at a dose of 39 mg/kg p.o for 8 weeks to the group II, IV. Silymarin (100mg/kg) was used as a standard cardioprotective drug and was administered for 8 weeks to the group V. The CCl4 1 ml/kg with liquid paraffin (1:1 ratio) i.p twice a week for 4 weeks (5 th to 8 th week) to the group III,IV and V. After 24h of the last treatment ECG was measured under ketamine and xylazine anesthesia (65, 9mg/kg bw ip) in all the rats. Then the rats were sacrificed by overdose ketamine anesthesia (150mg/kg ip). The blood was withdrawn by retro orbital puncture and processed to serum. The heart was isolated and heart PMS was prepared. The serum biomarkers CK-MB, CK, LDH and cardiac tissue SOD were determined. The CK-MB, CK, LDH levels were significantly decreased, whereas...

Journal of Primary Care Specialties, 2021

Background: Researchers on medical educational technologies use learner's feedbacks containin... more Background: Researchers on medical educational technologies use learner's feedbacks containing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to develop content and form of training programs in students' learning as a universally approved concept. Objectives: The objectives were to sensitize the first-year postgraduate residents about the publication of research and collect their immediate reflection. Materials and Methods: Feedback was taken from all the 49 participants at the end of the 2-day in-house workshop on “Making an effective research paper.” The data collection tool was unlinked anonymous containing six open-ended questions for immediate postsession evaluation on their futuristic vision on implementation and was analyzed by the researchers. Results: In response to “Comments regarding the research methodology workshop,” more than half agreed on positive aspects of the workshop on improved cognition with relevant information. Overall, favored “best” sessions were “Reference writing,” “Plagiarism check,” and “Search relevant article and write the Literature review.” Regarding the avenue of improvement of the workshop, they stressed on timing of workshop before the synopsis submission of their academic year, pre distribution of reading material, and shorter lengths of sessions. Conclusions: The feedback permitted the participants to echo their candid feelings to meet their learning objective as they rated the workshop constructively for each prompt with gain in broad-based cognitive domain with hopeful attitude for intended practice in their academic growth.

Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 2019

to investigate the effect of plant spacing and nitrogen level on growth parameters and green fodd... more to investigate the effect of plant spacing and nitrogen level on growth parameters and green fodder yield of maize (Zea mays L.). The experiment comprised three plant spacings viz., 35 cm × 10 cm, 35 cm × 20 cm, 35 cm × 30 cm and three nitrogen levels viz., 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that plant spacing, nitrogen levels and their interaction had significant effect on growth parameters and green fodder yield. The tallest plant (192.5 cm) was obtained at plant spacing 35 cm × 30 cm, while the highest fodder yield (61.13 t ha-1) of Z. mays was recorded at 35 cm × 10 cm spacing. In case of nitrogen level, the tallest plant (204.9 cm), the highest number of leaves plant-1 (12.22), the highest chlorophyll content in leaves (41.50) and the highest fodder yield (70.38 t ha-1) of Z. mays were recorded in 200 kg N ha-1. In case of interaction, the tallest plant (218.4 cm) of Z. mays was produced at spacing 35 cm × 30 cm along with 200 kg N ha-1. The highest fodder yield (78.01 t ha-1) of Z. mays was obtained at spacing 35 cm × 10 cm fertilized with 200 kg N ha-1 which was at par with spacing 35 cm × 20 cm fertilized with 200 kg N ha-1 and the lowest fodder yield (31.91 t ha-1) was obtained at spacing 35 cm × 30 cm along with 100 kg N ha-1. Therefore, spacing 35 cm × 10 cm fertilized with 200 kg N ha-1 appears as the promising practice for maize cultivation as fodder crop.

Bengal Physician Journal, 2018

Qualitative research is a simple, inexpensive and effective tool in medical research. The data an... more Qualitative research is a simple, inexpensive and effective tool in medical research. The data analysis in qualitative researches, though based on certain ground rules, do not follow a rigid process like the data analysis of quantitative researches. It is ongoing through and through method. One interesting feature of data collection and analysis in qualitative research is “constant comparison”. This is a highly unique method in this type of research as compared to the quantitative research. Qualitative researches usually involve inductive reasoning, but there is deductive reasoning also. The first step of analyzing qualitative data is to transcribe all data into English from vernacular language. This transcript is then subjected to selection of “codes” which are nothing but descriptive names applied to certain thoughts coming up repeatedly in a transcript. Several codes together make a broader “category”. Themes are emerged from categories which are broad categories of information. ...

Bengal Physician Journal, 2018

Background: Ethical principles are part and parcel of the qualitative research and become an inte... more Background: Ethical principles are part and parcel of the qualitative research and become an integral of qualitative research beginning from the framing of the research questions, formation of the research design, selecting the proper methodology, selection of subjects in the population to be studied, data collection, data analysis and forming an inference. Ethical principles: The four basic principles of medical ethics are beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice. Other important principles of ethics are confidentiality, fidelity, veracity (truthfulness) and accountability. A very important step of research ethics is informed consent. The purpose is to let the participant know the details of the research work-its purpose, principle, and methods. The informed consent form should be in the vernacular language, explained to the patient by or in the presence of a person who he can rely upon, and will be accepted by the court of law. The other important factors of ethics are reciprocity, power and empowerment, ownership and Hazards, risk and compensation. Institutional ethical committee: The institutional ethical committee also considers some aspects of research ethics. These are validity, reliability, transferability, confirmability, and triangulations. Conclusion: The most important aspects of ethics in qualitative research are: becoming highly careful in delicate issues, truthfulness, honesty, and integrity

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 2018

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate microbiological and clinical effects of a chitosan chlo... more Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate microbiological and clinical effects of a chitosan chlorhexidine (CH) mouthrinse on plaque control. Materials and methods: Subjects were divided into three groups. Group I included 15 subjects who used 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), group II included 15 subjects who used 2% chitosan (CH) solution, and group III involves 15 subjects who used 0.2% chlorhexidine/2% CH combination. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and probing depth (PD) were recorded at the baseline, on day 0, and after 4 days. Supragingival plaque samples were subjected for microbiological evaluation. Statistical analysis was done using statistical software IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 21. Results: Plaque index was lowest in group I at day 0, while it was highest in group III. At day 4, PI was highest in group II, while lowest in group III. Gingival index was lowest in group I and highest in group II at day 0, and lowest in group I and highest in group III at day 4. There was no statistical difference in Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) count between groups at any time interval.

International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2019

their skills continuously and aim for the best. Doctors respond to these challenges differently, ... more their skills continuously and aim for the best. Doctors respond to these challenges differently, some finding it adventurous and exciting while others deem the same environment as one which stresses them out and leads to burnout. The workload of any tertiary care hospital is tremendous, more so in the government setup where the masses have direct access because financial constraints usually do not pose a problem. The major brunt of this workload is borne by the resident doctors who work as the backbone of the system. They work for long hours, sometimes round the clock in clinical disciplines. Moreover, they are expected to always take correct decisions in the face of uncertainty and maintain compassion [1] while coping with distress and death. Background: Hospitals present a complex and challenging environment to resident doctors. The perception of everincreasing work stress on residents has been the topic for multiple studies previously. In this study, we explore the perspective of resident doctors working in a premier tertiary care hospital in Eastern India about their work stress. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to investigate the causes of work stress on residents in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India and to find out the perceived solutions to ease the work stress on residents. Materials and Methods: The study was done in the department of urology at a tertiary health care center in Eastern India. The study comprised of in depth interviews and focus group discussions. The interviews were audio recorded and later transcripted. Data analysis was done through deductive approach. Results were reviewed by all the authors. Results: Work stress on residents was considered to be additional pressure which was in excess of individual capacity and led to work and personal life imbalance and depression among residents. The principal causes were lack of manpower and infrastructure, inadequate time for family, political influence in hospital functioning, and role of media in causing and aggravating patient distrust on doctors. It had a harmful effect on academic learning of residents. A combined and sustained effort is needed to reduce the work stress to improve performance and patient outcomes. Conclusion: Persistent and disproportionate work stress on residents leads to their poor work-life balance and depression and translates into poor performance and patient outcomes. The problem is multifactorial and solutions can be found out by a concerted effort from the hospital administration, political class, and media. Mutual trust among doctors and patients can play the most important role to reduce resident work stress.

Polymers, 2016

The separation of oil from water in emulsions is a great environmental challenge, since oily wast... more The separation of oil from water in emulsions is a great environmental challenge, since oily wastewater is industrially produced. Here, we demonstrate a highly efficient method to separate oil from water in non-stabilized emulsions, using functionalized cellulose fiber networks. This is achieved by the modification of the wetting properties of the fibers, transforming them from oil-and water-absorbing to water-absorbing and oil-proof. In particular, two diverse layers of polymeric coatings, paraffin wax and poly(dimethylsiloxane)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PDMS-b-PEO) diblock copolymer, are applied on the surface of each individual fiber by a two-step dip adsorption process. The resulting cellulose networks exhibit superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity and they are mechanically reinforced. Therefore, the described treatment makes cellulose fiber networks excellent candidates for the filtration and subsequent removal of oil from oil-in-water non-stabilized emulsions with oil separation efficiency up to 99%. The good selectivity, reproducibility, and cost effectiveness of the preparation process leads to the production of low cost filters that can be used in oil-water separation applications.

Journal of the Indian Medical Association, 2012

Journal of the Indian Medical Association, 2008

Low body weight type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a distinct entity in T2DM having different clin... more Low body weight type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a distinct entity in T2DM having different clinical presentation, morbidity and mortality patterns as well as biochemical profile when compared with classical T2 DM. This study was aimed at comparing three subtypes of T2 DM-overweight (BMI>25), normal weight (BMI>18.5 but <25) and low body weight or lean type2 DM (BM1<18.5). Seventy-five cases of T2 DM (25-lean, 25-normal weight and 25-overweight) were selected. The present study revealed that normal C-peptide level with basal hyperglycaemia is an important characteristic of lean T2 DM. Lower prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia and higher level of triglycerides were found in low body weight T2 DM.Lower prevalence of macrovascular and higher prevalence of microvascular complications are also noted.

Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan, 1993

First and second order finite difference approximations are used in the simulations of this study... more First and second order finite difference approximations are used in the simulations of this study to generate progressive waves in a three dimensional numerical wave tank. Some segmented numerical wave makers are set at the left end of the tank which is considered as the wave generating end. Waves propagating at different angles with longitudinal axis are generated at this end and sent towards the right end of the tank which is treated as an open boundary. A velocity reduction technique is applied to reduce the vertical velocity within a zone named Velocity Reduction Zone (VRZ) adjacent to the open boundary. In order to control the fluid motion at the open boundary, Sommerfeld Radiation Condition (SRC) is applied on that reduced waves. The generated waves with first and second order computations are compared and the superiority of the second order approximations is discussed. An example of three dimensional wave generation is also presented in this paper.

Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, 2009

Context: Indomethacin is the most commonly and widely used nonsteroidal antiinflammatory analgesi... more Context: Indomethacin is the most commonly and widely used nonsteroidal antiinflammatory analgesic and antipyretic drug. Despite its effectiveness as an antiinflammatory use, indomethacin causes inhibition of spermatogenesis leading to infertility. On the other hand, vitamin E enhances spermatogenesis. Therefore, the present study was designed to observe the protective role of vitamin E on indomethacin induced testicular damage. Objective: To observe the effects of vitamin E on indomethacin induced testicular damage in Long Evans rats. Study design: An experimental study. Place and period of study: The study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka. Materials and methods: Eightyfour mature Long Evans male rats were divided into four groups (I, II, III and IV). The rats of group I, II and III were treated with indomethacin at different doses and duration. Group IV rats were treated with indomethacin and vitamin E at different doses for 49 da...

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2014

Diabetes mellitus is a major metabolic disorder affecting a huge population all over the world. A... more Diabetes mellitus is a major metabolic disorder affecting a huge population all over the world. Artemisia species have been extensively used for the management of diabetes in folkloric medicine. The present study is designed to investigate the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of aeriel parts of Artemisia indica. Hydromethanolic crude extracts, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of aerial parts of Artemisia indica were tested for their antidiabetic potential in Streptozotocin (STZ) (50mg/kg, i.p.) induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. Blood glucose level, body weight, serum lipid profile and activities of liver enzymes were determined. The extracts were further subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis. A daily oral dose of hydromethanolic crude extracts (200 and 400mg/kg b.w.) and chloroform fraction (200mg/kg b.w.) of Artemisia indica for 15 days showed a significant reduction in blood glucose level which was comparable to that of the standard antidiabetic drug, glibenclamide (500 μg/kg, p.o.). Artemisia indica extracts also showed reduction in total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoproteins as well as serum creatinine level, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in diabetic rats. According to the results Artemisia indica possesses hypoglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and valuable effects on liver and renal functions in diabetic rats, which seems to validate its traditional usage.

Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2013

The anatomic shape of maxillary premolars show a tendency towards separation of their cusps durin... more The anatomic shape of maxillary premolars show a tendency towards separation of their cusps during mastication after endodontic treatment. Preservation of the marginal ridge of endodontically treated and restored premolars can act as a strengthening factor and improve the fracture resistance. To evaluate the effect of varying thickness of marginal ridge on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored with composite and Ribbond reinforced composites. One hundred and twenty, freshly extracted, non carious human mature maxillary premolars were selected for this experimental in vitro study. The teeth were randomly assigned in to twelve groups ( n = 10). Group 1 received no preparation. All the premolars in other groups were root canal treated. In subgroups of 3 and 4, DO cavities were prepared while MOD cavities were prepared for all subgroups of group 2, the dimensions of the proximal boxes were kept uniform. In group 3 and 4 the dimensions of the mesial marginal ridge were measured using a digital Vernier caliper as 2 mm, 1.5 mm, 1 mm and 0.5 mm in the respective subgroups. All samples in groups 2.2 and all the subgroups of 3 were restored with a dentin bonding agent and resin composite. The teeth in group 2.3 and all subgroups of 4 were restored with composite reinforced with Ribbond fibers. The premolars were submitted to axial compression up to failure at 45 degree angle to a palatal cusp in universal testing machine. The mean load necessary to fracture was recorded in Newtons and the data was analysed. There was a highly significant difference between mean values of force required to fracture teeth in group 1 and all subgroups of group 2, 3 and 4 (i.e., P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01) CONCLUSION: On the basis of static loading, preserving the mesial marginal ridge with thicknesses of mm, 1.5 mm, 1 mm and 0.5 mm, composite restored and Ribbond reinforced composite restored maxillary premolars can help preserve the fracture resistance of teeth.