VINCENT K MUKTHAR - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by VINCENT K MUKTHAR

East African medical journal, 2012

OBJECTIVE To determine whether there is a relationship between male involvement in maternal healt... more OBJECTIVE To determine whether there is a relationship between male involvement in maternal health and utilisation of skilled birth attendants (SBAs) after controlling for socio-demographic and maternal characteristics. DESIGN Data from the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) conducted in 2008-09 were analysed. SETTING Nationally representative survey in Kenya. SUBJECTS The unit of analysis was couples who met the inclusion criteria of being married and having had a child in the three years before the survey. RESULTS The adjusted odds ratio after controlling for other factors indicates that women whose husbands attended at least one ANC visit were more likely to have skilled birth attendance than those whose husbands did not attend any ANC visits [AOR, 1.9; 95 percent CI, 1.09-3.32]. Maternal characteristics that had a statistically significant association with delivery by an SBA included educational level, employment, number of ANC visits, and parity. The province where the ...

Objective : This study sought to establish the maternal determinants of neonatal mortality among ... more Objective : This study sought to establish the maternal determinants of neonatal mortality among mothers delivering in Nakuru county level 5 Hospital, Kenya.. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used and a total of 278 respondents took part in the study. Questionnaires, focused group discussion and key informants interview guide were used to collect data.. RESULTS: 20% (n=56) of the respondents reported having had a neonatal death in their present and past pregnancies hence a prevalence rate of 21 %( 95% CI). Neonatal mortality was significantly associated with the mother’s demographic, cultural and social factors. Moreover, from qualitative data, there was a linkage between neonatal deaths and maternal economic factors. CONCLUSION: Most maternal determinants had an influence on neonatal mortality thus accepted the alternative hypothesis in the study. The Health care providers should ensure that mothers are empowered with knowledge on prevention of neonatal mortality which should include counseling on risk factors like advanced age during pregnancy and risk of multiple sexual partners. First time mothers should be encouraged to join social support groups during pregnancy and after delivery for better neonatal outcome and more studies in other establishments should also be done to support and validate the findings of this study. Keywords: Maternal determinants, Neonatal mortality, Mothers delivering and Neonatal mortality rate.

EPH - International Journal of Medical and Health Science

Sound institutions and good governance go hand in hand, Kaufman and Kraay (2003) defines good gov... more Sound institutions and good governance go hand in hand, Kaufman and Kraay (2003) defines good governance as “the traditions and institutions by which authority in a country is exercised”.it encompasses:- the capacity of the government to formulate and implement sound policies, manage resources and provide services efficiently; and the process that allows citizens to select, hold accountable, monitor and replace government; and, the institutions that govern economic and social interaction.

East African Medical Journal, 2016

Pneumonia is the leading cause of child mortality worldwide. Statistics have shown that pneumococ... more Pneumonia is the leading cause of child mortality worldwide. Statistics have shown that pneumococcal infections kill approximately one million children worldwide (WHO, 2009). Routine childhood vaccination reduces the burden of pneumococcal disease in children (Reed, 2011). Since the introduction of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) a group of investigators have found a 69% drop in rate of invasive pneumococcal disease in children less than one year old. This was a cross-sectional hospital-based quantitative and qualitative study conducted in Maternal Child Health (MCH) clinic and pediatric wards of KNH It involved parents/caregivers (n= 66) bringing their children to the hospital and (n=37) caregivers of children admitted. The main objective of this study was to establish the determinants of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine uptake among children brought to Kenyatta national Hospital. Simple random sampling was used to identify parents/guardian of children aged below two years. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect data from the correspondents. Key informant interview with nurse in-charges was also conducted. Data were analyzed USlJ1gsoftware Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18.0. Research results were presented in frequency distribution tables, graphs pie charts and other forms of descriptive statistics. Income p=O.OI, parity=0.03, education level p=O.Ol, age p=0.04 and occupation P=O-OII of the caregivers showed statistical significance with vaccine uptake. Also a friendly attitude from health personnel was shown to motivate parents/guardians' adherence to vaccination schedules. Government should develop an education package to educate the public on the availability and benefits of the vaccine to increase awareness to the public .Education of the girl child should be emphasized as the current study found that those with secondary level of education and higher were more likely to accept their children to receive PVC.

Objective: To determine the uptake and factors associated with the uptake of modern contraceptive... more Objective: To determine the uptake and factors associated with the uptake of modern contraceptives among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) attending Maternal Child Health and Family Planning Clinics/Units in Rift Valley Provincial Hospital in Kenya.Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study.Setting: Rift Valley Provincial hospital which is a level five health facility situated in Nakuru County, Kenya.Subjects: Women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who were attending Maternal Child Health and Family Planning Clinics at the Rift Valley Provincial Hospital. The respondents were identified by systematic random samplingResults: Modern contraceptive uptake is over ninety percent (90.4,n=218). The factors that are significantly associated with uptake of modern contraceptives are perceived convenience to use modern contraceptives (OR 0.39, CI: 0.16 - 0.93, p value- 0.04), experience of unmet needs of contraception (OR 0.08, CI: 0.03 – 0.2, p value- 0.001), history of a modern cont...

Objective : This study sought to establish the maternal determinants of neonatal mortality among ... more Objective : This study sought to establish the maternal determinants of neonatal mortality among mothers delivering in Nakuru county level 5 Hospital, Kenya.. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used and a total of 278 respondents took part in the study. Questionnaires, focused group discussion and key informants interview guide were used to collect data.. RESULTS: 20% (n=56) of the respondents reported having had a neonatal death in their present and past pregnancies hence a prevalence rate of 21 %( 95% CI). Neonatal mortality was significantly associated with the mother’s demographic, cultural and social factors. Moreover, from qualitative data, there was a linkage between neonatal deaths and maternal economic factors. CONCLUSION: Most maternal determinants had an influence on neonatal mortality thus accepted the alternative hypothesis in the study. The Health care providers should ensure that mothers are empowered with knowledge on prevention of neonatal mortality w...

Introduction: Ethics have been regarded as a vital part of nursing as a profession since the begi... more Introduction: Ethics have been regarded as a vital part of nursing as a profession since the beginning of modern nursing, starting with the era of Florence Nightingale. Ethical distress occurs when ethical problems arise among nurses in different situations such as when they have to make decisions on life-sustaining treatment. Different factors such as hospital policies can give rise to ethical problems. These problems clearly lead to ethical distress among nurses who have to make different decisions with regard to patients’ care; ethical action can be described as listening to patients, putting their needs first and upholding confidentiality. The aim of this study was to describe ethical distress as perceived by nurses in Kenya. Methods: The study was done at Kenyatta National Hospital, Machakos and Kisii County Referral Hospitals A qualitative phenomenological design was used. Convenience sampling was used to select the hospitals and informants from a population of registered nurs...

East African medical journal, 2014

OBJECTIVE To analyse the infection prevention practices in handling of injections by nurses in Ri... more OBJECTIVE To analyse the infection prevention practices in handling of injections by nurses in Rift Valley Provincial Hospital in Kenya. DESIGN A cross-sectional observational study. SETTING Rift Valley Provincial hospital which is a level five health facility situated in Nakuru County, Kenya. SUBJECTS A sample of 386 injection procedures attributed to the nurses in Rift Valley Provincial Hospital was considered for this study. RESULTS The study established that among all the injections administered in this study, 43.7% (386) adhered to aseptic techniques. Over seventy five percent (76.9%, n = 386) of the observed injections procedures did not involve the hand-washing, 53.4% (n = 206) did not involve swabbing of a vial rubber cap with alcohol swabs and 95.1%(n = 263) involved using of multidose drug in more than one designated patient. Over ninety five percent (95.6%, n = 364) of the observed procedures involved use of sterile the syringe bit of the devices only while the rest used ...

Abstract Background: World Health Organization (2010) estimates that over 2.5% of all HIV and o... more Abstract Background: World Health Organization (2010) estimates that over 2.5% of all HIV and other infections in sub-Saharan Africa are transmitted through blood and body fluids exposures. Percutaneous injuries are frequent occurrences to nurses and are not always adequately assessed and/or addressed because of massive under-reporting of the accidents. Objective: To analyse the effectiveness of of structured education to Registered Nurses in influencing the compliance with the Standard Precautions and incidence rate of percutaneous injuries in Selected County Referral Hospitals Methodology: This was a prospective Quasi Experimental study. The respondents were registered nurses in the selected hospitals. These nurses were exposed to structured education as the intervention where self-administered Questionnaires and an Observational schedule were used before and after the intervention. The study has employed both descriptive and inferential statistics to analyse the data. Results have been presented in text, tables and graphically. Findings: The study established that a previous year percutaneous injuries prevalence was still high at 32.1% with a mean frequency of 2.1(SD=1.3) injuries per respondent. The annual percutaneous incidence rate was 18.6 and and 25.8 injuries per 100 fulltime employees respectively for the study group and the control group after the intervention. Around 70% of the percutaneous injuries are not derreported. The self-reported knowledge scores on the Standard Precautions was 58.5%. Conclusion: It is the submission of this study that both self-efficacy and collective efficacy of healthcare workers on sharp management is a product of vicarious learning by friendly and conducive environment, motivation and robust cognitive understanding. Educational interventions should be rooted in the Social Cognitive Theory, Thorndikes Principles of Learning for greater impacts and desirable outcomes on nurses. Key Words: Percutaneous Injuries, Reporting, Needle Stick Injuries

Abstract Objective : To establish the prevalence and reporting of percutaneous injuries among... more Abstract Objective : To establish the prevalence and reporting of percutaneous injuries among the Registered Nurses in Selected County Hospitals in Kenya Design : This was a cross-sectional hospital-based quantitative Setting : Two County Referral Hospitals purposively selected for this study were Baringo County Referral Hospital and Nandi County Referral Hospital both of which are situated in the Rift Valley Region of Kenya. Subject s/Respondents: The respondents were all the Registered Nurses in the selected County Referral Hospitals. Results : A majority(57.2%, n=145) of the respondents had experienced at least one percutaneous injuries with those afflicted recording an average of 2.2 (SD=1.3) injuries per person in the last five years. Using Logistic Regression, it was established that Odds ratio of getting afflicted with Percutaneous Injuries comparing by gender is 0.47, 95%CI= (0.22-0.99). Simple linear regression established that the number of percutaneous injuries are predicted by age(R 2 =0.48, p<0.01) and experience in years(R 2 =0.59, p<0.01). Slightly less than a third (27.7%, n=83) of those afflicted by percutaneous injuries report to the hospital authorities for further management. All the respondents indicated that they have encountered at least one body fluids/ secretions splash on them but only around a third (35.9%, n=145) indicated having reported to the hospital authorities for further management. Conclusion: The study concluded that percutaneous injuries and blood/body fluids splashes is still a major cause of concern and an occupational hazard to the nurses that needs to be addressed in totality. Most of those exposed to these occupational hazards are relactant to report to the authorities for further management. Keywords : Percutaneous Injuries, Needle stick Injuries, Reporting, Blood/body Fluid Exposure

East African Medical Journal, 2016

Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 2017

Background: There is general knowledge deficiency on the Standard Precautions that contribute to ... more Background: There is general knowledge deficiency on the Standard Precautions that contribute to risky behaviours amongst nurse and that compliance with the Standard Precautions is still not a common practice. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of Social Cognitive Theory-based educational Intervention to Registered Nurses in influencing the knowledge and compliance with the Standard Precautions in Selected County Referral Hospitals in Kenya. Methodology: This was a prospective Quasi Experimental study. The respondents were registered nurses in the selected hospitals. The instruments were self-administered Questionnaires and Observational schedule. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. The study has employed both descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze the data. Results have been presented in text, tables and graphically. Findings: The knowledge on the Standard Precautions increased from 57.7% to 66.2% after the educational intervention. The selfreported compliance on the Standard Precautions improved from 46.3% to 73.8% after the educational intervention. The observed compliance on the Standard Precautions was 62.7%. The observed compliance scores on the Standard Precautions increased from 61.3% to 67.6% after the educational intervention. Conclusion: It is the submissions of this study that both self-efficacy and collective efficacy of healthcare workers on the standard Precautions is a function of vicarious learning, conducive environment, motivation and robust cognitive understanding. Educational interventions should be rooted in the Social Cognitive Theory, Thorndike's Principles of Learning and principles of androgogy for greater impacts and desirable outcomes on nurses.

Objective : To establish the prevalence and reporting of percutaneous injuries among the Regi... more Objective : To establish the prevalence and reporting of percutaneous injuries among the Registered Nurses in Selected County Hospitals in Kenya Design : This was a cross-sectional hospital-based quantitative Setting : Two County Referral Hospitals purposively selected for this study were Baringo County Referral Hospital and Nandi County Referral Hospital both of which are situated in the Rift Valley Region of Kenya. Subject s/Respondents: The respondents were all the Registered Nurses in the selected County Referral Hospitals. Results : A majority(57.2%, n=145) of the respondents had experienced at least one percutaneous injuries with those afflicted recording an average of 2.2 (SD=1.3) injuries per person in the last five years. Using Logistic Regression, it was established that Odds ratio of getting afflicted with Percutaneous Injuries comparing by gender is 0.47, 95%CI= (0.22-0.99). Simple linear regression established that the number of percutaneous injuries are predicted ...

Background: World Health Organization (2010) estimates that over 2.5% of all HIV and other infec... more Background: World Health Organization (2010) estimates that over 2.5% of all HIV and other infections in sub-Saharan Africa are transmitted through blood and body fluids exposures. Percutaneous injuries are frequent occurrences to nurses and are not always adequately assessed and/or addressed because of massive under-reporting of the accidents. Objective: To analyse the effectiveness of of structured education to Registered Nurses in influencing the compliance with the Standard Precautions and incidence rate of percutaneous injuries in Selected County Referral Hospitals Methodology: This was a prospective Quasi Experimental study. The respondents were registered nurses in the selected hospitals. These nurses were exposed to structured education as the intervention where self-administered Questionnaires and an Observational schedule were used before and after the intervention. The study has employed both descriptive and inferential statistics to analyse the data. Results have ...

East African medical journal, 2012

OBJECTIVE To determine whether there is a relationship between male involvement in maternal healt... more OBJECTIVE To determine whether there is a relationship between male involvement in maternal health and utilisation of skilled birth attendants (SBAs) after controlling for socio-demographic and maternal characteristics. DESIGN Data from the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) conducted in 2008-09 were analysed. SETTING Nationally representative survey in Kenya. SUBJECTS The unit of analysis was couples who met the inclusion criteria of being married and having had a child in the three years before the survey. RESULTS The adjusted odds ratio after controlling for other factors indicates that women whose husbands attended at least one ANC visit were more likely to have skilled birth attendance than those whose husbands did not attend any ANC visits [AOR, 1.9; 95 percent CI, 1.09-3.32]. Maternal characteristics that had a statistically significant association with delivery by an SBA included educational level, employment, number of ANC visits, and parity. The province where the ...

Objective : This study sought to establish the maternal determinants of neonatal mortality among ... more Objective : This study sought to establish the maternal determinants of neonatal mortality among mothers delivering in Nakuru county level 5 Hospital, Kenya.. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used and a total of 278 respondents took part in the study. Questionnaires, focused group discussion and key informants interview guide were used to collect data.. RESULTS: 20% (n=56) of the respondents reported having had a neonatal death in their present and past pregnancies hence a prevalence rate of 21 %( 95% CI). Neonatal mortality was significantly associated with the mother’s demographic, cultural and social factors. Moreover, from qualitative data, there was a linkage between neonatal deaths and maternal economic factors. CONCLUSION: Most maternal determinants had an influence on neonatal mortality thus accepted the alternative hypothesis in the study. The Health care providers should ensure that mothers are empowered with knowledge on prevention of neonatal mortality which should include counseling on risk factors like advanced age during pregnancy and risk of multiple sexual partners. First time mothers should be encouraged to join social support groups during pregnancy and after delivery for better neonatal outcome and more studies in other establishments should also be done to support and validate the findings of this study. Keywords: Maternal determinants, Neonatal mortality, Mothers delivering and Neonatal mortality rate.

EPH - International Journal of Medical and Health Science

Sound institutions and good governance go hand in hand, Kaufman and Kraay (2003) defines good gov... more Sound institutions and good governance go hand in hand, Kaufman and Kraay (2003) defines good governance as “the traditions and institutions by which authority in a country is exercised”.it encompasses:- the capacity of the government to formulate and implement sound policies, manage resources and provide services efficiently; and the process that allows citizens to select, hold accountable, monitor and replace government; and, the institutions that govern economic and social interaction.

East African Medical Journal, 2016

Pneumonia is the leading cause of child mortality worldwide. Statistics have shown that pneumococ... more Pneumonia is the leading cause of child mortality worldwide. Statistics have shown that pneumococcal infections kill approximately one million children worldwide (WHO, 2009). Routine childhood vaccination reduces the burden of pneumococcal disease in children (Reed, 2011). Since the introduction of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) a group of investigators have found a 69% drop in rate of invasive pneumococcal disease in children less than one year old. This was a cross-sectional hospital-based quantitative and qualitative study conducted in Maternal Child Health (MCH) clinic and pediatric wards of KNH It involved parents/caregivers (n= 66) bringing their children to the hospital and (n=37) caregivers of children admitted. The main objective of this study was to establish the determinants of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine uptake among children brought to Kenyatta national Hospital. Simple random sampling was used to identify parents/guardian of children aged below two years. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect data from the correspondents. Key informant interview with nurse in-charges was also conducted. Data were analyzed USlJ1gsoftware Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18.0. Research results were presented in frequency distribution tables, graphs pie charts and other forms of descriptive statistics. Income p=O.OI, parity=0.03, education level p=O.Ol, age p=0.04 and occupation P=O-OII of the caregivers showed statistical significance with vaccine uptake. Also a friendly attitude from health personnel was shown to motivate parents/guardians' adherence to vaccination schedules. Government should develop an education package to educate the public on the availability and benefits of the vaccine to increase awareness to the public .Education of the girl child should be emphasized as the current study found that those with secondary level of education and higher were more likely to accept their children to receive PVC.

Objective: To determine the uptake and factors associated with the uptake of modern contraceptive... more Objective: To determine the uptake and factors associated with the uptake of modern contraceptives among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) attending Maternal Child Health and Family Planning Clinics/Units in Rift Valley Provincial Hospital in Kenya.Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study.Setting: Rift Valley Provincial hospital which is a level five health facility situated in Nakuru County, Kenya.Subjects: Women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who were attending Maternal Child Health and Family Planning Clinics at the Rift Valley Provincial Hospital. The respondents were identified by systematic random samplingResults: Modern contraceptive uptake is over ninety percent (90.4,n=218). The factors that are significantly associated with uptake of modern contraceptives are perceived convenience to use modern contraceptives (OR 0.39, CI: 0.16 - 0.93, p value- 0.04), experience of unmet needs of contraception (OR 0.08, CI: 0.03 – 0.2, p value- 0.001), history of a modern cont...

Objective : This study sought to establish the maternal determinants of neonatal mortality among ... more Objective : This study sought to establish the maternal determinants of neonatal mortality among mothers delivering in Nakuru county level 5 Hospital, Kenya.. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used and a total of 278 respondents took part in the study. Questionnaires, focused group discussion and key informants interview guide were used to collect data.. RESULTS: 20% (n=56) of the respondents reported having had a neonatal death in their present and past pregnancies hence a prevalence rate of 21 %( 95% CI). Neonatal mortality was significantly associated with the mother’s demographic, cultural and social factors. Moreover, from qualitative data, there was a linkage between neonatal deaths and maternal economic factors. CONCLUSION: Most maternal determinants had an influence on neonatal mortality thus accepted the alternative hypothesis in the study. The Health care providers should ensure that mothers are empowered with knowledge on prevention of neonatal mortality w...

Introduction: Ethics have been regarded as a vital part of nursing as a profession since the begi... more Introduction: Ethics have been regarded as a vital part of nursing as a profession since the beginning of modern nursing, starting with the era of Florence Nightingale. Ethical distress occurs when ethical problems arise among nurses in different situations such as when they have to make decisions on life-sustaining treatment. Different factors such as hospital policies can give rise to ethical problems. These problems clearly lead to ethical distress among nurses who have to make different decisions with regard to patients’ care; ethical action can be described as listening to patients, putting their needs first and upholding confidentiality. The aim of this study was to describe ethical distress as perceived by nurses in Kenya. Methods: The study was done at Kenyatta National Hospital, Machakos and Kisii County Referral Hospitals A qualitative phenomenological design was used. Convenience sampling was used to select the hospitals and informants from a population of registered nurs...

East African medical journal, 2014

OBJECTIVE To analyse the infection prevention practices in handling of injections by nurses in Ri... more OBJECTIVE To analyse the infection prevention practices in handling of injections by nurses in Rift Valley Provincial Hospital in Kenya. DESIGN A cross-sectional observational study. SETTING Rift Valley Provincial hospital which is a level five health facility situated in Nakuru County, Kenya. SUBJECTS A sample of 386 injection procedures attributed to the nurses in Rift Valley Provincial Hospital was considered for this study. RESULTS The study established that among all the injections administered in this study, 43.7% (386) adhered to aseptic techniques. Over seventy five percent (76.9%, n = 386) of the observed injections procedures did not involve the hand-washing, 53.4% (n = 206) did not involve swabbing of a vial rubber cap with alcohol swabs and 95.1%(n = 263) involved using of multidose drug in more than one designated patient. Over ninety five percent (95.6%, n = 364) of the observed procedures involved use of sterile the syringe bit of the devices only while the rest used ...

Abstract Background: World Health Organization (2010) estimates that over 2.5% of all HIV and o... more Abstract Background: World Health Organization (2010) estimates that over 2.5% of all HIV and other infections in sub-Saharan Africa are transmitted through blood and body fluids exposures. Percutaneous injuries are frequent occurrences to nurses and are not always adequately assessed and/or addressed because of massive under-reporting of the accidents. Objective: To analyse the effectiveness of of structured education to Registered Nurses in influencing the compliance with the Standard Precautions and incidence rate of percutaneous injuries in Selected County Referral Hospitals Methodology: This was a prospective Quasi Experimental study. The respondents were registered nurses in the selected hospitals. These nurses were exposed to structured education as the intervention where self-administered Questionnaires and an Observational schedule were used before and after the intervention. The study has employed both descriptive and inferential statistics to analyse the data. Results have been presented in text, tables and graphically. Findings: The study established that a previous year percutaneous injuries prevalence was still high at 32.1% with a mean frequency of 2.1(SD=1.3) injuries per respondent. The annual percutaneous incidence rate was 18.6 and and 25.8 injuries per 100 fulltime employees respectively for the study group and the control group after the intervention. Around 70% of the percutaneous injuries are not derreported. The self-reported knowledge scores on the Standard Precautions was 58.5%. Conclusion: It is the submission of this study that both self-efficacy and collective efficacy of healthcare workers on sharp management is a product of vicarious learning by friendly and conducive environment, motivation and robust cognitive understanding. Educational interventions should be rooted in the Social Cognitive Theory, Thorndikes Principles of Learning for greater impacts and desirable outcomes on nurses. Key Words: Percutaneous Injuries, Reporting, Needle Stick Injuries

Abstract Objective : To establish the prevalence and reporting of percutaneous injuries among... more Abstract Objective : To establish the prevalence and reporting of percutaneous injuries among the Registered Nurses in Selected County Hospitals in Kenya Design : This was a cross-sectional hospital-based quantitative Setting : Two County Referral Hospitals purposively selected for this study were Baringo County Referral Hospital and Nandi County Referral Hospital both of which are situated in the Rift Valley Region of Kenya. Subject s/Respondents: The respondents were all the Registered Nurses in the selected County Referral Hospitals. Results : A majority(57.2%, n=145) of the respondents had experienced at least one percutaneous injuries with those afflicted recording an average of 2.2 (SD=1.3) injuries per person in the last five years. Using Logistic Regression, it was established that Odds ratio of getting afflicted with Percutaneous Injuries comparing by gender is 0.47, 95%CI= (0.22-0.99). Simple linear regression established that the number of percutaneous injuries are predicted by age(R 2 =0.48, p<0.01) and experience in years(R 2 =0.59, p<0.01). Slightly less than a third (27.7%, n=83) of those afflicted by percutaneous injuries report to the hospital authorities for further management. All the respondents indicated that they have encountered at least one body fluids/ secretions splash on them but only around a third (35.9%, n=145) indicated having reported to the hospital authorities for further management. Conclusion: The study concluded that percutaneous injuries and blood/body fluids splashes is still a major cause of concern and an occupational hazard to the nurses that needs to be addressed in totality. Most of those exposed to these occupational hazards are relactant to report to the authorities for further management. Keywords : Percutaneous Injuries, Needle stick Injuries, Reporting, Blood/body Fluid Exposure

East African Medical Journal, 2016

Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 2017

Background: There is general knowledge deficiency on the Standard Precautions that contribute to ... more Background: There is general knowledge deficiency on the Standard Precautions that contribute to risky behaviours amongst nurse and that compliance with the Standard Precautions is still not a common practice. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of Social Cognitive Theory-based educational Intervention to Registered Nurses in influencing the knowledge and compliance with the Standard Precautions in Selected County Referral Hospitals in Kenya. Methodology: This was a prospective Quasi Experimental study. The respondents were registered nurses in the selected hospitals. The instruments were self-administered Questionnaires and Observational schedule. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. The study has employed both descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze the data. Results have been presented in text, tables and graphically. Findings: The knowledge on the Standard Precautions increased from 57.7% to 66.2% after the educational intervention. The selfreported compliance on the Standard Precautions improved from 46.3% to 73.8% after the educational intervention. The observed compliance on the Standard Precautions was 62.7%. The observed compliance scores on the Standard Precautions increased from 61.3% to 67.6% after the educational intervention. Conclusion: It is the submissions of this study that both self-efficacy and collective efficacy of healthcare workers on the standard Precautions is a function of vicarious learning, conducive environment, motivation and robust cognitive understanding. Educational interventions should be rooted in the Social Cognitive Theory, Thorndike's Principles of Learning and principles of androgogy for greater impacts and desirable outcomes on nurses.

Objective : To establish the prevalence and reporting of percutaneous injuries among the Regi... more Objective : To establish the prevalence and reporting of percutaneous injuries among the Registered Nurses in Selected County Hospitals in Kenya Design : This was a cross-sectional hospital-based quantitative Setting : Two County Referral Hospitals purposively selected for this study were Baringo County Referral Hospital and Nandi County Referral Hospital both of which are situated in the Rift Valley Region of Kenya. Subject s/Respondents: The respondents were all the Registered Nurses in the selected County Referral Hospitals. Results : A majority(57.2%, n=145) of the respondents had experienced at least one percutaneous injuries with those afflicted recording an average of 2.2 (SD=1.3) injuries per person in the last five years. Using Logistic Regression, it was established that Odds ratio of getting afflicted with Percutaneous Injuries comparing by gender is 0.47, 95%CI= (0.22-0.99). Simple linear regression established that the number of percutaneous injuries are predicted ...

Background: World Health Organization (2010) estimates that over 2.5% of all HIV and other infec... more Background: World Health Organization (2010) estimates that over 2.5% of all HIV and other infections in sub-Saharan Africa are transmitted through blood and body fluids exposures. Percutaneous injuries are frequent occurrences to nurses and are not always adequately assessed and/or addressed because of massive under-reporting of the accidents. Objective: To analyse the effectiveness of of structured education to Registered Nurses in influencing the compliance with the Standard Precautions and incidence rate of percutaneous injuries in Selected County Referral Hospitals Methodology: This was a prospective Quasi Experimental study. The respondents were registered nurses in the selected hospitals. These nurses were exposed to structured education as the intervention where self-administered Questionnaires and an Observational schedule were used before and after the intervention. The study has employed both descriptive and inferential statistics to analyse the data. Results have ...