Vladimir Kurlov - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Vladimir Kurlov

Research paper thumbnail of Sapphire shaped crystals for laser-assisted cryodestruction of biological tissues

Saratov Fall Meeting 2017: Optical Technologies in Biophysics and Medicine XIX, 2018

We have developed cryoapplicators based on the sapphire shaped crystals fabricated using the edge... more We have developed cryoapplicators based on the sapphire shaped crystals fabricated using the edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) and noncapillary shaping (NCS) techniques. Due to the unique physical properties of sapphire-i.e. high thermal, mechanical, and chemical strength, impressive thermal conductivity and optical transparency, these cryoapplicators yield combination of the tissue cryodestruction with its exposure to laser radiation for controlling the thermal regimes of cryosurgery, and with the optical diagnosis of tissue freezing. We have applied the proposed sapphire cryoapplicators for the destruction of tissues in vitro. The observed results highlight the prospectives of the sapphire cryoapplicators in cryosurgery.

Research paper thumbnail of Opal-based terahertz optical elements fabricated by self-assembly of porous SiO2 nanoparticles

Optics Express, 2021

In this paper, we study artificial opals as a promising material platform for terahertz (THz) opt... more In this paper, we study artificial opals as a promising material platform for terahertz (THz) optics. Materials were synthesized using self-assembly of porous SiO2 nanoparticles and annealing at different temperatures to further tune their optical properties. Two distinct approaches for the fabrication of bulk THz optics from these novel materials were considered. First, THz cylindrical lenses of identical geometry but different refractive indices and focal lengths were produced using standard mechanical processing of opals, in order to highlight their compatibility with conventional technologies of bulk optics fabrication. Second, a THz axicone was made via direct sedimentation of aqueous colloidal suspension of SiO2 nanoparticles in the mold of geometry inverse to that of a desired optical shape, followed by annealing and polishing. The second approach has an advantage of being considerably less labor intensive, while capable of obtaining optical elements of complex geometries. Th...

Research paper thumbnail of Proof of concept for continuously-tunable terahertz bandpass filter based on a gradient metal-hole array

Optics Express, 2020

A continuously-tunable terahertz (THz) bandpass filter based on the resonant electromagnetic-wave... more A continuously-tunable terahertz (THz) bandpass filter based on the resonant electromagnetic-wave transmission through a metal-hole array featuring a gradually changing period was developed and fabricated on a silicon substrate using optical lithography. A gradient geometry of the metal-hole array yields a wide tunability of the filter transmission, when operating with a focussed THz beam. The filter was studied numerically, using the finite element method, and experimentally, using the THz pulsed spectroscopy. We find that the central wavelength of the filter transmission band can be tuned in the wide range of λc = 400–800 μm with the relative bandwidth of Δλ/λc ≃ ~0.4. Finally, Kapton-based anti-reflection coating was applied to the filter flat side, in order to suppress an interference pattern in the filter transmission spectrum. We believe that the developed filter holds strong potential for multispectral THz imaging and sensing due to its conceptual simplicity and case of opera...

Research paper thumbnail of Optimization of sapphire capillary needles for interstitial and percutaneous laser medicine

Journal of Biomedical Optics, 2019

Sapphire capillary needles fabricated by edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) technique hold strong... more Sapphire capillary needles fabricated by edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) technique hold strong potential in laser thermotherapy and photodynamic therapy, thanks to the advanced physical properties of sapphire. These needles feature an as-grown optical quality, their length is tens of centimeters, and they contain internal capillary channels, with open or closed ends. They can serve as optically transparent bearing elements with optical fibers introduced into their capillary channels in order to deliver laser radiation to biological tissues for therapeutic and, in some cases, diagnostic purposes. A potential advantage of the EFG-grown sapphire needles is associated with an ability to form the tip of a needle with complex geometry, either as-grown or mechanically treated, aimed at controlling the output radiation pattern. In order to examine a potential of the radiation pattern shaping, we present a set of fabricated sapphire needles with different tips. We studied the radiation patterns formed at the output of these needles using a He-Ne laser as a light source, and used intralipid-based tissue phantoms to proof the concept experimentally and the Monte-Carlo modeling to proof it numerically. The observed results demonstrate a good agreement between the numerical and experimental data and reveal an ability to control within wide limits the direction of tissue exposure to light and the amount of exposed tissue by managing the sapphire needle tip geometry.

Research paper thumbnail of Sapphire Photonic Crystal Waveguides for Terahertz Sensing in Aggressive Environments

Advanced Optical Materials, 2018

nondestructive testing and imaging, [10] and public security. [11] Most recently, THz frequency b... more nondestructive testing and imaging, [10] and public security. [11] Most recently, THz frequency band was explored for applications in sensing and process monitoring in aggressive environments, which presents its own set of unique material and design requirements for the THz optics components and instrumentation. In these applications, using THz waveguides and fibers offer many benefits over the use of bulk optics. For example, application of the THz waves in medical diagnosis requires flexible radiation delivery to the hard-to-access tissues and internal organs, which can be effectively accomplished using slender THz fibers. At the same time, such fibers must be made of biofriendly materials, and they have to be resistant to the in vivo chemical composition of the biotissues. [12] Similarly, application of the THz waves in monitoring of chemical reactions and phase transitions, [13] diagnosis of plasmas, [14] monitoring of processes in combustion engines, [15] study of metal and alloy melts, [16] all require waveguides with advanced mechanical, chemical and thermal properties. Additionally, application of the THz waves in the open-space astrophysics [17] requires THz waveguides featuring high radiation strength and resistance to the temperature fluctuations and gradients. In view of the many important practical and fundamental applications, there is a clear need for the durable

Research paper thumbnail of Nanoparticle-enabled experimentally trained wavelet-domain denoising method for optical coherence tomography

Journal of Biomedical Optics, 2018

We present the nanoparticle-enabled experimentally trained wavelet-domain denoising method for op... more We present the nanoparticle-enabled experimentally trained wavelet-domain denoising method for optical coherence tomography (OCT). It employs an experimental training algorithm based on imaging of a test-object, made of the colloidal suspension of the monodisperse nanoparticles and contains the microscale inclusions. The geometry and the scattering properties of the test-object are known a priori allowing us to set the criteria for the training algorithm. Using a wide set of the wavelet kernels and the wavelet-domain filtration approaches, the appropriate filter is constructed based on the test-object imaging. We apply the proposed approach and chose an efficient wavelet denoising procedure by considering the combinations of the decomposition basis from five wavelet families with eight types of the filtration threshold. We demonstrate applicability of the wavelet-filtering for the in vitro OCT image of human brain meningioma. The observed results prove high efficiency of the proposed OCT image denoising technique.

Research paper thumbnail of Sapphire shaped crystals for medicine

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2016

The favorable combination of excellent optical and mechanical properties of sapphire makes it an ... more The favorable combination of excellent optical and mechanical properties of sapphire makes it an attractive structural material for medicine. We have developed a new kind of medical instruments and devices for laser photodynamic and thermal therapy, laser surgery, fluorescent diagnostics, and cryosurgery based on sapphire crystals of various shapes with capillary channels in their volume.

Research paper thumbnail of Growth of profiled lithium niobate crystals with a regular domain structure

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of the profile curves of the menisci for the crystal growth by the edge-defined film-fed growth (Stepanov) technique

Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Scintillation fibers and nanoscintillators for improving the spatial, spectrometric, and time resolution of radiation detectors

Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Peculiarities of nanostructured silicon carbide films and coatings obtained by novel technique

Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of New shaped ceramics based on silicon carbide

Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Shaped Crystal Growth

Crystal Growth Processes Based on Capillarity, 2010

ABSTRACT This chapter contains sections titled: IntroductionShaped SiSapphire Shaped Crystal Grow... more ABSTRACT This chapter contains sections titled: IntroductionShaped SiSapphire Shaped Crystal GrowthShaped Crystals Grown by the Micro-Pulling Down Technique (µ-PD)Conclusions References

Research paper thumbnail of Oxide Fibers Produced by Internal Crystallization Method and their Usage in Oxide-Matrix Composites

KRENKEL:HIGH.TEMP.CERAMIC O-BK, 2001

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of the features of meniscus profile curves during growth of base-faceted sapphire ribbons

Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics, 2009

The dependence of the step parameters on the surface of base faceted sapphire ribbons on the angl... more The dependence of the step parameters on the surface of base faceted sapphire ribbons on the angle of deviation of crystallographic orientation has been measured. A model of step formation on the lateral ribbon surface is proposed. Hysteretic character of the dependence of the lateral ribbon surface inclination on the meniscus angle at the triple point is shown. The shapes of the lateral surfaces are calculated and the range of variation in the meniscus angle is determined.

Research paper thumbnail of Sapphire Smart Scalpel

AIP Conference Proceedings, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of A review of developments in shaped crystal growth of sapphire by the Stepanov and related techniques

Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials, 2002

Contents 1. Introduction 2. Variable Shaping Technique (VST) 3. Noncapillary Shaping (NCS) 3. I. ... more Contents 1. Introduction 2. Variable Shaping Technique (VST) 3. Noncapillary Shaping (NCS) 3. I. Description of the technique 3.2 The growth of high quality shaped sapphire crystals with large cross-section. 3.2.1 The growth of crystals with a prc-determined cross-sectional shape 3.2.2 The growth of crystals with a variable cross-section 3.2.2.1 Growth near-net shaped dome crystals by the NCS technique 4. Growth from an Element of Shape (GES) 4.1 Control of gas bubbles 4.2 Growth near-net shaped dome crystals 4.3 Critical strain rate criterion for crack-free dome growth 5. Modulation-doped shaped crystal growth 5.1 Periodical doped structures 5.1.1 Obtaining periodic structures by the EFG technique 5.1.2 Obtaining layered crystals by the GES technique 5.2 Core-doped Fibers 5.2.1 Automatization as the base of high-quality core-doped fiber growth

Research paper thumbnail of Laue optics for nuclear astrophysics: New detector requirements for focused gamma-ray beams

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2009

Nuclear astrophysics presents an extraordinary scientific potential for the study of the most pow... more Nuclear astrophysics presents an extraordinary scientific potential for the study of the most powerful sources and the most violent events in the Universe. But in order to take full advantage of this potential, telescopes should be at least an order of magnitude more sensitive than present technologies. Today, Laue lenses have demonstrated their capability of focusing gamma-rays in the 100 keV-1 MeV domain, enabling the possibility of building a new generation of instruments for which sensitive area is decoupled from collecting area. Thus we have now the opportunity of dramatically increase the signal/ background ratio and hence improve significantly the sensitivity. With a lens, the best detector is no longer the largest possible within a mission envelope. The point spread function of a Laue lens measures a few centimeters in diameter, but the field of view is limited by the detector size. Requirements for a focal plane instrument are presented in the context of the Gamma-Ray Imager mission (proposed to European Space Agency, ESA in the framework of the first Cosmic Vision AO): a 15-20 cm a side finely pixellated detector capable of Compton events reconstruction seems to be optimal, giving polarization and background rejection capabilities and 30 arcsec of angular resolution within a field of view of 5 arc min.

Research paper thumbnail of The stepanov growth of LiNbO3 crystals

Journal of Crystal Growth, 1987

The growth of shaped LiNbO3 is described; the growth being controlled by a two-stage cooling proc... more The growth of shaped LiNbO3 is described; the growth being controlled by a two-stage cooling process. The ferroelectric domain sizes of these crystals could be produced and varied by growing the crystals in a polarizing field and periodically varying the pulling rate.

Research paper thumbnail of Investigation of the growth conditions of gadolinium molybdate crystals

Journal of Crystal Growth, 1990

... et a!. Investigation of growth conditions of gadolinium molybdate crystals 79 In order to obt... more ... et a!. Investigation of growth conditions of gadolinium molybdate crystals 79 In order to obtain gadolinium molybdate crystals in the [0011 direction, we employed a die for which the melt meniscus could move freely across the die working surface ... [4] JR Barkley, Ferroelectrics 3 ...

Research paper thumbnail of Sapphire shaped crystals for laser-assisted cryodestruction of biological tissues

Saratov Fall Meeting 2017: Optical Technologies in Biophysics and Medicine XIX, 2018

We have developed cryoapplicators based on the sapphire shaped crystals fabricated using the edge... more We have developed cryoapplicators based on the sapphire shaped crystals fabricated using the edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) and noncapillary shaping (NCS) techniques. Due to the unique physical properties of sapphire-i.e. high thermal, mechanical, and chemical strength, impressive thermal conductivity and optical transparency, these cryoapplicators yield combination of the tissue cryodestruction with its exposure to laser radiation for controlling the thermal regimes of cryosurgery, and with the optical diagnosis of tissue freezing. We have applied the proposed sapphire cryoapplicators for the destruction of tissues in vitro. The observed results highlight the prospectives of the sapphire cryoapplicators in cryosurgery.

Research paper thumbnail of Opal-based terahertz optical elements fabricated by self-assembly of porous SiO2 nanoparticles

Optics Express, 2021

In this paper, we study artificial opals as a promising material platform for terahertz (THz) opt... more In this paper, we study artificial opals as a promising material platform for terahertz (THz) optics. Materials were synthesized using self-assembly of porous SiO2 nanoparticles and annealing at different temperatures to further tune their optical properties. Two distinct approaches for the fabrication of bulk THz optics from these novel materials were considered. First, THz cylindrical lenses of identical geometry but different refractive indices and focal lengths were produced using standard mechanical processing of opals, in order to highlight their compatibility with conventional technologies of bulk optics fabrication. Second, a THz axicone was made via direct sedimentation of aqueous colloidal suspension of SiO2 nanoparticles in the mold of geometry inverse to that of a desired optical shape, followed by annealing and polishing. The second approach has an advantage of being considerably less labor intensive, while capable of obtaining optical elements of complex geometries. Th...

Research paper thumbnail of Proof of concept for continuously-tunable terahertz bandpass filter based on a gradient metal-hole array

Optics Express, 2020

A continuously-tunable terahertz (THz) bandpass filter based on the resonant electromagnetic-wave... more A continuously-tunable terahertz (THz) bandpass filter based on the resonant electromagnetic-wave transmission through a metal-hole array featuring a gradually changing period was developed and fabricated on a silicon substrate using optical lithography. A gradient geometry of the metal-hole array yields a wide tunability of the filter transmission, when operating with a focussed THz beam. The filter was studied numerically, using the finite element method, and experimentally, using the THz pulsed spectroscopy. We find that the central wavelength of the filter transmission band can be tuned in the wide range of λc = 400–800 μm with the relative bandwidth of Δλ/λc ≃ ~0.4. Finally, Kapton-based anti-reflection coating was applied to the filter flat side, in order to suppress an interference pattern in the filter transmission spectrum. We believe that the developed filter holds strong potential for multispectral THz imaging and sensing due to its conceptual simplicity and case of opera...

Research paper thumbnail of Optimization of sapphire capillary needles for interstitial and percutaneous laser medicine

Journal of Biomedical Optics, 2019

Sapphire capillary needles fabricated by edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) technique hold strong... more Sapphire capillary needles fabricated by edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) technique hold strong potential in laser thermotherapy and photodynamic therapy, thanks to the advanced physical properties of sapphire. These needles feature an as-grown optical quality, their length is tens of centimeters, and they contain internal capillary channels, with open or closed ends. They can serve as optically transparent bearing elements with optical fibers introduced into their capillary channels in order to deliver laser radiation to biological tissues for therapeutic and, in some cases, diagnostic purposes. A potential advantage of the EFG-grown sapphire needles is associated with an ability to form the tip of a needle with complex geometry, either as-grown or mechanically treated, aimed at controlling the output radiation pattern. In order to examine a potential of the radiation pattern shaping, we present a set of fabricated sapphire needles with different tips. We studied the radiation patterns formed at the output of these needles using a He-Ne laser as a light source, and used intralipid-based tissue phantoms to proof the concept experimentally and the Monte-Carlo modeling to proof it numerically. The observed results demonstrate a good agreement between the numerical and experimental data and reveal an ability to control within wide limits the direction of tissue exposure to light and the amount of exposed tissue by managing the sapphire needle tip geometry.

Research paper thumbnail of Sapphire Photonic Crystal Waveguides for Terahertz Sensing in Aggressive Environments

Advanced Optical Materials, 2018

nondestructive testing and imaging, [10] and public security. [11] Most recently, THz frequency b... more nondestructive testing and imaging, [10] and public security. [11] Most recently, THz frequency band was explored for applications in sensing and process monitoring in aggressive environments, which presents its own set of unique material and design requirements for the THz optics components and instrumentation. In these applications, using THz waveguides and fibers offer many benefits over the use of bulk optics. For example, application of the THz waves in medical diagnosis requires flexible radiation delivery to the hard-to-access tissues and internal organs, which can be effectively accomplished using slender THz fibers. At the same time, such fibers must be made of biofriendly materials, and they have to be resistant to the in vivo chemical composition of the biotissues. [12] Similarly, application of the THz waves in monitoring of chemical reactions and phase transitions, [13] diagnosis of plasmas, [14] monitoring of processes in combustion engines, [15] study of metal and alloy melts, [16] all require waveguides with advanced mechanical, chemical and thermal properties. Additionally, application of the THz waves in the open-space astrophysics [17] requires THz waveguides featuring high radiation strength and resistance to the temperature fluctuations and gradients. In view of the many important practical and fundamental applications, there is a clear need for the durable

Research paper thumbnail of Nanoparticle-enabled experimentally trained wavelet-domain denoising method for optical coherence tomography

Journal of Biomedical Optics, 2018

We present the nanoparticle-enabled experimentally trained wavelet-domain denoising method for op... more We present the nanoparticle-enabled experimentally trained wavelet-domain denoising method for optical coherence tomography (OCT). It employs an experimental training algorithm based on imaging of a test-object, made of the colloidal suspension of the monodisperse nanoparticles and contains the microscale inclusions. The geometry and the scattering properties of the test-object are known a priori allowing us to set the criteria for the training algorithm. Using a wide set of the wavelet kernels and the wavelet-domain filtration approaches, the appropriate filter is constructed based on the test-object imaging. We apply the proposed approach and chose an efficient wavelet denoising procedure by considering the combinations of the decomposition basis from five wavelet families with eight types of the filtration threshold. We demonstrate applicability of the wavelet-filtering for the in vitro OCT image of human brain meningioma. The observed results prove high efficiency of the proposed OCT image denoising technique.

Research paper thumbnail of Sapphire shaped crystals for medicine

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2016

The favorable combination of excellent optical and mechanical properties of sapphire makes it an ... more The favorable combination of excellent optical and mechanical properties of sapphire makes it an attractive structural material for medicine. We have developed a new kind of medical instruments and devices for laser photodynamic and thermal therapy, laser surgery, fluorescent diagnostics, and cryosurgery based on sapphire crystals of various shapes with capillary channels in their volume.

Research paper thumbnail of Growth of profiled lithium niobate crystals with a regular domain structure

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of the profile curves of the menisci for the crystal growth by the edge-defined film-fed growth (Stepanov) technique

Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Scintillation fibers and nanoscintillators for improving the spatial, spectrometric, and time resolution of radiation detectors

Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Peculiarities of nanostructured silicon carbide films and coatings obtained by novel technique

Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of New shaped ceramics based on silicon carbide

Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Shaped Crystal Growth

Crystal Growth Processes Based on Capillarity, 2010

ABSTRACT This chapter contains sections titled: IntroductionShaped SiSapphire Shaped Crystal Grow... more ABSTRACT This chapter contains sections titled: IntroductionShaped SiSapphire Shaped Crystal GrowthShaped Crystals Grown by the Micro-Pulling Down Technique (µ-PD)Conclusions References

Research paper thumbnail of Oxide Fibers Produced by Internal Crystallization Method and their Usage in Oxide-Matrix Composites

KRENKEL:HIGH.TEMP.CERAMIC O-BK, 2001

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of the features of meniscus profile curves during growth of base-faceted sapphire ribbons

Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics, 2009

The dependence of the step parameters on the surface of base faceted sapphire ribbons on the angl... more The dependence of the step parameters on the surface of base faceted sapphire ribbons on the angle of deviation of crystallographic orientation has been measured. A model of step formation on the lateral ribbon surface is proposed. Hysteretic character of the dependence of the lateral ribbon surface inclination on the meniscus angle at the triple point is shown. The shapes of the lateral surfaces are calculated and the range of variation in the meniscus angle is determined.

Research paper thumbnail of Sapphire Smart Scalpel

AIP Conference Proceedings, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of A review of developments in shaped crystal growth of sapphire by the Stepanov and related techniques

Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials, 2002

Contents 1. Introduction 2. Variable Shaping Technique (VST) 3. Noncapillary Shaping (NCS) 3. I. ... more Contents 1. Introduction 2. Variable Shaping Technique (VST) 3. Noncapillary Shaping (NCS) 3. I. Description of the technique 3.2 The growth of high quality shaped sapphire crystals with large cross-section. 3.2.1 The growth of crystals with a prc-determined cross-sectional shape 3.2.2 The growth of crystals with a variable cross-section 3.2.2.1 Growth near-net shaped dome crystals by the NCS technique 4. Growth from an Element of Shape (GES) 4.1 Control of gas bubbles 4.2 Growth near-net shaped dome crystals 4.3 Critical strain rate criterion for crack-free dome growth 5. Modulation-doped shaped crystal growth 5.1 Periodical doped structures 5.1.1 Obtaining periodic structures by the EFG technique 5.1.2 Obtaining layered crystals by the GES technique 5.2 Core-doped Fibers 5.2.1 Automatization as the base of high-quality core-doped fiber growth

Research paper thumbnail of Laue optics for nuclear astrophysics: New detector requirements for focused gamma-ray beams

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2009

Nuclear astrophysics presents an extraordinary scientific potential for the study of the most pow... more Nuclear astrophysics presents an extraordinary scientific potential for the study of the most powerful sources and the most violent events in the Universe. But in order to take full advantage of this potential, telescopes should be at least an order of magnitude more sensitive than present technologies. Today, Laue lenses have demonstrated their capability of focusing gamma-rays in the 100 keV-1 MeV domain, enabling the possibility of building a new generation of instruments for which sensitive area is decoupled from collecting area. Thus we have now the opportunity of dramatically increase the signal/ background ratio and hence improve significantly the sensitivity. With a lens, the best detector is no longer the largest possible within a mission envelope. The point spread function of a Laue lens measures a few centimeters in diameter, but the field of view is limited by the detector size. Requirements for a focal plane instrument are presented in the context of the Gamma-Ray Imager mission (proposed to European Space Agency, ESA in the framework of the first Cosmic Vision AO): a 15-20 cm a side finely pixellated detector capable of Compton events reconstruction seems to be optimal, giving polarization and background rejection capabilities and 30 arcsec of angular resolution within a field of view of 5 arc min.

Research paper thumbnail of The stepanov growth of LiNbO3 crystals

Journal of Crystal Growth, 1987

The growth of shaped LiNbO3 is described; the growth being controlled by a two-stage cooling proc... more The growth of shaped LiNbO3 is described; the growth being controlled by a two-stage cooling process. The ferroelectric domain sizes of these crystals could be produced and varied by growing the crystals in a polarizing field and periodically varying the pulling rate.

Research paper thumbnail of Investigation of the growth conditions of gadolinium molybdate crystals

Journal of Crystal Growth, 1990

... et a!. Investigation of growth conditions of gadolinium molybdate crystals 79 In order to obt... more ... et a!. Investigation of growth conditions of gadolinium molybdate crystals 79 In order to obtain gadolinium molybdate crystals in the [0011 direction, we employed a die for which the melt meniscus could move freely across the die working surface ... [4] JR Barkley, Ferroelectrics 3 ...