Vladimír Plachý - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Vladimír Plachý

Animal Feed Science and Technology, Oct 1, 2021

The effects of the dietary replacement of soybean meal with yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio moli... more The effects of the dietary replacement of soybean meal with yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor) on the growth, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen output of fattening rabbits.

Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, Sep 1, 2019

A major part of wheat production is channelized towards animal feed. In the present experiment, w... more A major part of wheat production is channelized towards animal feed. In the present experiment, we first aimed to determine the relationship of the crude protein (CP) content and the individual fractions (albumin + globulin, gliadin, glutenin) of wheat varieties (with or without the rye translocation 1B/1R) with the digestibility, feed intake, feed conversion, and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of the feed in ROSS 308 chicken broilers. Secondly, we determined the CP content, biological value, net protein utilization, and effect of various fibre components of the same wheat lines in Wistar rats. Seven out of sixteen wheat varieties studied herein included the 1B/1R translocation. Nutritional values were evaluated by the Weende analysis using the Kjeldahl and the Henneberg-Stohmann methods. Moreover, acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre contents, CP digestibility and PER were determined. In broiler chickens, no statistically significant differences were found. In rats, however, the presence of 1B/1R significantly increased the CP content, affecting the nutritional value. This should be considered prior to the indiscriminate use of otherwise undesirable wheat varieties as animal feed. animal nutrition, crude protein, crude fibre, rye translocation, protein quality * Supported by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic, Project No. QJ1510163/2015 and Project No. MZeRO0418.

Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, Dec 19, 2016

Nutrient contents of subadult and adult Blaptica dubia, Blaberus discoidalis and Blatta lateralis... more Nutrient contents of subadult and adult Blaptica dubia, Blaberus discoidalis and Blatta lateralis roaches, commonly used as feed source for insectivorous animals in captivity, were determined. Contents of crude protein, fat, ash, chitin, carbohydrates, calcium and phosphorus were analysed. Adults of all species contained more crude protein (602-678 g • kg −1 DM > 489-547 g • kg −1 DM) and ash (42-51 g • kg −1 DM > 36-40 g • kg −1 DM) but less fat (145-214 g • kg −1 DM < 236-363 g • kg −1 DM) than subadults. Chitin content ranged 53-86 g • kg −1 DM and the calcium to phosphorus ratio was 1:1.9-23.5. Amino and fatty acid profiles were also determined. Very high levels of glycine (66.4-166.2 g • kg −1 DM) and alanine (81.5-118.4 g • kg −1 DM) were found in all examined samples. On the other hand, the lowest amino acid levels were determined in such sulphuric amino acids as cysteine (0.5-2.1 g • kg −1 DM) and methionine (4.0-17.2 g • kg −1 DM). Regarding essential amino acids, very high lysine (48.6-94.0 g • kg −1 DM) and valine (53.3-84.0 g • kg −1 DM) levels were determined. Essential amino acid index was found at the level of 0.4-0.9. In analysed cockroaches high oleic (38.0-44.2%), linoleic (8.5-15.3%) and palmitic (21.6-26.8%) fatty acids levels were determined. The obtained results indicate that quantity of protein and lipids varied between subadult and adult cockroaches within the species, while quality of these nutrients remained stable.

Laboratory Animals, 2015

This study was carried out to investigate how pinworm infection in rats affects nutrient digestib... more This study was carried out to investigate how pinworm infection in rats affects nutrient digestibility in the hosts. Twenty-four male outbred Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups of 12 rats each. The rats from the first group (GI) were kept in cages with bedding containing pinworm eggs, and the second (control) group (GII) were kept in a separate room in clean, uncontaminated filter-top cages. The animals were put into individual metabolic cages later. Metabolic trials lasted five days and records of animal weight, food ingestion, and faecal weight were taken daily. Based on laboratory analysis of the feed and faecal nutrient content, digestibility values were determined. On day 15 of the experiment, the animals were euthanized. Although Syphacia muris were found in all rats from the GI group, animals exhibited no clinical signs. In our experiment, S. muris infection reduced the overall digestibility of all measured nutrients ( P < 0.01). The most significant differe...

Animals

Three diets were formulated, i.e., soybean meal (SM diet), adult Acheta domesticus (AD diet), and... more Three diets were formulated, i.e., soybean meal (SM diet), adult Acheta domesticus (AD diet), and Tenebrio molitor larvae (TM diet), as the main crude protein (CP) sources. A total of 45 rabbits (Hyplus, weaned at 32 days of age) were divided into three groups (15 per treatment) and fed one of the three diets for 42 days. A higher daily weight gain (p = 0.042), as well as daily feed intake (p = 0.022), was observed in rabbits fed the AD and TM diets than in rabbits fed the SM diet within 21 days after weaning. The coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of gross energy were higher (p = 0.001) in rabbits fed the SM diet than in rabbits fed the other diets. The CTTAD of CP (p = 0.040) and starch (p = 0.041) was higher in rabbits fed the SM diet compared to those fed the AD diet. There were non-significantly higher losses of nitrogen in the urine (an average by 0.227 g/day; p = 0.094) in rabbits fed the TM diet than in rabbits fed the other diets. It can be concluded...

Annals of Animal Science

This study aimed to evaluate the methane-reducing potential of individual and combined treatments... more This study aimed to evaluate the methane-reducing potential of individual and combined treatments of low levels of nitrate (NIT) and a mixture of capric/lauric acid (CL) in dairy cows. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted. In the in vitro experiment, the anti-methanogenic effects of NIT (1.825 mmol/l) and CL (250 mg/l; capric acid, 125 mg/l + lauric acid, 125 mg/l) were evaluated in a 2 × 2 factorial design using consecutive batch incubations with rumen fluid. The NIT and CL reduced (P<0.05) methane production by 9.2% and by 21.3%, respectively. However, combining NIT with CL did not show (P>0.05) any benefit in methane reduction compared to the use of CL alone. In the in vivo experiment, eight multiparous dry Holstein cows were fed two diets in a crossover design for two 21-day periods (14 days of adaptation and 7 days of sampling). The treatments were: 1) silage-based basal diet + 100 g stearic acid per cow/d (CON) and 2) silage-based basal diet + 50 g capric...

In spite of the fact that the majority of registered wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) belonging to c... more In spite of the fact that the majority of registered wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) belonging to cultivars suitable for baking applications, more than 60% of annual Czech wheat production is utilized for feeding. Regarding this fact, a proper extrusion process may offer an improvement of grain feeding quality. The study was aimed at monitoring of grain quality parameter changes in extruded wholemeal from three technologically contrasting cultivars (Elixier, Bodycek, Cimrmanova rana) obtained after 8 different combinations of extrusion processes with variation in water dosage and insertion diameter. Technologically different wheat cultivars significantly changed extrusion temperature. Simultaneously, the extrusion process significantly increased RDS content in starch (from 36 to 86 %). On the contrary, the parameters CP and ADF content showed minimal changes after extrusion. The mild reduction of CF and NDF after extrusion probably included hemicellulose degradation. It is possible to...

European Food Research and Technology, 2021

Insects are one of the most promising alternatives that can ease the expected global shortage of ... more Insects are one of the most promising alternatives that can ease the expected global shortage of proteins. Determination of the nutritional value of edible insects in various instars is, therefore, crucial. Herein, we determined the content of basic nutrients and amino acid profile of larvae and pupae of Alphitobius diaperinus. The pupae contained significantly more protein and less fat than larvae. Unlike the protein quantity, no significant differences were found in the profile of essential amino acids. The essential amino acid index, describing the quality of protein, was similar regardless of the instar and comparable to the index for other insects and soybean meal. Additionally, we provide the first note on chitin content in A. diaperinus, present at a very low level in the pupae. The harvest of A. diaperinus in the pupal stage may provide high quality insect protein with a low chitin level.

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2020

As the demand for sustainable, cost-effective food production increases, edible insects are an im... more As the demand for sustainable, cost-effective food production increases, edible insects are an important alternative to traditional livestock as a source of human food. Understanding the differences in the nutritional composition of edible insects is essential for the optimization of rearing process. This study investigated the effects of developmental stage on the quantity and quality of nutrients in "superworms" (Zophobas morio), and the death's head cockroach (Blaberus craniifer). Superworms at 60, 90, and 120 days of age showed no significant variation in basic nutrient content, and no significant differences were found in protein quality (expressed as the essential amino acid index). In contrast, adult cockroaches contained significantly more digestible protein than either small or large nymphs, but of lower quality. Cockroach nymphs contained significantly higher amounts of fat than the adults, and the lipid quality (described by the atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices) increased over time. Conversely, the lipid quality of superworm larvae decreased with age. The study provides a better understanding of the chemical composition of insects over their lifespan and may help to optimize rearing technology in order to harvest insects as high-quality nutritional biomass, facilitating their application as a potential food source for humans.

Czech Journal of Animal Science, 2009

In an experiment with 45 neonatal male Holstein calves, effects of yeast cultures Yea-Sacc® 1026 ... more In an experiment with 45 neonatal male Holstein calves, effects of yeast cultures Yea-Sacc® 1026 (SC) containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain 1026) and Vitex (KF) containing Kluyveromyces fragilis (strain Jürgensen) on rumen fermentation characteristics were determined. From day 4 to day 56 of age, the calves were allocated to one of the three dietary treatments (Control, SC, and KF) of 15 animals each, placed in individual pens, and fed 4 l of whole milk twice daily and a basal concentrate mixture ad libitum as calf starter feeds. The control treatment was not supplemented with yeast culture. The yeast culture supplements Yea-Sacc® 1026 and Vitex were top-dressed at 10 g/calf daily on the basal concentrate mixture of treatments SC and KF, respectively. At the end of the experiment (day 56), all calves were slaughtered and the rumen fluid was analysed. The administration of yeast cultures Yea-Sacc®026 and Vitex to calves did not affect final body weight (BW), BW gain, dry matter...

Food Chemistry, 2019

Since January 2018, insects have been recognised as novel foods in the EU, but their nutritional ... more Since January 2018, insects have been recognised as novel foods in the EU, but their nutritional value varies, and factors affecting their nutritional composition have been debated. We investigated the effect of sex on the nutritional value and chemical composition of the house cricket (Acheta domestica L.). Both sexes were rich in protein and lipids. The proximate composition was partly influenced by sex; females contained a significantly higher amount of lipids (18.3-21.7 vs 12.9-16.1 g/100 g dry matter, p = 0.0001) and fewer proteins than males (61.2-64.9 vs 66.3-69.6 g/100 g dry matter, p = 0.0001). Males contained more chitin (p = 0.0015) and nitrogen chains (p = 0.0003) than females. Only the ash (p = 0.4314) and nitrogen-free extract (p = 0.4871) were uninfluenced by sex. Furthermore, nutrient quality expressed as essential amino acid (72.3-77.1), thrombogenicity (1.22-1.45), and atherogenicity indices (0.53-0.58) did not differ between sexes (p  0.05). Highlights  Sex-related nutritional value/chemical content of Acheta domestica L were examined.  A. domestica (house cricket) of both sexes contained abundant protein and lipids.  Proximate composition showed females had more lipids and less proteins than males.  Male house crickets had higher chitin with more nitrogen chains than females did.  A. domestica ash, nitrogen-free extract, and nutrient quality were not sex-related.

Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 2016

Environmental technology, 2017

Within this research, biogas production, representation of methane in biogas and volatile solids ... more Within this research, biogas production, representation of methane in biogas and volatile solids (VSs) removal efficiency were compared using batch tests performed with the samples of intensively and extensively planted grasses originating from public areas. Before the batch tests, the samples were stored at different temperatures achievable on biogas plants applying trigeneration strategy (-18°C, +3°C, +18°C and +35°C). Specific methane production from intensively planted grasses was relatively high (0.33-0.41 m(3)/kg VS) compared to extensively planted grasses (0.20-0.33 m(3)/kg VS). VSs removal efficiency reached 59.8-68.8% for intensively planted grasses and 34.6-56.5% for extensively planted grasses. Freezing the intensively planted grasses at -18°C proved to be an effective thermal pretreatment leading to high biogas production (0.61 m(3)/kg total solid (TS)), high representation of methane (64.0%) in biogas and good VSs removal efficiency (68.8%). The results of this research...

Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, 2016

Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, 2015

In our study was compare the accuracy of prediction of the energy value NEL of meadow hay. Predic... more In our study was compare the accuracy of prediction of the energy value NEL of meadow hay. Predictive equations calculated from the results of our monitoring is NEL = 12.9085-0.1276x, where x = the NDF. Values of prediction equation which we calculated is comparable with the values indicated by the other authors. The great advantage of our prediction equation is the unpretentiousness of its calculation. Own calculation of NEL requires more analytically determined values. The number of analysis needed to calculate predictive equations and the time needed for all analysis is in our determination in the prediction of NEL, big advantage. It is further enhanced by lower finance costs.

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2010

The meat alternatives market offers a wide range of products resembling meat in taste, flavour or... more The meat alternatives market offers a wide range of products resembling meat in taste, flavour or texture but based on vegetable protein sources. These high protein-low purine foods may find application in a low purine or purine-free diet, which is sometimes suggested for subjects with increased serum urate levels, i.e. hyperuricaemia. We determined purine content (uric acid, adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine) in 39 commercially available meat substitutes and evaluated them in relation to their protein content. Some of the products contained a comparable sum of adenine and hypoxanthine per protein as meat. Analysis of variance showed an influence of protein source used. Mycoprotein-based products had significantly higher contents (2264 mg kg(-1)) of adenine and hypoxanthine per kg of 100% protein than soybean-based products (1648 mg kg(-1)) or mixtures consisting of soybean protein and wheat protein (1239 mg kg(-1)). Protein-rich vegetable-based meat substitutes might be generally accepted as meat alternatives for individuals on special diets. The type of protein used to manufacture these products determines the total content of purines, which is relatively higher in the case of mycoprotein or soybean protein, while appearing lower in wheat protein and egg white-based products. These are therefore more suitable for dietary considerations in a low-purine diet for hyperuricaemic subjects.

Czech Journal of Animal Science, 2021

This study compared different methods of determining starch digestibility (in vivo vs in vitro) i... more This study compared different methods of determining starch digestibility (in vivo vs in vitro) in wheat grains and evaluated the influence of extrusion on digestibility. In vivo starch digestibility was determined in broiler chickens by calculating the residual starch content in their ilea and the digestibility using a chromium oxide indicator. In vitro digestibility was examined using pepsin and pancreatin. During in vivo testing, the highest digestibility coefficient (DC) was achieved by the Bonanza variety in its extruded form (91.19 ± 0.40%). In contrast, the lowest DC was achieved by the Tobak variety in its non-extruded form (81.45 ± 1.92%). Generally, a higher DC was observed in vivo for extruded forms of wheat. During in vitro testing, the highest DC was achieved by the Stefii variety in its non-extruded form (96.10 ± 0.55%), whereas the lowest DC was observed in the Yetti variety in its extruded form (49.72 ± 0.41%). Overall, the in vitro experiments did not exhibit signif...