Ville Vesterinen - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ville Vesterinen

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2015

Regular monitoring of adaptation to training is important for optimizing training load and recove... more Regular monitoring of adaptation to training is important for optimizing training load and recovery&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;comma; which is the main factor in successful training&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;period; Purpose&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;colon; The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of a novel submaximal running test in field conditions in predicting and tracking changes of endurance performance&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;period; Methods&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;colon; Thirty five endurance trained men and women &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lpar;aged from 20 to 55 years&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;rpar; completed the 18-weeks endurance training program&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;period; Maximal incremental running test was performed at weeks 0&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;comma; 9 and 18 for determination of maximal oxygen consumption &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lpar;VO2max&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;rpar; and running speed &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lpar;RS&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;rpar; at exhaustion &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lpar;RSpeak&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;rpar; and lactate thresholds &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lpar;LT&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;rpar;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;period; In addition&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;comma; the subjects performed weekly a three staged submaximal running test &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lpar;SRT&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;rpar;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;comma; including a post-exercise heart rate recovery &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lpar;HRR&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;rpar; measurement&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;period; The subjects were retrospectively grouped into four clusters according to changes in SRT results&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;period; Results&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;colon; Large correlations &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lpar;r&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;equals;0&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;period;60-0&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;period;89&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;rpar; were observed between RS during all stages of SRT&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;comma; and all endurance performance variables &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lpar;VO2max&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;comma; RSpeak&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;comma; RS at LT2 and RS at LT1&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;rpar;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;period; HRR correlated only with VO2max &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lpar;r&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;equals;0&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;period;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;rpar;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;period; Large relationships were also found between changes in RS during 80&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;percnt; and 90&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;percnt; HRmax stages of SRT and a change of RSpeak &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lpar;r&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;equals;0&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;period;57&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;comma; r&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;equals;0&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;period;79&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;rpar;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;period; In addition&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;comma; the cluster analysis revealed the different trends in RS during 80&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;percnt; and 90&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;percnt; stages during the training between the clusters&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;comma; which showed different improvements in VO2max and RSpeak&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;period; Conclusions&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;colon; The present submaximal test showed great potential as a practical tool for regular monitoring of individual adaptation to endurance training without time-consuming and expensive laboratory tests&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;period.

International journal of sports medicine, 2010

This study examined the effects of endurance exercise on nocturnal autonomic modulation. Nocturna... more This study examined the effects of endurance exercise on nocturnal autonomic modulation. Nocturnal R-R intervals were collected after a rest day, after a moderate endurance exercise and after a marathon run in ten healthy, physically active men. Heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed as a continuous four-hour period starting 30 min after going to bed for sleep. In relation to average nocturnal heart rate after rest day, increases to 109+/-6% and 130+/-11% of baseline were found after moderate endurance exercise and marathon, respectively. Standard deviation of R-R intervals decreased to 90+/-9% and 64+/-10%, root-mean-square of differences between adjacent R-R intervals to 87+/-10% and 55+/-16%, and high frequency power to 77+/-19% and 34+/-19% of baseline after moderate endurance exercise and marathon, respectively. Also nocturnal low frequency power decreased to 56+/-26% of baseline after the marathon. Changes in nocturnal heart rate and HRV suggest prolonged dose-response effe...

International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2010

This study examined eff ects of periodized maximal versus explosive strength training and reduced... more This study examined eff ects of periodized maximal versus explosive strength training and reduced strength training, combined with endurance training, on neuromuscular and endurance performance in recreational endurance runners. Subjects fi rst completed 6 weeks of preparatory strength training. Then, groups of maximal strength (MAX, n = 11), explosive strength (EXP, n = 10) and circuit training (C, n = 7) completed an 8-week strength training intervention, followed by 14 weeks of reduced strength training. Maximal strength (1RM) and muscle activation (EMG) of leg extensors, countermovement jump (CMJ), maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2MAX ), velocity at VO 2MAX (vVO 2MAX ) running economy (RE) and basal serum hormones were measured. 1RM and CMJ improved (p < 0.05) in all groups accompanied by increased EMG in MAX and EXP (p < 0.05) during strength training. Minor changes occurred in VO 2MAX , but vVO 2MAX improved in all groups (p < 0.05) and RE in EXP (p < 0.05). During reduced strength training 1RM and EMG decreased in MAX (p < 0.05) while vVO 2MAX in MAX and EXP (p < 0.05) and RE in MAX (p < 0.01) improved. Serum testosterone and cortisol remained unaltered. Maximal or explosive strength training performed concurrently with endurance training was more eff ective in improving strength and neuromuscular performance and in enhancing vVO 2MAX and RE in recreational endurance runners than concurrent circuit and endurance training.

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2011

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2009

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2010

Mikkola, J, Laaksonen, M, Holmberg, H-C, Vesterinen, V, and Nummela, A. Determinants of a simulat... more Mikkola, J, Laaksonen, M, Holmberg, H-C, Vesterinen, V, and Nummela, A. Determinants of a simulated cross-country skiing sprint competition using V2 skating technique on roller skis. J Strength Cond Res 24(4): 920-928, 2010-The present study investigated the performance-predicting factors of a simulated cross-country (XC) skiing sprint competition on roller skis, on a slow surface. Sixteen elite male XC skiers performed a simulated sprint competition (4 3 850 m heat with a 20-minute recovery) using V2 skating technique on an indoor tartan track. Heat velocities, oxygen consumption, and peak lactate were measured during or after the heats. Maximal skiing velocity was measured by performing a 30-m speed test. Explosive and maximal force production in the upper body was determined by bench press (BP). Subjects also performed maximal anaerobic skiing test (MAST) and the 2 3 2-km double poling (DP) test. The maximal velocity of MAST (V MAST ) and velocities at 3 (V 3 ), 5 (V 5 ), 7 (V 7 ) mmolÁL 21 lactate levels in MAST were determined. In the 2 3 2-km test, DP economy ( _ VO 2SUBDP ) and maximal 2-km DP velocity (V DP2KM ) were determined. The best single performance-predicting factors for the sprint performance were V DP2KM (r = 0.73, p , 0.01), V 7 (r = 0.70, p , 0.01), and _ VO 2SUBDP (r = 20.70, p , 0.01). Faster skiers in sprint simulation had a higher absolute _ VO 2 (LÁmin 21 ) (p , 0.05-0.01) during sprint heats, and higher anaerobic skiing power (V MAST , p , 0.05) and better anaerobic skiing economy (V 3 , V 5 , V 7 , p , 0.05-0.001) than slower skiers. Faster skiers were also stronger in BP, with regard to both absolute (p , 0.01) and relative (p , 0.05) values. In addition, anaerobic characteristics seem to be of importance at the beginning of the XC skiing sprint competition, whereas the aerobic characteristics become more important as the XC skiing sprint competition progressed. This study indicates that sprint skiers should emphasize sport-specific upper body training, and training skiing economy at high speeds.

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2014

Supervised periodized mixed maximal and explosive strength training added to endurance training i... more Supervised periodized mixed maximal and explosive strength training added to endurance training in recreational endurance runners was examined during an 8-week intervention preceded by an 8-week preparatory strength training period. Thirty-four subjects (21-45 years) were divided into experimental groups: men (M, n = 9), women (W, n = 9), and control groups: men (MC, n = 7), women (WC, n = 9). The experimental groups performed mixed maximal and explosive exercises, whereas control subjects performed circuit training with body weight. Endurance training included running at an intensity below lactate threshold. Strength, power, endurance performance characteristics, and hormones were monitored throughout the study. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Increases were observed in both experimental groups that were more systematic than in the control groups in explosive strength (12 and 13% in men and women, respectively), muscle activation, maximal strength (6 and 13%), and peak running speed (14.9 ± 1.2 to 15.6 ± 1.2 and 12.9 ± 0.9 to 13.5 ± 0.8 km Ł h). The control groups showed significant improvements in maximal and explosive strength, but Speak increased only in MC. Submaximal running characteristics (blood lactate and heart rate) improved in all groups. Serum hormones fluctuated significantly in men (testosterone) and in women (thyroid stimulating hormone) but returned to baseline by the end of the study. Mixed strength training combined with endurance training may be more effective than circuit training in recreational endurance runners to benefit overall fitness that may be important for other adaptive processes and larger training loads associated with, e.g., marathon training.

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a novel heart rate-running speed index could be ... more The aim of this study was to investigate whether a novel heart rate-running speed index could be used in monitoring adaptation to endurance training. Forty-five recreational runners underwent a two-phased 28-week training regime. The first 14-weeks included basic endurance training whereas the second 14-weeks were more intensive (increased volume and intensity). A maximal treadmill running test was performed in the beginning of the experiment, in the middle of basic endurance training, and at the end of each training period (PRE, WEEK7, WEEK14 and POST).

Journal of Sports Sciences, 2011

Journal of Sports Sciences, 2009

The aim of this study was to assess fatigue during a simulated cross-country skiing sprint compet... more The aim of this study was to assess fatigue during a simulated cross-country skiing sprint competition based on skating technique. Sixteen male skiers performed a 30-m maximal skiing speed test and four 850-m heats with roller skies on a tartan track, separated by 20 min recovery between heats. Physiological variables (heart rate, blood lactate concentration, oxygen consumption), skiing velocity, and electromyography (EMG) were recorded at the beginning of the heats and at the end of each 200-m lap during the heats. Maximal skiing velocity and EMG were measured in the speed test before the simulation. No differences were observed in skiing velocity, EMG or metabolic variables between the heats. The end (820-850 m) velocities and sum-iEMG of the triceps brachii and vastus lateralis in the four heats were significantly lower than the skiing velocity and sum-iEMG in the speed test. A significant correlation was observed between mean oxygen consumption and the change in skiing velocity over the four heats. Each single heat induced considerable neuromuscular fatigue, but recovery between the heats was long enough to prevent accumulation of fatigue. The results suggest that the skiers with a high aerobic power were less fatigued throughout the simulation.

European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2013

This study compared the effects of mixed maximal strength and explosive strength training with ma... more This study compared the effects of mixed maximal strength and explosive strength training with maximal strength training and explosive strength training combined with endurance training over an 8-week training intervention. Male subjects (age 21-45 years) were divided into three strength training groups, maximal (MAX, n = 11), explosive (EXP, 10) and mixed maximal and explosive (MIX, 9), and a circuit training control group, (CON, 7). Strength training one to two times a week was performed concurrently with endurance training three to four times a week. Significant increases in maximal dynamic strength (1RM), countermovement jump (CMJ), maximal muscle activation during 1RM in MAX and during CMJ in EXP, peak running speed (S peak ) and running speed at respiratory compensation threshold (RCT speed ) were observed in MAX, EXP and MIX. Maximal isometric strength and muscle activation, rate of force development (RFD), maximal oxygen uptake _ VO 2 max À Á and running economy (RE) at 10 and 12 km hr -1 did not change significantly. No significant changes were observed in CON in maximal isometric strength, RFD, CMJ or muscle activation, and a significant decrease in 1RM was observed in the final 4 weeks of training. RE in CON did not change significantly, but significant increases were observed in S peak , RCT speed and _ VO 2 max À Á : Low volume MAX, EXP and MIX strength training combined with higher volume endurance training over an 8-week intervention produced significant gains in strength, power and endurance performance measures of S peak and RCT speed , but no significant changes were observed between groups.

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate whether nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV) can be us... more The aim of this study was to investigate whether nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV) can be used to predict changes in endurance performance during 28 weeks of endurance training. The training was divided into 14 weeks of basic training (BTP) and 14 weeks of intensive training periods (ITP). Endurance performance characteristics, nocturnal HRV, and serum hormone concentrations were measured before and after both training periods in 28 recreational endurance runners. During the study peak treadmill running speed (V peak ) improved by 7.5 AE 4.5%. No changes were observed in HRV indices after BTP, but after ITP, these indices increased significantly (HFP: 1.9%, P 5 0.026; TP: 1.7%, P 5 0.007). Significant correlations were observed between the change of V peak and HRV indices (TP: r 5 0.75, Po0.001; HFP: r 5 0.71, Po0.001; LFP: r 5 0.69, P 5 0.01) at baseline during ITP. In order to lead to significant changes in HRV among recreational endurance runners, it seems that moderate-and high-intensity training are needed. This study showed that recreational endurance runners with a high HRV at baseline improved their endurance running performance after ITP more than runners with low baseline HRV.