Giampietro Vairo - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Giampietro Vairo

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings, May 16, 2018

Prior research suggests peak sprint power (PSP) is correlated with cycling sprint times, indicati... more Prior research suggests peak sprint power (PSP) is correlated with cycling sprint times, indicating that individuals able to produce higher PSP demonstrate faster ride times. These faster ride times are indicative of better performance in sprint cycling competitions. PURPOSE: The primary aim of the study was to determine if a simple vertical jump height (VJH) test would correlate with PSP on a bike. It was hypothesized that a higher VJH would correlate with a higher PSP. METHODS: Trained cyclists were enrolled in the study and completed a VJH test, PSP test, and provided demographic and anthropometric data. Seventeen cyclists were enrolled in the study. Their age, mass, height, thigh circumference, and cyclist experience level (CEL) were collected (29.1 ± 17.2 years, 77.0 ± 13.3 kg, 172.8 ± 8.2 cm, 59.4 ± 4.8 cm, and 1.8 ± 0.9 CEL). Simple linear regression examined VJH as a predictor of normalized PSP. PSP was normalized by taking the PSP and dividing by the subjects mass. RESULTS: The average normalized PSP the subjects produced (16.7 ± 3.2 watt/kg) and average VJH (37.9 ± 7.5 cm) were plotted against each other in Figure 1. Figure 1: There was a significant positive correlation between VJH and PSP (r 2 = 65.4%). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that a higher VJH will indicate that a cyclist will have a higher normalized PSP.

Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach, Feb 8, 2022

Context:Knee muscle atrophy and weakness are common impairments after anterior cruciate ligament ... more Context:Knee muscle atrophy and weakness are common impairments after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Blood flow restriction (BFR) training represents a new approach to treat such impairments. However, limited evidence currently exists to support this intervention in related patients.Objective:To appraise literature comparing the effects of BFR training with conventional therapy on knee muscle morphological and strength properties in ACL-reconstructed patients.Data Sources:PubMed, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register databases were searched for relevant articles from January 1991 through April 2021.Study Selection:Articles were minimum Level 3 evidence focusing on knee muscle morphologic as well as extensor and flexor strength outcomes in ACL-reconstructed patients of all graft types.Study Design:Systematic review.Level of Evidence:Level 2.Data Extraction:Critical appraisal instruments (Downs and Black checklist, Cochrane Collaboration tool, ROBINS-1 tool) were used to evaluate study quality. We independently calculated effect sizes (ESs) (Cohen d) between groups in each study. The Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy grading scale was used for clinical recommendations.Results:Six articles (4 randomized control studies, 1 nonrandomized study, and 1 case-control study) met inclusion criteria. Exercises paired with BFR training included open kinetic chain, closed kinetic chain, and passive applications. Diverse assessments and time of intervention were observed across studies. ESs ranged from trivial to large in favor of BFR training for muscle morphological (d = 0.06 to 0.81) and strength assessments (d = −0.12 to 1.24) with CIs spanning zero.Conclusion:At this time, grade B or inconsistent and limited-quality patient-oriented evidence exists to support using BFR training to improve or maintain thigh muscle size as well as knee extensor and flexor strength in ACL-reconstructed patients. ESs indicated no consistent clinically meaningful differences when compared with conventional therapy. Subsequent analyses should be repeated as new evidence emerges to update practice guidelines.

Journal of Athletic Training, Jun 1, 2012

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Physiological Reports, 2021

Journal of Athletic Training, 2012

Sports health, 2021

CONTEXT Psychological readiness is a significant factor in determining successful return to sport... more CONTEXT Psychological readiness is a significant factor in determining successful return to sport (RTS) and physical activities after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Knowing the influence of kinesiophobia on physical tests that are used to guide RTS, such as the single-leg hop for distance (SLHD), would contribute to advancing clinical practice. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between kinesiophobia and SLHD performance in patients after ACL reconstruction. DATA SOURCES A comprehensive search strategy entailed surveying 6 databases for relevant articles published from January 2009 to March 2021. STUDY SELECTION Articles published in English that were a minimum of level 3 evidence describing kinesiophobia, as measured by the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, and related to SLHD performance in patients after ACL reconstruction. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. DATA EXTRACTION Study characteristics, sample population demographics, instrum...

Athletic training education journal, 2020

There is a lack of current evidence to help athletic training programs identify students poised f... more There is a lack of current evidence to help athletic training programs identify students poised for first-time Board of Certification (BOC) exam success as a means to ensure compliance with contemporary accreditation standards. Various academic variables have been previously identified as predictors of first-time success; however, these investigations reflect prior versions of the credentialing examination based on what are now obsolete editions of the professional practice analysis. To determine the accuracy of undergraduate athletic training student performance factors as indicators of successfully passing the current version of the BOC exam on a first attempt. Casual-comparative (ex–post facto) quasi-experimental. An accredited undergraduate athletic training program. A recent sample of athletic training program graduates (n = 43). Archived data were collected from student academic records and analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis computed the area under the ...

Participation at university-sponsored summer sport camps is popular among youth athletes; however... more Participation at university-sponsored summer sport camps is popular among youth athletes; however, there is a dearth of information to describe the injuries/illnesses experienced by camp participants. Data from a university-sponsored sport camp program from 2008 to 2011 were accessed retrospectively. The sport camp program had approximately 80 camps for 28 sports over 12 weeks annually. Male and female participants were 10 to 17 years old. Athletic trainers maintained medical documentation and provided medical referrals. Referrals were made for 9.9% (n = 478) of all injuries/illnesses. Emergency department referrals were made for 2.9% of injuries/illnesses. University health services received 42.5% of referrals. There were 1.1 referrals per 100 participants. Boys comprised 60.7% of referrals. Rugby had the highest referral rate—5.0 per 100 participants. These data help increase physician preparedness and guide the delivery of sports medicine services for related sport camp programs ...

athletic therapy today © 2010 Human Kinetics ATT 15(2), pp. 32-38 FUNCTIONAL KNEE stability prima... more athletic therapy today © 2010 Human Kinetics ATT 15(2), pp. 32-38 FUNCTIONAL KNEE stability primarily depends on the stiffness of the musculoskeletal tissues spanning the joint.1,2 Musculotendinous stiffness (MTS) attenuates joint perturbations encountered during the execution of functional tasks, such as ambulation and jump landing.1,3 The attenuation of joint perturbations prevents excessive joint displacement and modifies the loads that would otherwise be imposed on the anatomic structures of the knee.1-4 B a s i c s c i e n c e exper iments have yielded conflicting data concerning donor-site MTS response to autograft tissue harvest.5-8 The defect created by harvesting of the bone-patellar tendonbone (BPTB) autograft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) has been hypothesized to decrease patellar tendon stiffness and to contribute to joint degeneration.9 Interestingly, a greater incidence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) has been reported for BPTB ACL-R compared to uti...

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions are a common orthopedic surgical technique where... more Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions are a common orthopedic surgical technique where the ACL is reconstructed using either a tendon allograft or autograft. Both graft types undergo significant structural remodeling post-surgery, which includes an initial loss and subsequent recovery of mechanical properties. However, allografts do not regain their mechanical properties to the same degree as autografts. Since graft remodeling is sensitive to mechanical loading and differences in outcomes between graft types is most pronounced in active individuals, we hypothesize that allografts have a deficient response loading. The objective of this thesis was to develop an in vitro culture and loading protocol to study the mechanobiology of ACL reconstructive grafts. A bioreactor was used to load the harvested grafts and a loading protocol was validated by studying the cell viability of native ACLs. Moreover, a method to extract RNA from ACLs was also determined for future use to comp...

Background Tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance is a measurement generally made on C... more Background Tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance is a measurement generally made on CT scans that is commonly used to quantify the risk of patellofemoral instability (PFI); however, its interrater reliability and accuracy as an indicator of PFI in patients is poorly characterized. Questions/purposes The purposes of our study were (1) to primarily analyze interrater reliability of the TT-TG distance among orthopaedists with varied experience as measured by MRI, (2) to secondarily compare TT-TG distances between PFI and control groups, and (3) to determine an accurate TT-TG distance threshold indicative of PFI. Methods The electronic medical records of a senior fellowship-trained orthopaedic sports medicine surgeon were surveyed between 2012 and 2016 for patients who had experienced at least one episode of patellar subluxation or dislocation, who reported no other knee-related history, and who underwent MRI due to persistent PFI signs and symptoms. The records of 48 PFI pa...

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is the most commonly diagnosed orthopedic pathology in physic... more Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is the most commonly diagnosed orthopedic pathology in physically active individuals [1]. Traditionally, PFPS was seen as the maltracking of a dynamic patella on a stable femur; however, more recent research has shown that PFPS may in fact be the result of abnormal dynamic femoral movement underneath a stable patella, which causes a reciprocal increase in the dynamic Q-angle [2]. This excessive movement, coupled with a decrease in patellar contact with the femur, is hypothesized to cause the pain common to PFPS [2].

Ankle sprains represent a common musculoskeletal injury that clinicians are tasked with preventin... more Ankle sprains represent a common musculoskeletal injury that clinicians are tasked with preventing and treating. Because of the prevalence of this injury, ankle braces have been designed to prophylactically protect the joint and reduce the incidence of repetitive sprains. Although an abundance of literature exists focusing on the efficacy of braces in preventing ankle sprains in young, healthy, and physically active populations, there is a scarcity of evidence specific to the impact of these apparatuses on functional performance; therefore, the purpose of this critically appraised topic (CAT) is to investigate the effects of ankle braces on functional performance measures in such individuals. The outcomes of this CAT will assist sport rehabilitation specialists with informed clinical decision making in managing young, healthy, and physically active populations using ankle braces. Do ankle braces hinder functional performance measures when compared with an unbraced condition in a you...

The purpose of this pragmatic preliminary analysis was to examine the effectiveness of a cocoa-ba... more The purpose of this pragmatic preliminary analysis was to examine the effectiveness of a cocoa-based protein and carbohydrate prototype drink on skeletal muscle damage and perceived soreness after exhaustive exercise. A repeated-measures experimental design was used. Common biomarkers indicative of skeletal muscle damage included creatine kinase (CK), urinary isoprostanes and inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-8, C-Reactive Protein [CRP]). Self-reported perception of postexercise soreness was also evaluated. Seven men participated in an exercise session consisting of a 30-minute run on a declined treadmill (-10% grade). Running speed was adjusted accordingly so that participants consistently maintained 75% maximal heart rate. Drinks were ingested immediately after exercise, 2 hours postexercise, and before bed. Blood draws were sampled 30, 60, 120, and 360 minutes postexercise; urine was collected 24 and 48 hours postexercise. A perceived soreness questionnaire was administered 24 and 48 hours postexercise. The test drink had no effect on IL-6, CK, IL-8, CRP, or urinary isoprostanes (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.05). However, the drink decreased the change in perceived soreness from 24 to 48 hours (p = 0.03). Consuming the drink after exercise resulted in a mean change of 2.6 +/- 6 compared to 13.7 +/- 10 for the control. In summary, the drink was effective in decreasing the level of self-reported perceived soreness after exhaustive exercise.