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Papers by Beena Varma

International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology, Sep 30, 2023

Introduction Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) present with a multitude of symptoms that ca... more Introduction Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) present with a multitude of symptoms that can range from headaches to shoulder pain. Patients frequently present with pain in the ear, dizziness, and vertigo. It is noted that some patients who report TMDs also have a history of sleep disturbances, which is noted in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) as a reduction in the oropharyngeal airway volume. Objective To evaluate the airway volume in pre-and posttreatment of TMD with the use of neuromuscular orthotics made with ultra-low frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (ULF-TENS). Methods A total of 15 patients were evaluated for TMDs using the related criteria. Those included were treated with ULF-TENS with evaluation of the airway volume both pre-and posttreatment using CBCT and the Dolphin 3D volume analysis software. Results While the symptoms were shown to be significantly reduced in patients who were treated with this particular modality, the airway volume varied in those who reported a reduction after a period of 3 months and those that reported after a period of 6 months. Conclusion Posttreatment evaluation of the airway should be done after a period of 6 months for a more objective evaluation. A multidisciplinary evaluation of the patient is required in such cases.

Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, 2013

Variations in morphology of root canals in primary teeth usually leads to complications during an... more Variations in morphology of root canals in primary teeth usually leads to complications during and after endodontic therapy. To improve the success in endodontics, a thorough knowledge of the root canal morphology is essential. The aim of this study was to assess the variation in number and morphology of the root canals of primary incisors and molars and to study the applicability of cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) in assessing the same. A total of 60 primary molars and incisors with full root length were collected and various parameters such as the number of roots, number of canals, diameter of root canal at cementoenamel junction and middle-third, length and angulations of roots of primary molars and incisors were studied using CBCT. The observations were put to descriptive statistics to find out the frequency, mean, standard deviation and range for all four subgroups. Further, unpaired t-test was used to compare these parameters between subgroups and analysis of variance test was implemented to evaluate the parameters within the subgroups. The CBCT showed the presence of bifurcation of root canal at middle third in 13% of mandibular incisors while 20% of mandibular molars had two canals in distal root. The diameter of distobuccal root canal of maxillary molars and mesiolingual canal of mandibular molars was found to be minimum. CBCT is a relatively new and effective technology, which provides an auxiliary imaging modality to supplement conventional radiography for assessing the variation in root canal morphology of primary teeth.

Nidhin J Valappila1, R Beena Varma2, Shweta Channavir Saddu3, Aravind Meena Shanmughan4 1Assistan... more Nidhin J Valappila1, R Beena Varma2, Shweta Channavir Saddu3, Aravind Meena Shanmughan4 1Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Royal Dental College, Palakkad, Kerala, India, 2Professor & Head, Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Royal Dental College, Palakkad, Kerala, India, 3Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay Dental College, Kegaon, Solapur, Maharashtra, India, 4Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Royal Dental College, Palakkad, Kerala, India

Amrita Journal of Medicine, 2020

Background: Basic science subjects are usually taught during the first and second academic years ... more Background: Basic science subjects are usually taught during the first and second academic years of the Undergraduate training with minimum or no integration with the clinical subjects, thereby creating a compartmentalization within the curriculum. The students have difficulty in understanding the concepts and depend on their ability to memorize facts for diagnosing various disease conditions. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate and compare the Effectiveness of Integrated teaching on diagnostic accuracy in Oral radiology among dental students. Material and Methods: A total of 46 students were randomly divided into 2 groups – Integrated basic science group (BSG) and segregated group (SG). Learning materials included sets of intraoral periapical radiographs and lecture based classes on radiographic features of a normal tooth, periapical abscess, periapical granuloma and periapical cyst. BSG students were taught regarding the radiographic appearance and the cause for such appearance in the radiograph. SG students were only explained regarding the radiographic features of these entities. Following the discourse, two tests - Diagnostic test (multiple-choice questions) on the day of lecture, followed by a memory test (spot diagnosis and match the following) one week later - were done to assess the level of understanding among the students. Statistical analysis was done using Students's t – test. Results: BSG students outperformed both in diagnostic test and memory test when compared to SG students. Conclusions: Integrated teaching has been found to be an effective method in enhancing diagnostic accuracy in Oral radiology and also improving the ability to memorize concepts among dental students.

Indian Journal of Case Reports, 2022

Oral squamous papilloma is a benign epithelial tumor that constitutes around 2.5% of all oral ver... more Oral squamous papilloma is a benign epithelial tumor that constitutes around 2.5% of all oral verruco-papillary lesions and is caused by the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). HPV subtypes 6 and 11, which are considered to be of low carcinogenic potential are usually associated with oral squamous papilloma. Though there is no site predilection as such, the most common intraoral sites reported are tongue, lips, buccal mucosa, gingiva, and palate. This is a case report describing the case of a 69-year-old male patient who reported the complaint of growth on the floor of the mouth for four years which was diagnosed as squamous papilloma on the floor of the mouth which is a relatively uncommon site.

With the advancing times, we are on the verge of a paradigm shift, evolving from offering traditi... more With the advancing times, we are on the verge of a paradigm shift, evolving from offering traditional home care to considering biological solutions to various diseases. With the extraordinary advances taking place in the field of medical science, we are now focused on finding "biological solutions to biological problems."Regenerating the whole tooth is no more a dream. The credit of bio-engineering the tooth goes to stem cells. Stem cells have revolutionized the entire health care delivery. So, the time is certainly ripe for us to familiarize ourselves with stem cells. The aim of this review is to outline stem cells and its application in dentistry. ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY

was palpable. Intraoral examination revealed a Intraoral swelling on the edentulous area with a b... more was palpable. Intraoral examination revealed a Intraoral swelling on the edentulous area with a bicortical expansion. No signs of inflammation were present. A clinical diagnosis of the aggressive bone lesion was given. Intraoral periapical radiograph (Figure 2), occlusal (Figure 3), and panoramic Most of the lesions involving the mandible are inflammatory or infectious or odontogenic or fibro-osseous lesions. Osteosarcoma of the mandible is comparatively rare and hence is not usually included in the primary differential diagnosis.

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2020

A complete examination of the oral cavity is a neglected part of physical examination and is not ... more A complete examination of the oral cavity is a neglected part of physical examination and is not taught in both undergraduate and postgraduate medical training. We believe that a thorough oral examination helps in the identification of a variety of endocrine disorders and so to emphasize this, we have proposed the term “orocrinolgy.” Orocrinology is the art of using a Thorough oral cavity examination to diagnose a variety of adult and pediatric endocrine disorders. Under “orocrinology,” we have highlighted an easy to perform a seven-step technique to perform a complete examination of the oral cavity. The common endocrine-related abnormalities that you might encounter during each of these seven steps is summarized along with the steps. The seven steps start with the examination of the salivary glands, followed by the lips. This is followed by the examination of labial, buccal, alveolar, and gingival mucosa in two steps. The fifth step is the Inspection of the tongue and the base of t...

BMJ Case Reports, 2021

Canalicular adenoma is a unique, rare, benign salivary gland neoplasm whose reported prevalence v... more Canalicular adenoma is a unique, rare, benign salivary gland neoplasm whose reported prevalence varies in different studies. According to literature, this neoplasm has a marked predilection to occur in the upper lip of elderly women. Histological features are usually distinctive and diagnostic. This neoplasm has good prognosis after conservative surgical management but the propensity of multifocal nature and recurrence of this lesion mandates regular follow-up. This case report illustrates the case of a canalicular adenoma in the palate in a 71-year-old male patient. Here, we discuss the differential diagnosis with a brief review of literature.

R Beena Varma1, Nidhin J Valappila2, Aravind Meena Shanmughan2, Arjun Gopinath3 1Professor and He... more R Beena Varma1, Nidhin J Valappila2, Aravind Meena Shanmughan2, Arjun Gopinath3 1Professor and Head, Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Royal Dental College, Palakkad, Kerala, India, 2Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Royal Dental College, Palakkad, Kerala, India, 3Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Royal Dental College, Palakkad, Kerala, India

Sialolithiasis is not uncommon condition. Its historical roots can be laid back even to the writi... more Sialolithiasis is not uncommon condition. Its historical roots can be laid back even to the writings of Oribasius. Over the years diagnostic and therapeutic modalities have changed. Currently there are many imaging modalities which can be used to detect sialolith and even 3D imaging is available. But for all practical purposes the conventional radiograph will suffice when the sialolith is in the anterior floor of the mouth.

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2020

Introduction: Oral health reflects overall well-being for the elderly population. In elderly peop... more Introduction: Oral health reflects overall well-being for the elderly population. In elderly people, oral health contributes significantly towards quality of life (QOL). Good health is essential for older people to remain independent and to play a part in family and community life. Epidemiological data on health and its related issues are very important in order to plan for future health care provision. Objectives: To assess the oral health status,treatment needs and oral health related quality of life using GOHAI indexin elderly patients in Kalpetta. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in the elderly patients reporting to the OPD of Amritakripa Hospital, Kalpetta. Oral Health status was assessed by structured proforma and WHO oral health assessment form 2013 which included DMFT score, Periodontal status, Oral Mucosal lesions, Treatment needs etc. Oral health related quality of life was assessed by Geriatric oral health assessment index. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20 and descriptive status were obtained. Results: The sample consisted of 214 females and 66 males.70.7% of of participants were illiterate. 96.4% of the population(270)were having daily wage <500. 59.3% of population were unaware about oral health problems. Emergency treatment was need in 41.4% of population. On assessing oral health related quality of life, Male population found to have GOHAI score of 26.44 and that for the female population, it was 19.72.GOHAI score was compared for prosthetic status and age also. Considering the psychological parameters, suggest that this group of elderly in Kerala does not regard poor oral health as barriers to social interactions. Conclusion: The oral disease burden is very high in tribes. The prevalence of the tobacco habits is of concern. Education and motivation of these laity is needed to improve their oral health.

Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 2021

Oral healthcare providers work near the face of the patients and are at an increased risk of bein... more Oral healthcare providers work near the face of the patients and are at an increased risk of being infected or transmitting the infection to the patients. Standard practice guidelines have to be modified to reorganize Oral Medicine care in the new normality of the COVID-19 pandemic to minimize the negative impacts of the infection on oral and systemic health. This scoping review aims to assess the guidelines for the safe practice of Oral Medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic. The literature search was done using Medline and Pubmed as the database and 23 articles were identified related to 8 domains. Utilization of teledentistry, efficient triaging of the patients with strict adherence to the infection control protocols, knowledge of the possible oral manifestations, and management of patients based on their presenting symptoms can help for the safe practice of Oral Medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BMJ Case Reports, 2020

Lipomas are benign soft tissue neoplasm which rarely occur in the oral cavity. Of the total repor... more Lipomas are benign soft tissue neoplasm which rarely occur in the oral cavity. Of the total reported cases of lipoma, only about 15% to 20% of cases have occurred in the head and neck region and the tongue is an even rarer site with only about 4% of the reported cases occurring in that region. They are slow growing and usually asymptomatic in nature. When it grows to a large size, it can hinder the physiological processes that are associated with the area. This case report describes the diagnostic features of tongue lipoma with a brief review of literature.

CRANIO®, 2019

Objective: Assessment of clinical symptoms and condylar position of TMD patients using CBCT imagi... more Objective: Assessment of clinical symptoms and condylar position of TMD patients using CBCT imaging with deprogramming splint therapy and occlusal equilibration. The hypothesis tested was the alleviation of symptoms of TMD with possible changes in condylar position occurs with this treatment. Methods: The condylar position of 12 TMD patients was observed from CBCT images, and clinically, symptom severity score, mouth opening, and range of motion were compared preand post-treatment. Results: All patients reported a statistically significant decrease in the symptom severity score and increase in mouth opening and range of motion (p < .05). A significant decrease was only achieved in the left anterior joint space (p < .05). Conclusion: Deprogramming splint therapy and occlusal equilibration benefitted patients with a reduction in clinical symptoms, and minor changes in condylar position were observed.

Indian Journal of Case Reports, 2019

Allergic contact stomatitis (stomatitis venenata) might resemble oral lichen planus or oral liche... more Allergic contact stomatitis (stomatitis venenata) might resemble oral lichen planus or oral lichenoid lesion clinically which can be acute or chronic in nature. Many offending agents have been attributed to their development and the most common being dental restorative materials, lipstick or flavouring agents in toothpaste or chewing gums. Allergic reactions can be in mild form to lifethreatening anaphylaxis. The identification of the exact cause for allergy is difficult. Here, we report the case of a 37-year-old patient who presented with allergic contact stomatitis to a conventional daily routine product. Importance of history taking and awareness by the clinician about the contents of any new products being prescribed to the patient are emphasized by this case report.