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Papers by Vera Alexandropoulou
Journal of International Maritime Safety, Environmental Affairs, and Shipping, 2021
Vessel hull inspection is a regulatory obligation. Adherence to procedural requirements forged by... more Vessel hull inspection is a regulatory obligation. Adherence to procedural requirements forged by classification societies helps avoid numerous adverse consequences. In this era of technological innovation, drones, crawlers and underwater submersibles, aptly known as Remote Inspection Technologies, represent emerging technologies, and are being tested to conduct surveys and inspections that will gradually replace human presence on board ships and in-water. However, counter arguments have also emerged against the usage of these AI-based alternatives. Liability is one crucial drawback that could potentially discourage innovation and market growth, especially at the European Union level. Ship owners require a ”safety net” as they are a part and parcel of global commerce. Then again, survey and inspection via technologies require the involvement of multiple actors, which makes it difficult to apportion liability. Solutions are required, especially at the European Union level, so that me...
The Ocean of Tomorrow, 2020
Environmental challenges related to ports are twofold, namely the effects of maritime transport o... more Environmental challenges related to ports are twofold, namely the effects of maritime transport on the environment (e.g. pollution, CO2 emissions) and conversely the environmental impact on maritime transport e.g. Climatic Variability and Change. This chapter 6 presents an overview of main challenges faced today, to engage port proactively take the responsibility of providing reward schemes or green certificates to complied ships, and to identify key indicators in measuring GHG emissions. European Union has put into force a number of Directives and Regulations aiming to incentivise port and shipping companies to commit to comply with environmental standards. The IMO 2020 regulation, bringing the sulphur cap in fuel oil for ships down from 3.50 per cent to 0.50 per cent, is expected to bring significant benefits for human health and the environment, while the European Green Deal, the most ambitious action plan of European Union, aims at increasing the EU's greenhouse gas emission reductions target for 2030 to at least 50% compared with 1990 levels, creating the most ambitious package of measures, accompanied by an initial roadmap of key policies in cutting-edge research and innovation, in green technologies and sustainable solutions. Among them, Deep Demonstrations by EIT Climate-KIC using systems innovation approach aim at the decarbonisation of the European ports and the sustainable transformation of their key elements.
Sustainable shipping and ports refers to the broad set of challenges, nature of governance rules ... more Sustainable shipping and ports refers to the broad set of challenges, nature of governance rules and regulations, patterns of management and corporate behaviors and aims, engagement of stakeholders, and forms of industrial activity that should come to define a marine transport industry that is shaped by the broader societal goals of sustainable development. This paper aims to provide a brief overview of the marine transport industry, its role and relevance in sustainable development and the kinds of changes that are needed for shipping and ports to be sustainable. The focus is mostly on the environmental dimension of sustainable development. Shipping as a sector, and for reasons that have to do with the special nature of its international governance that partly falls outside the confines of national jurisdictions, shipping may have been a late comer to some of the most pressing sustainability challenges of our time. After presenting some recent economic trends of the sector and thei...
HSBA Handbook on Ship Finance, 2014
Shipping has always played a vital role in the Greek economy. Through the years, it has been—and ... more Shipping has always played a vital role in the Greek economy. Through the years, it has been—and still remains—one of the few industries (if not the only one) where Greece has the lead in the world. According to the 2012 UN Review of Maritime Transport (UN Conference on Trade and Development – UNCTAD (2012) Review of Marine Transport 2012. ISBN 978-92-1-112860-4), Greece continues to have the largest merchant fleet in the world as a percentage of the world’s total deadweight tonnage (dwt). The following analysis takes a look at the different financing options available to shipping companies in Greece, including the necessary conditions and procedures for obtaining approval of a shipping loan. It focuses, in particular, on the modern financial instruments and methods that shipping companies employ to fund their investment projects.
Journal of International Maritime Safety, Environmental Affairs, and Shipping, 2021
Vessel hull inspection is a regulatory obligation. Adherence to procedural requirements forged by... more Vessel hull inspection is a regulatory obligation. Adherence to procedural requirements forged by classification societies helps avoid numerous adverse consequences. In this era of technological innovation, drones, crawlers and underwater submersibles, aptly known as Remote Inspection Technologies, represent emerging technologies, and are being tested to conduct surveys and inspections that will gradually replace human presence on board ships and in-water. However, counter arguments have also emerged against the usage of these AI-based alternatives. Liability is one crucial drawback that could potentially discourage innovation and market growth, especially at the European Union level. Ship owners require a ”safety net” as they are a part and parcel of global commerce. Then again, survey and inspection via technologies require the involvement of multiple actors, which makes it difficult to apportion liability. Solutions are required, especially at the European Union level, so that me...
The Ocean of Tomorrow, 2020
Environmental challenges related to ports are twofold, namely the effects of maritime transport o... more Environmental challenges related to ports are twofold, namely the effects of maritime transport on the environment (e.g. pollution, CO2 emissions) and conversely the environmental impact on maritime transport e.g. Climatic Variability and Change. This chapter 6 presents an overview of main challenges faced today, to engage port proactively take the responsibility of providing reward schemes or green certificates to complied ships, and to identify key indicators in measuring GHG emissions. European Union has put into force a number of Directives and Regulations aiming to incentivise port and shipping companies to commit to comply with environmental standards. The IMO 2020 regulation, bringing the sulphur cap in fuel oil for ships down from 3.50 per cent to 0.50 per cent, is expected to bring significant benefits for human health and the environment, while the European Green Deal, the most ambitious action plan of European Union, aims at increasing the EU's greenhouse gas emission reductions target for 2030 to at least 50% compared with 1990 levels, creating the most ambitious package of measures, accompanied by an initial roadmap of key policies in cutting-edge research and innovation, in green technologies and sustainable solutions. Among them, Deep Demonstrations by EIT Climate-KIC using systems innovation approach aim at the decarbonisation of the European ports and the sustainable transformation of their key elements.
Sustainable shipping and ports refers to the broad set of challenges, nature of governance rules ... more Sustainable shipping and ports refers to the broad set of challenges, nature of governance rules and regulations, patterns of management and corporate behaviors and aims, engagement of stakeholders, and forms of industrial activity that should come to define a marine transport industry that is shaped by the broader societal goals of sustainable development. This paper aims to provide a brief overview of the marine transport industry, its role and relevance in sustainable development and the kinds of changes that are needed for shipping and ports to be sustainable. The focus is mostly on the environmental dimension of sustainable development. Shipping as a sector, and for reasons that have to do with the special nature of its international governance that partly falls outside the confines of national jurisdictions, shipping may have been a late comer to some of the most pressing sustainability challenges of our time. After presenting some recent economic trends of the sector and thei...
HSBA Handbook on Ship Finance, 2014
Shipping has always played a vital role in the Greek economy. Through the years, it has been—and ... more Shipping has always played a vital role in the Greek economy. Through the years, it has been—and still remains—one of the few industries (if not the only one) where Greece has the lead in the world. According to the 2012 UN Review of Maritime Transport (UN Conference on Trade and Development – UNCTAD (2012) Review of Marine Transport 2012. ISBN 978-92-1-112860-4), Greece continues to have the largest merchant fleet in the world as a percentage of the world’s total deadweight tonnage (dwt). The following analysis takes a look at the different financing options available to shipping companies in Greece, including the necessary conditions and procedures for obtaining approval of a shipping loan. It focuses, in particular, on the modern financial instruments and methods that shipping companies employ to fund their investment projects.