Victor Fredy Mita Quisbert - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Victor Fredy Mita Quisbert
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Jun 1, 2018
Revista de Investigación e Innovación Agropecuaria y de Recursos Naturales, 2021
Las familias Uru-Chipayas logran cultivar quinua, cañahua y papa mediante prácticas agrícolas anc... more Las familias Uru-Chipayas logran cultivar quinua, cañahua y papa mediante prácticas agrícolas ancestrales como la distribución de parcelas comunitarias, la rotación anual de sectores destinados a la producción agrícola y pecuaria, labranza cero, inundación de tierras (lameo) y congelamiento de malezas. Esta investigación analiza la introducción de maquinaria en la zona de los salares en el sur-este de Bolivia y diagnostica la fertilidad de los suelos agrícolas destinados a la producción de cultivos tradicionales (quinua, cañahua y papa) y no tradicionales (cebolla, zanahoria y tarwi). Se realizó el muestreo de suelos en varios sitios más o menos distantes al salar y de cada río que desemboca en el salar para su análisis físico-químico al momento de la siembra de los cultivos. Se obtuvo en suelos francos a arcillosos niveles variados de materia orgánica, contenidos de bajos a altos de fósforo asimilable y niveles altos de salinidad y sodicidad; concluyéndose que la proximidad al sala...
Building nitrogen balance in post-fallow potato crops, 2006
In the Bolivian Altiplano the small farmer aims to insure his production against climatic risks w... more In the Bolivian Altiplano the small farmer aims to insure his production against climatic risks
without costly chemical inputs. We exposed two questions studied in the European project
TROPANDES: how to mobilize in the potato crop the soil nitrogen improvement due to fallowing
and what fraction of this stock is still available for a second potato crop? The effect of fallowing
on potato yields and of potato crop on its next yield are evaluated with a plant and soil nitrogen
balance. Potato-potato rotation (with potato Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena and bitter potato
Solanum x Juzepczukii) after 3 to 5 years fallowing, is evaluated in three sites near the Patacamaya
experimental station during 1998-99 and 1999-2000. The plots with low initial soil nitrogen were managed according to the peasant practices, applying ovine dung at potato planting and
incorporating crop residues to soil. Treatments against pests and diseases were performed if
necessary. Potato leaf, stem, root and tuber biomass, and total nitrogen of each compartment, were
measured at harvest time; soil mineral nitrogen was measured at planting and harvesting. The
basis for nitrogen balance calculation was defined in potato crops. Nitrogen availability from
dung was significant only during the second year. Nitrogen availability from potato residues is
very low. Potato needs are very low relatively to the total soil nitrogen. Yield variability is high,
mainly due to climate. The crop and soil nitrogen balance was negative at the end of the first potato
crop and positive in all treatments at the end of the second potato harvest. This static balance
deduces from crop net exportation, the soil N contribution. To analyse the dynamic availability
of nitrogen and its synchronisation with the plant requirements, flux analysis is needed.
Key words: Fallow, Nitrogen balance, Potato, Ovine dung, Bolivian high plateau.
Effect of floral decapitation on the yield of three varieties of native potatoes (Saq'ampaya, Qhati señorita and Imilla Negra) in the bolivian Northern Highland, 2018
RESUMEN La papa (Solanum tuberosum) en Bolivia ha sido domesticada de formas silvestres, cultivad... more RESUMEN La papa (Solanum tuberosum) en Bolivia ha sido domesticada de formas silvestres, cultivadas por miles de años en culturas ancestrales andinas en diferentes microclimas de los Andes. La decapitación floral evita que se destine fotósintatos a la formación de semilla para la producción de tubérculos, esto puede tener un efecto positivo sobre los rendimientos, motivo por el cual el objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la decapitación floral en el rendimiento de tres variedades de papas nativas (Saq'ampaya, Qhati Señorita e Imilla Negra). El estudio se desarrolló en las áreas de producción de la Unidad Académica Campesina Tiahuanacu, provincia Ingavi del departamento de La Paz, las variables evaluadas fueron porcentaje de emergencia, número de tallos por planta, altura de planta, cobertura foliar, porcentaje de floración, días a la madurez fisiológica, materia verde y seca, número de tubérculos por planta, peso de tubérculos por planta (kg), clasificación de los tubérculos, rendimiento (t ha-1) e incidencia de plagas. La emergencia fue del 50% a los 75 DDS, a los 89 DDS se registró mayor porcentaje de emergencia, sobresaliendo la variedad Imilla Negra con 96% y Saq'ampaya con 84%, no se encontraron diferencias significativas para el número de tallos por planta, altura de planta, cobertura foliar, número, peso y clasificación de los tubérculos, rendimiento y su relación con las variedades y la decapitación floral, para las demás variables se hallaron diferencias estadísticas significativas, concluyendo que no existe efecto de la decapitación floral en el rendimiento sobre las tres variedades nativas de papa evaluadas. Palabras clave: Variedades de papas nativas, decapitación floral, Altiplano Norte boliviano. ABSTRACT The potato (Solanum tuberosum) in Bolivia has been domesticated in wild forms, cultivated for thousands of years in Andean ancestral cultures in different microclimates of the Andes. The floral decapitation avoids the use of photo-rosettes for the formation of seed for the production of tubers, this can have a positive effect on the yields, reason for which the objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the floral decapitation on the yield of three varieties of native potatoes (Saq'ampaya, Qhati Señorita and Imilla Negra). The study was developed in the production areas of the Tiahuanacu Rural Academic Unit, Ingavi province of La Paz city, the evaluated variables were percentage of emergence, number of stems per plant, height of plant, leaf coverage, percentage of flowering, days to physiological maturity, green and dry matter, number of tubers per plant, weight of tubers per plant (kg), classification of tubers, yield (t ha-1) and incidence of pests. The emergency was 50% at 75 DDS, at 89 DDS there was a higher percentage of emergence, the Imilla Negra variety stood out with 96% and Saq'ampaya with 84%, no significant differences were found for the number of stems per plant , height of plant, foliar cover, number, weight and classification of the tubers, yield and its relation with the varieties and the floral decapitation, for the other variables significant statistical differences were found, concluding that there is no effect of the floral decapitation in the yield on the three native potato varieties evaluated.
Long fallow-potato-barley-barley crop systems were evaluated during three years (1999)(2000)(2001... more Long fallow-potato-barley-barley crop systems were evaluated during three years (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002) in the high plateau of Bolivia. The study was carried on one 5 years fallowed plot with two subplots, one dominated by native legumes (RL) and another with grasses (RL). The previous effect of legumes and grasses on potato (var. gendarme) subspecie andigenum and barley (var. IBTA 80) were compared. Calibration was done under SUBSTOR and CERES models for potato and barley, respectively, and validation for Barley under CERES. Both models are component of DSSAT interface. Nitrate and ammonium until 40 cm depth of soil profile, as well as physical and chemical properties of both subplots were determined. Crop characteristics that were evaluated during the three years of study include aboveground biomass, plant cover and height and at harvest potato and barley aboveground biomass. Results showed that while the effect of previous legume crop on potato and barley yield was similar at a very rainy year (492 mm, 2000-2001), there was a clear effect on yields of potato and grain of barley at 316 mm (1999)(2000) and 183 mm (2001)(2002) of precipitation during the vegetative period, respectively. Variables that better fit after calibration with SUBSTOR and CERES models were aboveground and tubers biomass of potato, and grain of barley from both subplots. Validation showed that variables such as barley grain yield, aboveground biomass and grain N-content observed on R plot and grain yield as well as grain N-content on RL plot fit well to the model. En el Altiplano boliviano se evaluó durante los 3 años agrícolas (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002) los sistemas de cultivo con descanso largo-papa-cebada-cebada en una parcela con 5 años de descanso con dos subparcelas, una dominada por leguminosas nativas (RL) y otra con gramíneas (R). Se comparo el efecto precedente de las leguminosas y de las gramíneas en los cultivos de papa (var. Gendarme) subespecie: Andigenum y cebada (var. IBTA 80). Se calibro bajo los modelos SUBSTOR para papa y CERES para cebada y se valido en el modelo CERES para cebada. Ambos modelos hacen parte de la plataforma DSSAT. Se determinaron nitrato y amonio hasta 40 cm, las propiedades físicas y químicas del perfil de ambas parcelas (R y RL). En el cultivo se evaluó la biomasa aérea, cobertura y altura de plantas y biomasa en la cosecha de papa y cebada en ambas subparcelas y durante los tres años. Se pudo evidenciar el efecto precedente de las leguminosas en los rendimientos de papa y grano de cebada cuando la precipitación en el ciclo vegetativo fue de 316 mm (1999-2000) y 183 mm (2001)(2002). Mientras que en un año muy lluvioso (492 mm) los rendimientos en ambas parcelas fueron similares. Las variables mejor ajustadas luego de la calibración en los modelos SUBSTOR y CERES fueron la biomasa aérea y de tubérculos de papa y grano de cebada en ambas subparcelas. En la validación se ajustaron bien el rendimiento de grano, biomasa aérea y N en el grano en la parcela R y el rendimiento de grano y N en el grano en la parcela RL.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Jun 1, 2018
Revista de Investigación e Innovación Agropecuaria y de Recursos Naturales, 2021
Las familias Uru-Chipayas logran cultivar quinua, cañahua y papa mediante prácticas agrícolas anc... more Las familias Uru-Chipayas logran cultivar quinua, cañahua y papa mediante prácticas agrícolas ancestrales como la distribución de parcelas comunitarias, la rotación anual de sectores destinados a la producción agrícola y pecuaria, labranza cero, inundación de tierras (lameo) y congelamiento de malezas. Esta investigación analiza la introducción de maquinaria en la zona de los salares en el sur-este de Bolivia y diagnostica la fertilidad de los suelos agrícolas destinados a la producción de cultivos tradicionales (quinua, cañahua y papa) y no tradicionales (cebolla, zanahoria y tarwi). Se realizó el muestreo de suelos en varios sitios más o menos distantes al salar y de cada río que desemboca en el salar para su análisis físico-químico al momento de la siembra de los cultivos. Se obtuvo en suelos francos a arcillosos niveles variados de materia orgánica, contenidos de bajos a altos de fósforo asimilable y niveles altos de salinidad y sodicidad; concluyéndose que la proximidad al sala...
Building nitrogen balance in post-fallow potato crops, 2006
In the Bolivian Altiplano the small farmer aims to insure his production against climatic risks w... more In the Bolivian Altiplano the small farmer aims to insure his production against climatic risks
without costly chemical inputs. We exposed two questions studied in the European project
TROPANDES: how to mobilize in the potato crop the soil nitrogen improvement due to fallowing
and what fraction of this stock is still available for a second potato crop? The effect of fallowing
on potato yields and of potato crop on its next yield are evaluated with a plant and soil nitrogen
balance. Potato-potato rotation (with potato Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena and bitter potato
Solanum x Juzepczukii) after 3 to 5 years fallowing, is evaluated in three sites near the Patacamaya
experimental station during 1998-99 and 1999-2000. The plots with low initial soil nitrogen were managed according to the peasant practices, applying ovine dung at potato planting and
incorporating crop residues to soil. Treatments against pests and diseases were performed if
necessary. Potato leaf, stem, root and tuber biomass, and total nitrogen of each compartment, were
measured at harvest time; soil mineral nitrogen was measured at planting and harvesting. The
basis for nitrogen balance calculation was defined in potato crops. Nitrogen availability from
dung was significant only during the second year. Nitrogen availability from potato residues is
very low. Potato needs are very low relatively to the total soil nitrogen. Yield variability is high,
mainly due to climate. The crop and soil nitrogen balance was negative at the end of the first potato
crop and positive in all treatments at the end of the second potato harvest. This static balance
deduces from crop net exportation, the soil N contribution. To analyse the dynamic availability
of nitrogen and its synchronisation with the plant requirements, flux analysis is needed.
Key words: Fallow, Nitrogen balance, Potato, Ovine dung, Bolivian high plateau.
Effect of floral decapitation on the yield of three varieties of native potatoes (Saq'ampaya, Qhati señorita and Imilla Negra) in the bolivian Northern Highland, 2018
RESUMEN La papa (Solanum tuberosum) en Bolivia ha sido domesticada de formas silvestres, cultivad... more RESUMEN La papa (Solanum tuberosum) en Bolivia ha sido domesticada de formas silvestres, cultivadas por miles de años en culturas ancestrales andinas en diferentes microclimas de los Andes. La decapitación floral evita que se destine fotósintatos a la formación de semilla para la producción de tubérculos, esto puede tener un efecto positivo sobre los rendimientos, motivo por el cual el objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la decapitación floral en el rendimiento de tres variedades de papas nativas (Saq'ampaya, Qhati Señorita e Imilla Negra). El estudio se desarrolló en las áreas de producción de la Unidad Académica Campesina Tiahuanacu, provincia Ingavi del departamento de La Paz, las variables evaluadas fueron porcentaje de emergencia, número de tallos por planta, altura de planta, cobertura foliar, porcentaje de floración, días a la madurez fisiológica, materia verde y seca, número de tubérculos por planta, peso de tubérculos por planta (kg), clasificación de los tubérculos, rendimiento (t ha-1) e incidencia de plagas. La emergencia fue del 50% a los 75 DDS, a los 89 DDS se registró mayor porcentaje de emergencia, sobresaliendo la variedad Imilla Negra con 96% y Saq'ampaya con 84%, no se encontraron diferencias significativas para el número de tallos por planta, altura de planta, cobertura foliar, número, peso y clasificación de los tubérculos, rendimiento y su relación con las variedades y la decapitación floral, para las demás variables se hallaron diferencias estadísticas significativas, concluyendo que no existe efecto de la decapitación floral en el rendimiento sobre las tres variedades nativas de papa evaluadas. Palabras clave: Variedades de papas nativas, decapitación floral, Altiplano Norte boliviano. ABSTRACT The potato (Solanum tuberosum) in Bolivia has been domesticated in wild forms, cultivated for thousands of years in Andean ancestral cultures in different microclimates of the Andes. The floral decapitation avoids the use of photo-rosettes for the formation of seed for the production of tubers, this can have a positive effect on the yields, reason for which the objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the floral decapitation on the yield of three varieties of native potatoes (Saq'ampaya, Qhati Señorita and Imilla Negra). The study was developed in the production areas of the Tiahuanacu Rural Academic Unit, Ingavi province of La Paz city, the evaluated variables were percentage of emergence, number of stems per plant, height of plant, leaf coverage, percentage of flowering, days to physiological maturity, green and dry matter, number of tubers per plant, weight of tubers per plant (kg), classification of tubers, yield (t ha-1) and incidence of pests. The emergency was 50% at 75 DDS, at 89 DDS there was a higher percentage of emergence, the Imilla Negra variety stood out with 96% and Saq'ampaya with 84%, no significant differences were found for the number of stems per plant , height of plant, foliar cover, number, weight and classification of the tubers, yield and its relation with the varieties and the floral decapitation, for the other variables significant statistical differences were found, concluding that there is no effect of the floral decapitation in the yield on the three native potato varieties evaluated.
Long fallow-potato-barley-barley crop systems were evaluated during three years (1999)(2000)(2001... more Long fallow-potato-barley-barley crop systems were evaluated during three years (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002) in the high plateau of Bolivia. The study was carried on one 5 years fallowed plot with two subplots, one dominated by native legumes (RL) and another with grasses (RL). The previous effect of legumes and grasses on potato (var. gendarme) subspecie andigenum and barley (var. IBTA 80) were compared. Calibration was done under SUBSTOR and CERES models for potato and barley, respectively, and validation for Barley under CERES. Both models are component of DSSAT interface. Nitrate and ammonium until 40 cm depth of soil profile, as well as physical and chemical properties of both subplots were determined. Crop characteristics that were evaluated during the three years of study include aboveground biomass, plant cover and height and at harvest potato and barley aboveground biomass. Results showed that while the effect of previous legume crop on potato and barley yield was similar at a very rainy year (492 mm, 2000-2001), there was a clear effect on yields of potato and grain of barley at 316 mm (1999)(2000) and 183 mm (2001)(2002) of precipitation during the vegetative period, respectively. Variables that better fit after calibration with SUBSTOR and CERES models were aboveground and tubers biomass of potato, and grain of barley from both subplots. Validation showed that variables such as barley grain yield, aboveground biomass and grain N-content observed on R plot and grain yield as well as grain N-content on RL plot fit well to the model. En el Altiplano boliviano se evaluó durante los 3 años agrícolas (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002) los sistemas de cultivo con descanso largo-papa-cebada-cebada en una parcela con 5 años de descanso con dos subparcelas, una dominada por leguminosas nativas (RL) y otra con gramíneas (R). Se comparo el efecto precedente de las leguminosas y de las gramíneas en los cultivos de papa (var. Gendarme) subespecie: Andigenum y cebada (var. IBTA 80). Se calibro bajo los modelos SUBSTOR para papa y CERES para cebada y se valido en el modelo CERES para cebada. Ambos modelos hacen parte de la plataforma DSSAT. Se determinaron nitrato y amonio hasta 40 cm, las propiedades físicas y químicas del perfil de ambas parcelas (R y RL). En el cultivo se evaluó la biomasa aérea, cobertura y altura de plantas y biomasa en la cosecha de papa y cebada en ambas subparcelas y durante los tres años. Se pudo evidenciar el efecto precedente de las leguminosas en los rendimientos de papa y grano de cebada cuando la precipitación en el ciclo vegetativo fue de 316 mm (1999-2000) y 183 mm (2001)(2002). Mientras que en un año muy lluvioso (492 mm) los rendimientos en ambas parcelas fueron similares. Las variables mejor ajustadas luego de la calibración en los modelos SUBSTOR y CERES fueron la biomasa aérea y de tubérculos de papa y grano de cebada en ambas subparcelas. En la validación se ajustaron bien el rendimiento de grano, biomasa aérea y N en el grano en la parcela R y el rendimiento de grano y N en el grano en la parcela RL.