Victor Rao - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Victor Rao

Background/Objectives: Availability of economical, portable ultrasound systems that provide rapid... more Background/Objectives: Availability of economical, portable ultrasound systems that provide rapidly available, useful, information has transformed the clinical assessment of patients. As hand-held ultrasound systems become widely accessible, this technology will become standard of care in primary care practices. Little has been written about the use of ultrasound by Geriatricians, and the usefulness of POC-US specifically in caring for Older Adults.

2001 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. Proceedings. An International Symposium (Cat. No.01CH37263), 2001

In an effort to reduce the complications associated with nephrectomy, high intensity focused ultr... more In an effort to reduce the complications associated with nephrectomy, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been used to selectively ablate renal tissue prior to partial nephrectomy. To this end, a hand-held HIFU laparoscopic probe (OD=11 mm) was developed. The probe consists of two focused rectangular HIFU piezoceramic transducers for side and front firing configurations. The probe was fully characterized

Journal of the South Carolina Medical Association (1975), 2011

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, 2015

ISRN Rheumatology, 2011

Twenty-one fourth-year medical students were given a brief lecture on ultrasound of the knee and ... more Twenty-one fourth-year medical students were given a brief lecture on ultrasound of the knee and fifteen minutes of supervised ultrasound scanning of three cadavers which had been injected with saline to give varying degrees of knee effusions. Each student was then individually observed and required to scan both knees of a cadaver different from the practice cadavers and identify the patella, the femur, the quadriceps tendon and if a suprapatellar effusion was present, and which knee had the larger effusion. All twenty-one students correctly identified all anatomical structures, suprapatellar effusions, and which knee had the larger effusion. Identifying a knee effusion can be an important clinical finding in diagnosing and managing a patient with knee complaints.

Lasers in Surgery: Advanced Characterization, Therapeutics, and Systems XII, 2002

ABSTRACT Phase III multicenter study was conducted in the USA under the FDA approved protocol, to... more ABSTRACT Phase III multicenter study was conducted in the USA under the FDA approved protocol, to establish the safety and efficacy of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) in the treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) using the Sonablate(TM) system. A total of sixty eight patients have been treated to date in the Phase III study. Transrectal probes capable of real-time ultrasound imaging of the prostate and well as delivering the HIFU energy to the selected region in the prostate gland were used. Probes with different focal lengths were used to treat different size of prostate glands. The patients were treated in one treatment session and were followed up to a period of one year following the treatment. The subjects underwent physical exam, Digital Rectal Examination (DRE), cystoscopy, Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS), blood work, urine exam and were given standard questionnaires before treatment and during the follow up period. Under this protocol HIFU was found to be safe and effective in reducing the BPH related symptoms and improving the peak urinary flow rate with preservation of sexual function and no permanent side effects.

Critical Ultrasound Journal, 2011

A review of the development and implementation of a 4-year medical student integrated ultrasound ... more A review of the development and implementation of a 4-year medical student integrated ultrasound curriculum is presented. Multiple teaching and assessment modalities are discussed as well as results from testing and student surveys. Lessons learned while establishing the curriculum are summarized. It is concluded that ultrasound is a well received, valuable teaching tool across all 4 years of medical school, and students learn ultrasound well, and they feel their ultrasound experience enhances their medical education.

Teaching and Learning in Medicine, 2013

Ultrasound is increasingly recognized as a valuable addition to medical school curriculum. In thi... more Ultrasound is increasingly recognized as a valuable addition to medical school curriculum. In this study, we tested the ability of rising second year students to learn and conduct an ultrasound examination of vertical liver span at the point of care. Six patients from a GI clinic volunteered to have their liver size measured. Ten students were trained to measure vertical liver span with ultrasound. Four physicians were recruited to measure liver span with standard methods. Student and physician measurements were compared to each other and to a reference ultrasound measurement for accuracy and variability. Compared to the reference, students overestimated liver size an average of 1.5 cm. Physicians underestimated liver size an average of 6.7 cm. Variance in student measurements for each patient was 10% to 17% and among physicians 20% to 50%. With limited instruction and clinical experience medical students can obtain liver size measurements with ultrasound that are more accurate and have less variability than those by physicians using physical examination. Given the ease with which students can learn to use ultrasound and the teaching and clinical value of ultrasound, ultrasound should be considered as a standard of medical education in the future.

The Journal of Urology, 2003

Purpose: High intensity focused ultrasound has been performed for transrectal and extracorporeal ... more Purpose: High intensity focused ultrasound has been performed for transrectal and extracorporeal thermal ablation of tissues. We developed and tested a laparoscopic probe that allows real-time ultrasound imaging during partial renal ablation using high intensity focused ultrasound.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2001

Background/Objectives: Availability of economical, portable ultrasound systems that provide rapid... more Background/Objectives: Availability of economical, portable ultrasound systems that provide rapidly available, useful, information has transformed the clinical assessment of patients. As hand-held ultrasound systems become widely accessible, this technology will become standard of care in primary care practices. Little has been written about the use of ultrasound by Geriatricians, and the usefulness of POC-US specifically in caring for Older Adults.

2001 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. Proceedings. An International Symposium (Cat. No.01CH37263), 2001

In an effort to reduce the complications associated with nephrectomy, high intensity focused ultr... more In an effort to reduce the complications associated with nephrectomy, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been used to selectively ablate renal tissue prior to partial nephrectomy. To this end, a hand-held HIFU laparoscopic probe (OD=11 mm) was developed. The probe consists of two focused rectangular HIFU piezoceramic transducers for side and front firing configurations. The probe was fully characterized

Journal of the South Carolina Medical Association (1975), 2011

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, 2015

ISRN Rheumatology, 2011

Twenty-one fourth-year medical students were given a brief lecture on ultrasound of the knee and ... more Twenty-one fourth-year medical students were given a brief lecture on ultrasound of the knee and fifteen minutes of supervised ultrasound scanning of three cadavers which had been injected with saline to give varying degrees of knee effusions. Each student was then individually observed and required to scan both knees of a cadaver different from the practice cadavers and identify the patella, the femur, the quadriceps tendon and if a suprapatellar effusion was present, and which knee had the larger effusion. All twenty-one students correctly identified all anatomical structures, suprapatellar effusions, and which knee had the larger effusion. Identifying a knee effusion can be an important clinical finding in diagnosing and managing a patient with knee complaints.

Lasers in Surgery: Advanced Characterization, Therapeutics, and Systems XII, 2002

ABSTRACT Phase III multicenter study was conducted in the USA under the FDA approved protocol, to... more ABSTRACT Phase III multicenter study was conducted in the USA under the FDA approved protocol, to establish the safety and efficacy of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) in the treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) using the Sonablate(TM) system. A total of sixty eight patients have been treated to date in the Phase III study. Transrectal probes capable of real-time ultrasound imaging of the prostate and well as delivering the HIFU energy to the selected region in the prostate gland were used. Probes with different focal lengths were used to treat different size of prostate glands. The patients were treated in one treatment session and were followed up to a period of one year following the treatment. The subjects underwent physical exam, Digital Rectal Examination (DRE), cystoscopy, Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS), blood work, urine exam and were given standard questionnaires before treatment and during the follow up period. Under this protocol HIFU was found to be safe and effective in reducing the BPH related symptoms and improving the peak urinary flow rate with preservation of sexual function and no permanent side effects.

Critical Ultrasound Journal, 2011

A review of the development and implementation of a 4-year medical student integrated ultrasound ... more A review of the development and implementation of a 4-year medical student integrated ultrasound curriculum is presented. Multiple teaching and assessment modalities are discussed as well as results from testing and student surveys. Lessons learned while establishing the curriculum are summarized. It is concluded that ultrasound is a well received, valuable teaching tool across all 4 years of medical school, and students learn ultrasound well, and they feel their ultrasound experience enhances their medical education.

Teaching and Learning in Medicine, 2013

Ultrasound is increasingly recognized as a valuable addition to medical school curriculum. In thi... more Ultrasound is increasingly recognized as a valuable addition to medical school curriculum. In this study, we tested the ability of rising second year students to learn and conduct an ultrasound examination of vertical liver span at the point of care. Six patients from a GI clinic volunteered to have their liver size measured. Ten students were trained to measure vertical liver span with ultrasound. Four physicians were recruited to measure liver span with standard methods. Student and physician measurements were compared to each other and to a reference ultrasound measurement for accuracy and variability. Compared to the reference, students overestimated liver size an average of 1.5 cm. Physicians underestimated liver size an average of 6.7 cm. Variance in student measurements for each patient was 10% to 17% and among physicians 20% to 50%. With limited instruction and clinical experience medical students can obtain liver size measurements with ultrasound that are more accurate and have less variability than those by physicians using physical examination. Given the ease with which students can learn to use ultrasound and the teaching and clinical value of ultrasound, ultrasound should be considered as a standard of medical education in the future.

The Journal of Urology, 2003

Purpose: High intensity focused ultrasound has been performed for transrectal and extracorporeal ... more Purpose: High intensity focused ultrasound has been performed for transrectal and extracorporeal thermal ablation of tissues. We developed and tested a laparoscopic probe that allows real-time ultrasound imaging during partial renal ablation using high intensity focused ultrasound.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2001