Victoria Marrero - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Victoria Marrero
The aim of the VILE project is the acoustic phonetic analysis of inter and intra-speaker variatio... more The aim of the VILE project is the acoustic phonetic analysis of inter and intra-speaker variation in Spanish with particular emphasis in obtaining useful results for automatic speaker identification and for forensic phonetic practices. The first phase of the project –presented in this paper– has consisted in a review of the literature dealing with the acoustic parameters which are relevant for speaker identification, and in an analysis of existing spoken corpora in Spanish from which the data analysed in the project will be taken.
En este articulo se presenta, por un lado, una valoracion subjetiva de los propios profesores sob... more En este articulo se presenta, por un lado, una valoracion subjetiva de los propios profesores sobre sus caracteristicas vocales a partir de un resumen del Voice Handicap Index (VHI) (Jacobson et alii , 1997), un cuestionario rigurosamente validado. Concretamente se evalua la percepcion del propio profesor sobre su discapacidad vocal a partir de la version reducida VHI-10 (Rosen et alii , 2004). De forma complementaria, se ofrecen los resultados de un analisis objetivo de diferentes parametros ( jitter , shimmer , relacion armonicos-ruido, duracion o F0 media, etc). Los informantes son docentes que trabajan en colegios de Madrid y Barcelona, en un abanico de niveles educativos que cubre ensenanza infantil, primaria, ESO y bachillerato. Este trabajo, que se inserta en el marco de una investigacion mas amplia, presenta los resultados obtenidos en una semana lectiva al finalizar el primer trimestre academico, a partir de muestras tomadas en lunes y en viernes, relacionando las variables...
Background. Developmental dyslexia is a pervasive child condition whose characteristic phenotypic... more Background. Developmental dyslexia is a pervasive child condition whose characteristic phenotypic profile precludes an early diagnosis. Different early markers of the risk for dyslexia have been posited over time, but neither of them seems totally reliable. Aims and main contribution. In this paper we argue for a diagnostic test based on the abnormal oscillatory signature of the dyslexic brain which builds on recent, robust oscillation-to-phonology links.
Developmental dyslexia is a heterogeneous condition entailing problems with reading and spelling.... more Developmental dyslexia is a heterogeneous condition entailing problems with reading and spelling. Several genes have been linked or associated to the disease, many of which contribute to the development and function of brain areas that are important for auditory and phonological processing. Nonetheless, a clear link between genes, the brain, and the symptoms of dyslexia is still pending. The goal of this paper is contributing to bridge this gap. With this aim, we have focused on how the dyslexic brain fails to process speech sounds and reading cues. We have adopted an oscillatory perspective, according to which dyslexia results from a deficient integration of different brain rhythms during reading/spellings tasks. Moreover, we show that some candidates for this condition are related to brain rhythms. This approach should help gain a better understanding of the aetiology and the clinical presentation of developmental dyslexia, but also achieve an earlier and more accurate diagnosis o...
Este trabajo es una reflexión sobre dos áreas de la lingüística clínica que a menudo se encuentra... more Este trabajo es una reflexión sobre dos áreas de la lingüística clínica que a menudo se encuentran disociadas, a pesar de que sólo desde la relación entre ambas se puede lograr un desarrollo adecuado de esta disciplina: la docencia y la intervención clínica. Uno de los ámbitos de actuación más tradicionales de la lingüística es la enseñanza; y la lingüística clínica no ha sido ajena a él. Su intervención en la formación de los terapeutas del lenguaje y logopedas ha alcanzado un nivel de estabilidad reconocido en los planes de estudios oficiales. Sin embargo, no ocurre lo mismo en el ámbito audiológico, donde nos encontramos en un momento crítico, en el que se plantea regularizar la formación al respecto, sin que la lingüística parezca jugar un papel claro en las propuestas. Creemos que ámbitos como este I Congreso Nacional de Lingüística Clínica son óptimos para generar un debate que permita plantear un cambio en esa situación. Por otra parte, el lingüista clínico como profesional e...
Language Acquisition and Language Disorders, 2007
The acquisition of diminutives in Spanish, facilitated by phonoprosodical, morphological and prag... more The acquisition of diminutives in Spanish, facilitated by phonoprosodical, morphological and pragmatic means, becomes more than a simple morphopragmatic device to be acquired. We propose that it provides the child with essential cues for grammatical segmentation, which proves very useful in later stages of language development. To test this hypothesis, an analysis of two longitudinal corpora of Spanish L1 has been carried out. Quantitative considerations included type/token ratio in children and cds across ages and word classes; qualitative considerations included a search for the emergence of the first contrast (mini-paradigms). Both perspectives confirm a pattern of a very rapid development and mastery of diminutive formation. Some other aspects, such as morphophonology, suffix selection and spontaneity versus imitation, are also considered. We round up with some considerations regarding the semantics and pragmatics of diminutives in Spanish.
Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 2014
In a reading task we investigate the scaling of pitch accents in neutral and lively speech in Ger... more In a reading task we investigate the scaling of pitch accents in neutral and lively speech in German. We first show that lively speech tends to increase the pitch span, raising the F0 targets for H tones but little affecting those for L tones. We then investigate the scaling of a tone whose identity is controversial: the second tone, X, of an early peak accent (H+X*). This pitch accent is employed on inferentially accessible referents and has been analysed as H+!H* as well as H+L*. Our finding that the F0 target for X is clearly raised in lively speech favours its analysis as a downstepped high tone in a H+!H* pitch accent.
Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2008
Speech Communication, 2000
Speaker recognition is an emerging task in both commercial and forensic applications. Nevertheles... more Speaker recognition is an emerging task in both commercial and forensic applications. Nevertheless, while in certain applications we can estimate, adapt or hypothesize about our working conditions, most of the commercial applications and almost the whole of the forensic approaches to speaker recognition are still open problems, due to several reasons. Some of these reasons can be stated: environmental conditions are (usually) rapidly changing or highly degraded, acquisition processes are not always under control, incriminated people exhibit low degree of cooperativeness, etc., inducing a wide range of variability sources on speech utterances. In this sense, real approaches to speaker identi®cation necessarily imply taking into account all these variability factors. In order to isolate, analyze and measure the eect of some of the main variability sources that can be found in real commercial and forensic applications, and their in¯uence in automatic recognition systems, a speci®c large speech database in Castilian Spanish called AHUMADA (/aum ada/) has been designed and acquired under controlled conditions. In this paper, together with a detailed description of the database, some experimental results including dierent speech variability factors are also presented.
Revista de Filología Española, 2013
La mayor o menor intensidad de un sonido depende de la anzplitud del movimiento vibratorio que lo... more La mayor o menor intensidad de un sonido depende de la anzplitud del movimiento vibratorio que lo origina. Esta Última se define como la distailcia máxima que alcanzan las i~~oléculas de aire desde la posición de reposo y es proporcional a la etzergla del impulso generador del sonido. 1.2. Intei~sidad fisica y so?zia. La itztirtsidad fisica depende, pues, de la energía)-varia también con la frecuencia: la intensidad aumenta en proporción al cuadrado de la amplitud por la frecuencia. Según Gili Gaya', "llamando 1 a la intensidad, a a la amplitud y n al número de vibraciones por segundo, tendremos que 1 es proporcional a (an) 2. Esta intensidad física, que se mide en decibelios3, tiene como correlato * Este articulo se entregb para su publicación en 1993 en el Anuario de Letras de
Revista de Filología Española, 1990
N umerosas polémicas se han desatado en turno al objeto del presente trabajo: desde su simple def... more N umerosas polémicas se han desatado en turno al objeto del presente trabajo: desde su simple definición fonética (¿sordo o sonoro?, ¿laríngeo, faríngeo o velar?, ¿ turbulento o armónico?) hasta su entidad fonológica (¿ todas las aspiraciones son sólo sonidos? ¿ son, por el contrario, un único fonema?, ¿ hay aspiraciones que deben considerarse fonemas y otras sonidos ?), pasando por su procedencia (aspiración histórica, procedente de /f-j latina; aspi ración-más o menos, asunto también debatido-moderna, derivada de /-s/ implosiva, aspiración meridional, equivalente a Ixl castellana): sus consecuencias (realizaciones asimiladas, modificación de grupos consonánticos, influencias sobre el vocalismo, desapar ición, confusión singular/plural, y tantas otras); su distribución geográfica, sociolingüística, etc. Mucho se ha escrito, en definitiva, sobre la aspi ración en nuestra lengua sin que-por lo que sabemos-se hubiera llevado a cabo aún un análisis específico sobre su naturaleza: qué C.f exactamente, dónde y cómo se ar ticula, cuáles son sus características acústicas, a qué da origen, cuál es su influencia subre el entornu y cual recibe de éste ... !\u entidad fonética, que, en último término, debe ser la base <.le sus relaciones fonológicas con los demás elementos del sistema. Este ha sido nuestro objetivo. Para llevarlo a cabo hemos escogido un habla en la que la aspiración se presenta con plena vigencia: la canaria. El total de nuestra muest ra asciende a 626 espectrogramas procedentes
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2008
Speaker-dependent parameters (F3-F4) are expected to show a lower SD when grouped by speaker/sess... more Speaker-dependent parameters (F3-F4) are expected to show a lower SD when grouped by speaker/session, Vowel quality parameters (F1-F2) are supposed to have a lower SD when grouped by phoneme. F0 would be related both to the speaker and the vowel quality. Results show that F2 is the parameter with the highest SD. F4 the one with lowest SD. F0 is highly variable between vowels. No significant differentes are found in any of the parameters when grouping by session or by speaker. Speaker/session clustering (all vowels together) compared with clustering by vowel (all speakers together) shows SD 50% higher in F1-F2, lower in F4 (75%) and F0 (66%). F3 shows no significant differences between both groupings.
The aim of the VILE project is the acoustic phonetic analysis of inter and intra-speaker variatio... more The aim of the VILE project is the acoustic phonetic analysis of inter and intra-speaker variation in Spanish with particular emphasis in obtaining useful results for automatic speaker identification and for forensic phonetic practices. The first phase of the project –presented in this paper– has consisted in a review of the literature dealing with the acoustic parameters which are relevant for speaker identification, and in an analysis of existing spoken corpora in Spanish from which the data analysed in the project will be taken.
En este articulo se presenta, por un lado, una valoracion subjetiva de los propios profesores sob... more En este articulo se presenta, por un lado, una valoracion subjetiva de los propios profesores sobre sus caracteristicas vocales a partir de un resumen del Voice Handicap Index (VHI) (Jacobson et alii , 1997), un cuestionario rigurosamente validado. Concretamente se evalua la percepcion del propio profesor sobre su discapacidad vocal a partir de la version reducida VHI-10 (Rosen et alii , 2004). De forma complementaria, se ofrecen los resultados de un analisis objetivo de diferentes parametros ( jitter , shimmer , relacion armonicos-ruido, duracion o F0 media, etc). Los informantes son docentes que trabajan en colegios de Madrid y Barcelona, en un abanico de niveles educativos que cubre ensenanza infantil, primaria, ESO y bachillerato. Este trabajo, que se inserta en el marco de una investigacion mas amplia, presenta los resultados obtenidos en una semana lectiva al finalizar el primer trimestre academico, a partir de muestras tomadas en lunes y en viernes, relacionando las variables...
Background. Developmental dyslexia is a pervasive child condition whose characteristic phenotypic... more Background. Developmental dyslexia is a pervasive child condition whose characteristic phenotypic profile precludes an early diagnosis. Different early markers of the risk for dyslexia have been posited over time, but neither of them seems totally reliable. Aims and main contribution. In this paper we argue for a diagnostic test based on the abnormal oscillatory signature of the dyslexic brain which builds on recent, robust oscillation-to-phonology links.
Developmental dyslexia is a heterogeneous condition entailing problems with reading and spelling.... more Developmental dyslexia is a heterogeneous condition entailing problems with reading and spelling. Several genes have been linked or associated to the disease, many of which contribute to the development and function of brain areas that are important for auditory and phonological processing. Nonetheless, a clear link between genes, the brain, and the symptoms of dyslexia is still pending. The goal of this paper is contributing to bridge this gap. With this aim, we have focused on how the dyslexic brain fails to process speech sounds and reading cues. We have adopted an oscillatory perspective, according to which dyslexia results from a deficient integration of different brain rhythms during reading/spellings tasks. Moreover, we show that some candidates for this condition are related to brain rhythms. This approach should help gain a better understanding of the aetiology and the clinical presentation of developmental dyslexia, but also achieve an earlier and more accurate diagnosis o...
Este trabajo es una reflexión sobre dos áreas de la lingüística clínica que a menudo se encuentra... more Este trabajo es una reflexión sobre dos áreas de la lingüística clínica que a menudo se encuentran disociadas, a pesar de que sólo desde la relación entre ambas se puede lograr un desarrollo adecuado de esta disciplina: la docencia y la intervención clínica. Uno de los ámbitos de actuación más tradicionales de la lingüística es la enseñanza; y la lingüística clínica no ha sido ajena a él. Su intervención en la formación de los terapeutas del lenguaje y logopedas ha alcanzado un nivel de estabilidad reconocido en los planes de estudios oficiales. Sin embargo, no ocurre lo mismo en el ámbito audiológico, donde nos encontramos en un momento crítico, en el que se plantea regularizar la formación al respecto, sin que la lingüística parezca jugar un papel claro en las propuestas. Creemos que ámbitos como este I Congreso Nacional de Lingüística Clínica son óptimos para generar un debate que permita plantear un cambio en esa situación. Por otra parte, el lingüista clínico como profesional e...
Language Acquisition and Language Disorders, 2007
The acquisition of diminutives in Spanish, facilitated by phonoprosodical, morphological and prag... more The acquisition of diminutives in Spanish, facilitated by phonoprosodical, morphological and pragmatic means, becomes more than a simple morphopragmatic device to be acquired. We propose that it provides the child with essential cues for grammatical segmentation, which proves very useful in later stages of language development. To test this hypothesis, an analysis of two longitudinal corpora of Spanish L1 has been carried out. Quantitative considerations included type/token ratio in children and cds across ages and word classes; qualitative considerations included a search for the emergence of the first contrast (mini-paradigms). Both perspectives confirm a pattern of a very rapid development and mastery of diminutive formation. Some other aspects, such as morphophonology, suffix selection and spontaneity versus imitation, are also considered. We round up with some considerations regarding the semantics and pragmatics of diminutives in Spanish.
Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 2014
In a reading task we investigate the scaling of pitch accents in neutral and lively speech in Ger... more In a reading task we investigate the scaling of pitch accents in neutral and lively speech in German. We first show that lively speech tends to increase the pitch span, raising the F0 targets for H tones but little affecting those for L tones. We then investigate the scaling of a tone whose identity is controversial: the second tone, X, of an early peak accent (H+X*). This pitch accent is employed on inferentially accessible referents and has been analysed as H+!H* as well as H+L*. Our finding that the F0 target for X is clearly raised in lively speech favours its analysis as a downstepped high tone in a H+!H* pitch accent.
Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2008
Speech Communication, 2000
Speaker recognition is an emerging task in both commercial and forensic applications. Nevertheles... more Speaker recognition is an emerging task in both commercial and forensic applications. Nevertheless, while in certain applications we can estimate, adapt or hypothesize about our working conditions, most of the commercial applications and almost the whole of the forensic approaches to speaker recognition are still open problems, due to several reasons. Some of these reasons can be stated: environmental conditions are (usually) rapidly changing or highly degraded, acquisition processes are not always under control, incriminated people exhibit low degree of cooperativeness, etc., inducing a wide range of variability sources on speech utterances. In this sense, real approaches to speaker identi®cation necessarily imply taking into account all these variability factors. In order to isolate, analyze and measure the eect of some of the main variability sources that can be found in real commercial and forensic applications, and their in¯uence in automatic recognition systems, a speci®c large speech database in Castilian Spanish called AHUMADA (/aum ada/) has been designed and acquired under controlled conditions. In this paper, together with a detailed description of the database, some experimental results including dierent speech variability factors are also presented.
Revista de Filología Española, 2013
La mayor o menor intensidad de un sonido depende de la anzplitud del movimiento vibratorio que lo... more La mayor o menor intensidad de un sonido depende de la anzplitud del movimiento vibratorio que lo origina. Esta Última se define como la distailcia máxima que alcanzan las i~~oléculas de aire desde la posición de reposo y es proporcional a la etzergla del impulso generador del sonido. 1.2. Intei~sidad fisica y so?zia. La itztirtsidad fisica depende, pues, de la energía)-varia también con la frecuencia: la intensidad aumenta en proporción al cuadrado de la amplitud por la frecuencia. Según Gili Gaya', "llamando 1 a la intensidad, a a la amplitud y n al número de vibraciones por segundo, tendremos que 1 es proporcional a (an) 2. Esta intensidad física, que se mide en decibelios3, tiene como correlato * Este articulo se entregb para su publicación en 1993 en el Anuario de Letras de
Revista de Filología Española, 1990
N umerosas polémicas se han desatado en turno al objeto del presente trabajo: desde su simple def... more N umerosas polémicas se han desatado en turno al objeto del presente trabajo: desde su simple definición fonética (¿sordo o sonoro?, ¿laríngeo, faríngeo o velar?, ¿ turbulento o armónico?) hasta su entidad fonológica (¿ todas las aspiraciones son sólo sonidos? ¿ son, por el contrario, un único fonema?, ¿ hay aspiraciones que deben considerarse fonemas y otras sonidos ?), pasando por su procedencia (aspiración histórica, procedente de /f-j latina; aspi ración-más o menos, asunto también debatido-moderna, derivada de /-s/ implosiva, aspiración meridional, equivalente a Ixl castellana): sus consecuencias (realizaciones asimiladas, modificación de grupos consonánticos, influencias sobre el vocalismo, desapar ición, confusión singular/plural, y tantas otras); su distribución geográfica, sociolingüística, etc. Mucho se ha escrito, en definitiva, sobre la aspi ración en nuestra lengua sin que-por lo que sabemos-se hubiera llevado a cabo aún un análisis específico sobre su naturaleza: qué C.f exactamente, dónde y cómo se ar ticula, cuáles son sus características acústicas, a qué da origen, cuál es su influencia subre el entornu y cual recibe de éste ... !\u entidad fonética, que, en último término, debe ser la base <.le sus relaciones fonológicas con los demás elementos del sistema. Este ha sido nuestro objetivo. Para llevarlo a cabo hemos escogido un habla en la que la aspiración se presenta con plena vigencia: la canaria. El total de nuestra muest ra asciende a 626 espectrogramas procedentes
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2008
Speaker-dependent parameters (F3-F4) are expected to show a lower SD when grouped by speaker/sess... more Speaker-dependent parameters (F3-F4) are expected to show a lower SD when grouped by speaker/session, Vowel quality parameters (F1-F2) are supposed to have a lower SD when grouped by phoneme. F0 would be related both to the speaker and the vowel quality. Results show that F2 is the parameter with the highest SD. F4 the one with lowest SD. F0 is highly variable between vowels. No significant differentes are found in any of the parameters when grouping by session or by speaker. Speaker/session clustering (all vowels together) compared with clustering by vowel (all speakers together) shows SD 50% higher in F1-F2, lower in F4 (75%) and F0 (66%). F3 shows no significant differences between both groupings.