Vilem Novotny - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Vilem Novotny

Bristol University Press eBooks, 2016

Socioekonomické a humanitní studie/Socioekonomické a humanitní studie, Aug 8, 2021

Článek zkoumá Lakatosovu metodologii vědeckovýzkumných programů. Tato metodologie je inspirativní... more Článek zkoumá Lakatosovu metodologii vědeckovýzkumných programů. Tato metodologie je inspirativní i pro hodnocení efektů vědeckovýzkumných programů. Vědeckovýzkumný program je produkční jednotkou. Produkční jednotka (např. vědec, výzkumný tým) produkují výstupy a výsledky. Navržený systémový model ukazuje, jakými způsoby a formami je možné zjišťovat efekty vědeckovýzkumných programů a jak provádět jejich ex post evaluaci. Navržený postup tak může přispět k zefektivnění vědní politiky. Klíčová slova: Lakatos, vědeckovýzkumný program, hodnocení výstupů a výsledků vědeckovýzkumného programu, efektivnost vědní politiky JEL klasifikace: A 14, B 40 1 Článek je zpracován jako výstup projektu Grantové agentury ČR "Konceptualizování Multiple Streams Framework jako vědeckého výzkumného programu: Systematická perspektiva jeho vývoje (19-23794S)".

Bristol University Press eBooks, Aug 14, 2017

Policy Press eBooks, May 18, 2016

Our aim is to explain a particular theoretical framework to investigate the phenomenon of policy-... more Our aim is to explain a particular theoretical framework to investigate the phenomenon of policy-related expertise and policy work in political parties, to show—using the example of Czech political parties—the construction of a research design and defend the use of specific methods. Political parties in Europe are in a privileged position of policy-making. We are interested in how the political parties generate expertise that is essential for their involvement in the policy-making process. Surprisingly, there has been little study of parties’ internal assumptions and their capacity to generate policy-related expertise. In this chapter, we create a theoretical framework that interconnects theories of political parties and theories of public policy (especially Katz and Mair’s cartel party theory, Harmel and Janda’s integrated theory of party goals and change and Howlett’s concept of policy capacity and policy analytical capacity). We also show possible connections between our research...

Central European Journal of Public Policy

The Czech Republic experienced a significant transformation of health care as a consequence of so... more The Czech Republic experienced a significant transformation of health care as a consequence of society-wide changes which started 30 years ago. The article aims to identify factors of successful and unsuccessful processes in giving a legislative anchor to the new organisational–legal form of Czech hospitals after 2000. There were several attempts to change the organisational–legal structure of hospitals. Just two of them succeeded to enter the decision-making phase in the Parliament, and only one led to successful approval of the Act. In the article, we use the Multiple Stream Framework (MSF) to explain how different streams (policy, politics and problem stream) couple and open a policy window that allows a policy change. We chose modified MSF, which broadens the concept by including the agenda-setting as well as decision-making processes and offers two coupling processes. In a comparison of two cases of the policy process, we identified the factors that cause closing the window bef...

NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy

The Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) is currently one of the most widely used frameworks in polic... more The Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) is currently one of the most widely used frameworks in policy process research. It explains how policy agenda develops in the policy process with emphasis on policy adoption. This article examines MSF from the perspective of the history of science and Lakatos’ methodology of scientific research programs. In this respect, we consider MSF a “semi-strong theory” that uses a form of subsumption under theory for scientific explanation. This differs from a “strong” explanatory theory (e.g., physics), which uses explanations in the form of subsumption under scientific law. From the point of view of Lakatos’ methodology, MSF represents a scientific research program. The basic element is a hard core given mainly by the MSF hypothesis for the framework as a whole and MSF assumptions and key structural elements. Around the hard core there is a protective belt of auxiliary hypotheses. They correspond to hypotheses related to the framework’s key elements and ...

Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 2020

Abstract The article proposes one of the first quantitative operationalizations of the Multiple S... more Abstract The article proposes one of the first quantitative operationalizations of the Multiple Streams Framework’s (MSF) concept of policy community integration, which determines the gestation process of policy ideas in the policy stream. It argues that operationalization by the Gini coefficient of nodal degree and by Freeman’s segregation score enables us to indicate better the type of a policy community (less integrated, or more integrated), and thus, to assume the trajectory of the gestation process. The findings suggest that Policy Network Analysis offers a more progressive operationalization of the integration concept and helps to compare policy communities.

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NOVOTNÝ, Vilém. 2006. Francouzská tradice studia veřejných politik : Možné inspirace. In Němec, J... more NOVOTNÝ, Vilém. 2006. Francouzská tradice studia veřejných politik : Možné inspirace. In Němec, Jan; Šůstková, Markéta (ed.). III. Kongres českých politologů, Olomouc 8.–10. 9. 2006. Praha, Olomouc : Česká společnost pro politické vědy, 2006, s. 896–906. ISBN 978-80-902176-0-7. French tradition of public policy studies is not well known in the Czech Republic. The aim of this contribution is to get acquainted Czech audience with main features of the French tradition. In three parts of the article there are presented essential characteristics of the French studies with short description of the most important approaches. It is followed by a sketch of main issues framing theoretical and methodological debates around so called “crisis” of the French public policy analysis. And at the end there are shortly drafted some possible inspirations from the French experience to the Czech public policy studies.

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This book deals with a development of Czech public policy study in European context. The study of... more This book deals with a development of Czech public policy study in European context. The study of public policy is here considered to be a specific sub-discipline of political sciences. It encompasses all approaches that are engaged in research of public policy. The book, which is based on moderate constructivist positions, sums up findings from explorative research phase of the Czech public policy study and put these findings, for better understanding, in European context. This purpose is followed in three parts which are dedicated to three basic questions covering theoretical and practical dimensions of the issue. The first part aims to answer a question of what it is the study of public policy. It deals mainly with terminological and disciplinary delimitation of the study. It considers the study of public policy as a research object and the development of the public policy study as a subject of the study. This part also focuses on defining essential terms and drawing a relation b...

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This chapter presents framework that explains policy-making process in form of the Multi-stream t... more This chapter presents framework that explains policy-making process in form of the Multi-stream theory.

NOVOTNÝ, Vilém. 2008b. Public Policy Studies in Europe : Toward a Comparative Framework for Publi... more NOVOTNÝ, Vilém. 2008b. Public Policy Studies in Europe : Toward a Comparative Framework for Public Policy Studies (the Case sof the USA, France, Germany, and the Czech Republic. In Mejstřík, Michal et al. Socio-Economic Models and Policies to Support Active Citizens : Czech Republic and Europe. Praha : Matfyzpress, 2008, s. 13-26. ISBN 978-80-7378-034-6.

Czech political parties, as other political parties in liberal democracies, play an important rol... more Czech political parties, as other political parties in liberal democracies, play an important role in policy-making process. Contemporary reforms of Czech welfare state have challenged policy-related capacities of the parties and put them under the stress because they have to mobilise relevant policy expertise to sustain their position in the policy-making. This paper asks how main Czech political parties are able to respond to this stress by their formal mechanisms and organisational arrangements that produce required policy-related expertise. We assume these arrangements take form of policy advice system that can be defined as a configuration of actors dealing with policy analysis (see Howlett 2009 etc.). Thus, the aim of this paper is to explore policy capacities and especially policy advice systems that Czech political parties have to fulfil successfully their role in political system. Concerning the Czech political parties we focus on two cases of the strongest Czech political ...

Policy Sciences, 2015

Our aim is to probe the applicability of multiple streams approach (MSA) on the case of the Czech... more Our aim is to probe the applicability of multiple streams approach (MSA) on the case of the Czech Social Democratic Party modernization's project (2006-2008), as well as to extend it to settings beyond the government. This case offers not only a different domain to test MSA, but also a good case of problem solving under conditions of crisis. We argue that it is possible to apply MSA to political parties because they represent the same kind of organizations as governments, i.e., organized anarchies. Applying the MSA framework helps us understand the organizational transformation of the party. We identified favorable essential elements of three streams that were coupled in two opportunity windows by a skillful policy entrepreneur, the party chair Paroubek. His designation to the party leadership opened the window for successful adoption and realization of the narrow modernization project focusing on the introduction of political marketing and managerial methods. The defeat in the 2006 elections unlocked the window for adoption of the broad modernization project, but ambiguity of the issue hindered implementation leading to a loss of attention by party decision makers, the main entrepreneur and the dominant voteseeking orientation of the party.

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In this article we raise the topic of generating of expertise in political parties and the capaci... more In this article we raise the topic of generating of expertise in political parties and the capacities they have in order to fulfill this purpose. This topic is not specifically Czech, the same type of structural changes are taking place in the European liberal democracies in general. We outline the main contours of this transformation and we identify two complementary trends: the expertization of politics and the politicization of expertise. We therefore focus on the question of the appropriate theoretical description of these phenomena, which is simply missing. In this article, we assume institutionalist perspective and justify the construction of a particular theoretical framework. We opted for an inductive approach; however we use some elements from existing theories or concepts (Katz and Mair’s cartel party theory; Janda and Harmel’s integrated theory of party goals and party change; Howlett’s concepts of policy capacity and policy analytical capacity). The common denominator is...

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This publication presents the results of research on the development of ČSSD (the Social Democrat... more This publication presents the results of research on the development of ČSSD (the Social Democratic Party) and KSČM (the Communist Party) in the Czech Republic over the first decade of the 21st century (2000–2010), with primary attention devoted to the second half of the decade. The research was guided by two basic questions. First, how have ČSSD and KSČM changed over the past decade, ie. what empirically observable organisational characteristics can be identified in connection with these parties, and how can they be categorised on the basis of those characteristics. The research and categorisation drew on cartel party theory (Katz, Mair). Second, how can the observed transformation be explained. The authors aimed to trace the more general and direct causes of the transformation, the exact course of change, and its timing. They drew on cartel party theory generally and multi-stream theory (Kingdon, Zahariadis) specifically. In response to the first research question the authors obse...