Vimal Karnaker - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Vimal Karnaker

Tropical Doctor, Sep 10, 2023

Journal of Infection and Public Health

a b c d Asha Pai K B, Manjunath R Kamath, Vimal Kumar Karnaker, Gopalakrishnan M Associate profes... more a b c d Asha Pai K B, Manjunath R Kamath, Vimal Kumar Karnaker, Gopalakrishnan M Associate professor, Department of Microbiology, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore. Associate Professor and consultant cardiac anaesthesiologist, Department of Anaesthesiology, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore. Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore. Chief cardiac surgeon, Department of CTVS, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore

Introduction and Aim: Serum p53 autoantibody (S-p53AAb) detection is an indirect approach to asse... more Introduction and Aim: Serum p53 autoantibody (S-p53AAb) detection is an indirect approach to assess the status of p53 in cancers. OSCC is strongly associated with tobacco consumption and often preceded by premalignant lesions, which is a tobacco associated potentially malignant disorder. This study aims to establish the relevance of S-p53AAb as a diagnostic marker and prognostic indicator. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2014 to 2018 in a tertiary care dental hospital. Serum p53 antibody levels were assessed in 100 cases of biopsy proven oral squamous cell carcinoma, 100 oral premalignant lesions, and 100 normal healthy tobacco users using MESACUP Kit by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data was collected and collated in the MS Excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS Ver.20. Qualitative variables were expressed in percentages and proportions, and quantitative variables as median and interquartile range. Results: S- p53AAb was expressed in 15% of p...

Indian Journal of Cancer, Dec 26, 2023

Indian journal of applied research, 2016

Human subcutaneous dirofilariasis is a rare zoonotic filarial infection caused by filarial worms ... more Human subcutaneous dirofilariasis is a rare zoonotic filarial infection caused by filarial worms of the genus Dirofilaria. In recent, there has been a rise in human Dirofilaria infections in several regions of the world and is considered as emerging zoonotic infection transmitted to man by zooanthrophilic blood sucking insects. Cases of subcutaneous Dirofilariasis are majority caused byDirofilaria repens . Here we present a case of migratory subcutaneous swelling of the left leg in a 28 year old male patient. Patient underwent surgical removal of a live filaria worm which was then sent for microbiological evaluation and revealed filarial worm of the immitis species.

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2020

BACKGROUND Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infection caused by the spirochaete Leptospira, which has ... more BACKGROUND Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infection caused by the spirochaete Leptospira, which has worldwide distribution. Laboratory diagnosis is routinely performed by serological tests like dipstick assay, lateral flow assay and latex agglutination which are rapid tests recommended for screening the disease. Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) is the standard test for serological diagnosis of leptospiral infection which is not included in the test panel in most of the peripheral laboratories as the procedure is laborious and it requires to maintain live leptospira. Therefore, one of the rapid tests is routinely employed for demonstration of leptospiral antibodies. Our objective was to screen the acute cases of leptospirosis by Leptochek WB IgM and PanBio IgM Elisa and compare the findings with the MAT and correlate the clinical findings with the serological tests. METHODS This study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore from August 2010 to September 2013. A total of 314 cases of clinically suspected leptospirosis were included based on the Faine's criteria. Patients' serum was screened for leptospiral antibodies by Leptochek WB IgM, PanBio IgM ELISA and Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). RESULTS Out of 314 clinically suspected cases screened, seropositivity for leptospirosis by Leptochek WB-IgM, PanBio IgM ELISA and MAT was found to be 49 (15.6%), 65 (20.7%) and 78 (24.8%) respectively. Thus, an overall prevalence rate of leptospirosis was 24.8% (78/314) based on the MAT test. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Leptocheck WB IgM was 53.8%, 97%, 85.7 and 86.4% with MAT while the comparative values of PanBio-ELISA IgM with respect to MAT test was 74.5%, 97 %, 89.2% and 92% respectively. Common clinical features among MAT positive cases were fever, chills and rigors, oliguria, vomiting, jaundice and headache. CONCLUSIONS MAT is a standard serological test for Leptospirosis. This test is not always available for peripheral health centres, as the test is time consuming and cumbersome. Thus, screening tests are now being employed for screening the patients. Rapid tests like Leptocheck-WB can be supplemented with an ELISA test for screening of clinically suspected cases of Leptospirosis and later confirmed with the MAT at reference centres.

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 2017

Background: Rigid endoscopes have revolutionized the diagnosis and management of upper aerodigest... more Background: Rigid endoscopes have revolutionized the diagnosis and management of upper aerodigestive pathologies. Inadequate disinfection and sterilization techniques carry increased risk for cross infection. Hence, they require high level disinfection to effectively reduce the bacterial and fungal contamination of rigid endoscopes. The present study analyses the various techniques of sterilization practised in Mangaluru, Karnataka, at different Otorhinolaryngology clinics.Methods: This prospective descriptive study was done on 30 rigid endoscopes. Swabs were taken from the endoscopes and container, and send for detailed microbiological examination. The different methods practised at various centres were documented. Results: The various sterilization technique practised was predominantly cetrimide and chlorhexidine solution (savlon) wash, ETO and Formaldehyde. However, among all techniques the microbiological studies revealed no growth.Conclusions: Rigid endoscopes have emerged as ...

Medical Hypotheses, 2008

community because of the nature of the work they are constantly engaged in. We suggest that the d... more community because of the nature of the work they are constantly engaged in. We suggest that the degree of bilateral asymmetry in a human body is strongly related to the type of work the individual is engaged in. Involvement in the hard physical work and working with agricultural tools for long durations can help in development of increased musculature and consequently more growth of the bones of that side. Although, one of the cause for the extent of bilateral asymmetry is genetic [5] but we suggest the working environment may help in developing the bilateral asymmetry in human body to a greater extent. Researchers are encouraged to conduct studies in this direction for the exact cause of this kind of asymmetry in agricultural communities especially of developing nations.

BJU International, 2006

OBJECTIVETo analyse health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and satisfaction with care across pote... more OBJECTIVETo analyse health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and satisfaction with care across potential curative treatments for older patients newly diagnosed with prostate cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn a prospective cohort study we recruited 115 older patients (≥65 years) newly diagnosed with prostate cancer from the urology clinics of an urban academic and a Veterans’ Administration (VA) hospital. Patients completed generic (Short Form‐36), prostate‐specific (University of California Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index) HRQoL, and Client Satisfaction with Care (CSQ‐8) surveys before treatment with either radical prostatectomy (RP) or external beam irradiation (EBRT) and at 3, 6 and 12 months afterward. Clinical and demographic data were obtained via medical chart review. A repeated‐measures analysis of variance was used to examine changes in generic and prostate cancer‐specific HRQoL between treatments. Log‐linear regression was used to analyse the factors associated with 12‐month HR...

Abstract: Chromobacterium violaceum is a rare human pathogen with a high rate of mortality. Since... more Abstract: Chromobacterium violaceum is a rare human pathogen with a high rate of mortality. Since the first case from Malaysia in 1927, about 150 cases have been reported till 2004 in the world literature [1]. We report a case of septicaemia with bronchopneumonia ...

Archives of clinical infectious diseases, May 25, 2024

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU, Mar 1, 2013

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

The study was conducted to know the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical infections a... more The study was conducted to know the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical infections and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern to commonly used antibiotics in a tertiary care teaching hospital. We received 897 relevant clinical isolates among, which 203 was P.aeruginosa. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method with first line and second line antibiotics. Results - Among the first line antibiotics the isolate displayed an increased resistance to Ciprofloxacin (28.57%) followed by Levofloxacin (25.61%), and the least was towards Amikacin (14.77%), whereas most of the second line antibiotics such as Polymyxin B and Colistin exhibited a high sensitivity (99.02 %.). Conclusion-The ability of the opportunistic pathogen P.aeruginosa to rapidly develop resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics during the course of treatment makes it important to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern. As the pipeline of new drugs continues ...

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the main pathogen associated with urinary tract infectio... more Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the main pathogen associated with urinary tract infections namely cystitis, pyleonephritis and infectious complications. As a commensal, E.coli is mostly harmless in the gut. Some strains diverge and become more pathogenic. They express multiple virulence factors and invade the Urinary tract (UT). The important ones are the adhesins or specialized proteins with sticky ends, which help to break the inertia of urinary bladder mucosa and help to attach to them.

This study was conducted to detect the prevalence of haemolysis, its hly virulence genes and the ... more This study was conducted to detect the prevalence of haemolysis, its hly virulence genes and the antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli strains implicated in Urinary tract infections (UPEC) in Palakkad, India. From 280 urine samples 200 E. coli strains were isolated and identified. The antimicrobial resistances of E. coli isolates were characterized using Disk Diffusion method. Haemolysis was checked using 5% sheep Blood agar and finally PCR was carried out for strains showing haemolysis using hly D primer. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed, 90.5%, 52.0%, 47.5%, 19.0%, 38.5%, 24.7%, 36% and 30% resistance rate to ampicillin, cefuroxime, ciprofloaxacin, ceftazidime, co-trimoxazole, gentamicin, nalidixic-acid, norfloxacin and nitrofurantion respectively. Haemolysis in sheep blood agar was observed in 55 (27.5%) of the isolates. hlyD genes were seen among 10 UPEC strains. The data suggest a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in UPEC strains.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Patients colonised with MRSA are at an increased risk of developing post ... more ABSTRACT: Introduction: Patients colonised with MRSA are at an increased risk of developing post surgical infections and the implications are greater in vascular and orthopedic surgeries involving prosthetic implants. Preoperative screening for nasal colonisation and decolonisation reduces the risk for the development of such infections. Aims and objectives: To assess the rate of nasal colonisation with MRSA and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern among patients undergoing cardiac surgery in our centre. Methods and material: Anterior nasal swabs from 69 patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement surgeries, that were sent to the Department of Microbiology, as part of routine preoperative screening for nasal colonisation by MRSA, were included in the study. Screening for MRSA was done by disc diffusion method using cefoxitin disc. Antibiotic sensitivity testing of the MRSA isolates was done by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Vancomycin sensitivity was assessed by ma...

A B S T R A C T Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by E.coli and account for about 80% of... more A B S T R A C T Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by E.coli and account for about 80% of community accquried UTI. In this study the bactericidal resistance of serum by Uropathogenic E.coli (UPEC) was compared with the resistance shown by intestinal isolates (control group) obtained from fecal specimen. A total of 300 UPEC and 30 intestinal E.coli were tested.

International Journal of Applied Biology and P, 2013

The study was conducted to know the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical infections a... more The study was conducted to know the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical infections and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern to commonly used antibiotics in a tertiary care teaching hospital. We received 897 relevant clinical isolates among, which 203 was P.aeruginosa. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method with first line and second line antibiotics. Results – Among the first line antibiotics the isolate displayed an increased resistance to Ciprofloxacin (28.57%) followed by Levofloxacin (25.61%), and the least was towards Amikacin (14.77%), whereas most of the second line antibiotics such as Polymyxin B and Colistin exhibited a high sensitivity (99.02 %.). Conclusion-The ability of the opportunistic pathogen P.aeruginosa to rapidly develop resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics during the course of treatment makes it important to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern. As the pipeline of new drugs continues to d...

Tropical Doctor, Sep 10, 2023

Journal of Infection and Public Health

a b c d Asha Pai K B, Manjunath R Kamath, Vimal Kumar Karnaker, Gopalakrishnan M Associate profes... more a b c d Asha Pai K B, Manjunath R Kamath, Vimal Kumar Karnaker, Gopalakrishnan M Associate professor, Department of Microbiology, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore. Associate Professor and consultant cardiac anaesthesiologist, Department of Anaesthesiology, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore. Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore. Chief cardiac surgeon, Department of CTVS, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore

Introduction and Aim: Serum p53 autoantibody (S-p53AAb) detection is an indirect approach to asse... more Introduction and Aim: Serum p53 autoantibody (S-p53AAb) detection is an indirect approach to assess the status of p53 in cancers. OSCC is strongly associated with tobacco consumption and often preceded by premalignant lesions, which is a tobacco associated potentially malignant disorder. This study aims to establish the relevance of S-p53AAb as a diagnostic marker and prognostic indicator. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2014 to 2018 in a tertiary care dental hospital. Serum p53 antibody levels were assessed in 100 cases of biopsy proven oral squamous cell carcinoma, 100 oral premalignant lesions, and 100 normal healthy tobacco users using MESACUP Kit by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data was collected and collated in the MS Excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS Ver.20. Qualitative variables were expressed in percentages and proportions, and quantitative variables as median and interquartile range. Results: S- p53AAb was expressed in 15% of p...

Indian Journal of Cancer, Dec 26, 2023

Indian journal of applied research, 2016

Human subcutaneous dirofilariasis is a rare zoonotic filarial infection caused by filarial worms ... more Human subcutaneous dirofilariasis is a rare zoonotic filarial infection caused by filarial worms of the genus Dirofilaria. In recent, there has been a rise in human Dirofilaria infections in several regions of the world and is considered as emerging zoonotic infection transmitted to man by zooanthrophilic blood sucking insects. Cases of subcutaneous Dirofilariasis are majority caused byDirofilaria repens . Here we present a case of migratory subcutaneous swelling of the left leg in a 28 year old male patient. Patient underwent surgical removal of a live filaria worm which was then sent for microbiological evaluation and revealed filarial worm of the immitis species.

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2020

BACKGROUND Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infection caused by the spirochaete Leptospira, which has ... more BACKGROUND Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infection caused by the spirochaete Leptospira, which has worldwide distribution. Laboratory diagnosis is routinely performed by serological tests like dipstick assay, lateral flow assay and latex agglutination which are rapid tests recommended for screening the disease. Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) is the standard test for serological diagnosis of leptospiral infection which is not included in the test panel in most of the peripheral laboratories as the procedure is laborious and it requires to maintain live leptospira. Therefore, one of the rapid tests is routinely employed for demonstration of leptospiral antibodies. Our objective was to screen the acute cases of leptospirosis by Leptochek WB IgM and PanBio IgM Elisa and compare the findings with the MAT and correlate the clinical findings with the serological tests. METHODS This study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore from August 2010 to September 2013. A total of 314 cases of clinically suspected leptospirosis were included based on the Faine's criteria. Patients' serum was screened for leptospiral antibodies by Leptochek WB IgM, PanBio IgM ELISA and Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). RESULTS Out of 314 clinically suspected cases screened, seropositivity for leptospirosis by Leptochek WB-IgM, PanBio IgM ELISA and MAT was found to be 49 (15.6%), 65 (20.7%) and 78 (24.8%) respectively. Thus, an overall prevalence rate of leptospirosis was 24.8% (78/314) based on the MAT test. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Leptocheck WB IgM was 53.8%, 97%, 85.7 and 86.4% with MAT while the comparative values of PanBio-ELISA IgM with respect to MAT test was 74.5%, 97 %, 89.2% and 92% respectively. Common clinical features among MAT positive cases were fever, chills and rigors, oliguria, vomiting, jaundice and headache. CONCLUSIONS MAT is a standard serological test for Leptospirosis. This test is not always available for peripheral health centres, as the test is time consuming and cumbersome. Thus, screening tests are now being employed for screening the patients. Rapid tests like Leptocheck-WB can be supplemented with an ELISA test for screening of clinically suspected cases of Leptospirosis and later confirmed with the MAT at reference centres.

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 2017

Background: Rigid endoscopes have revolutionized the diagnosis and management of upper aerodigest... more Background: Rigid endoscopes have revolutionized the diagnosis and management of upper aerodigestive pathologies. Inadequate disinfection and sterilization techniques carry increased risk for cross infection. Hence, they require high level disinfection to effectively reduce the bacterial and fungal contamination of rigid endoscopes. The present study analyses the various techniques of sterilization practised in Mangaluru, Karnataka, at different Otorhinolaryngology clinics.Methods: This prospective descriptive study was done on 30 rigid endoscopes. Swabs were taken from the endoscopes and container, and send for detailed microbiological examination. The different methods practised at various centres were documented. Results: The various sterilization technique practised was predominantly cetrimide and chlorhexidine solution (savlon) wash, ETO and Formaldehyde. However, among all techniques the microbiological studies revealed no growth.Conclusions: Rigid endoscopes have emerged as ...

Medical Hypotheses, 2008

community because of the nature of the work they are constantly engaged in. We suggest that the d... more community because of the nature of the work they are constantly engaged in. We suggest that the degree of bilateral asymmetry in a human body is strongly related to the type of work the individual is engaged in. Involvement in the hard physical work and working with agricultural tools for long durations can help in development of increased musculature and consequently more growth of the bones of that side. Although, one of the cause for the extent of bilateral asymmetry is genetic [5] but we suggest the working environment may help in developing the bilateral asymmetry in human body to a greater extent. Researchers are encouraged to conduct studies in this direction for the exact cause of this kind of asymmetry in agricultural communities especially of developing nations.

BJU International, 2006

OBJECTIVETo analyse health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and satisfaction with care across pote... more OBJECTIVETo analyse health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and satisfaction with care across potential curative treatments for older patients newly diagnosed with prostate cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn a prospective cohort study we recruited 115 older patients (≥65 years) newly diagnosed with prostate cancer from the urology clinics of an urban academic and a Veterans’ Administration (VA) hospital. Patients completed generic (Short Form‐36), prostate‐specific (University of California Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index) HRQoL, and Client Satisfaction with Care (CSQ‐8) surveys before treatment with either radical prostatectomy (RP) or external beam irradiation (EBRT) and at 3, 6 and 12 months afterward. Clinical and demographic data were obtained via medical chart review. A repeated‐measures analysis of variance was used to examine changes in generic and prostate cancer‐specific HRQoL between treatments. Log‐linear regression was used to analyse the factors associated with 12‐month HR...

Abstract: Chromobacterium violaceum is a rare human pathogen with a high rate of mortality. Since... more Abstract: Chromobacterium violaceum is a rare human pathogen with a high rate of mortality. Since the first case from Malaysia in 1927, about 150 cases have been reported till 2004 in the world literature [1]. We report a case of septicaemia with bronchopneumonia ...

Archives of clinical infectious diseases, May 25, 2024

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU, Mar 1, 2013

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

The study was conducted to know the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical infections a... more The study was conducted to know the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical infections and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern to commonly used antibiotics in a tertiary care teaching hospital. We received 897 relevant clinical isolates among, which 203 was P.aeruginosa. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method with first line and second line antibiotics. Results - Among the first line antibiotics the isolate displayed an increased resistance to Ciprofloxacin (28.57%) followed by Levofloxacin (25.61%), and the least was towards Amikacin (14.77%), whereas most of the second line antibiotics such as Polymyxin B and Colistin exhibited a high sensitivity (99.02 %.). Conclusion-The ability of the opportunistic pathogen P.aeruginosa to rapidly develop resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics during the course of treatment makes it important to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern. As the pipeline of new drugs continues ...

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the main pathogen associated with urinary tract infectio... more Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the main pathogen associated with urinary tract infections namely cystitis, pyleonephritis and infectious complications. As a commensal, E.coli is mostly harmless in the gut. Some strains diverge and become more pathogenic. They express multiple virulence factors and invade the Urinary tract (UT). The important ones are the adhesins or specialized proteins with sticky ends, which help to break the inertia of urinary bladder mucosa and help to attach to them.

This study was conducted to detect the prevalence of haemolysis, its hly virulence genes and the ... more This study was conducted to detect the prevalence of haemolysis, its hly virulence genes and the antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli strains implicated in Urinary tract infections (UPEC) in Palakkad, India. From 280 urine samples 200 E. coli strains were isolated and identified. The antimicrobial resistances of E. coli isolates were characterized using Disk Diffusion method. Haemolysis was checked using 5% sheep Blood agar and finally PCR was carried out for strains showing haemolysis using hly D primer. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed, 90.5%, 52.0%, 47.5%, 19.0%, 38.5%, 24.7%, 36% and 30% resistance rate to ampicillin, cefuroxime, ciprofloaxacin, ceftazidime, co-trimoxazole, gentamicin, nalidixic-acid, norfloxacin and nitrofurantion respectively. Haemolysis in sheep blood agar was observed in 55 (27.5%) of the isolates. hlyD genes were seen among 10 UPEC strains. The data suggest a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in UPEC strains.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Patients colonised with MRSA are at an increased risk of developing post ... more ABSTRACT: Introduction: Patients colonised with MRSA are at an increased risk of developing post surgical infections and the implications are greater in vascular and orthopedic surgeries involving prosthetic implants. Preoperative screening for nasal colonisation and decolonisation reduces the risk for the development of such infections. Aims and objectives: To assess the rate of nasal colonisation with MRSA and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern among patients undergoing cardiac surgery in our centre. Methods and material: Anterior nasal swabs from 69 patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement surgeries, that were sent to the Department of Microbiology, as part of routine preoperative screening for nasal colonisation by MRSA, were included in the study. Screening for MRSA was done by disc diffusion method using cefoxitin disc. Antibiotic sensitivity testing of the MRSA isolates was done by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Vancomycin sensitivity was assessed by ma...

A B S T R A C T Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by E.coli and account for about 80% of... more A B S T R A C T Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by E.coli and account for about 80% of community accquried UTI. In this study the bactericidal resistance of serum by Uropathogenic E.coli (UPEC) was compared with the resistance shown by intestinal isolates (control group) obtained from fecal specimen. A total of 300 UPEC and 30 intestinal E.coli were tested.

International Journal of Applied Biology and P, 2013

The study was conducted to know the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical infections a... more The study was conducted to know the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical infections and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern to commonly used antibiotics in a tertiary care teaching hospital. We received 897 relevant clinical isolates among, which 203 was P.aeruginosa. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method with first line and second line antibiotics. Results – Among the first line antibiotics the isolate displayed an increased resistance to Ciprofloxacin (28.57%) followed by Levofloxacin (25.61%), and the least was towards Amikacin (14.77%), whereas most of the second line antibiotics such as Polymyxin B and Colistin exhibited a high sensitivity (99.02 %.). Conclusion-The ability of the opportunistic pathogen P.aeruginosa to rapidly develop resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics during the course of treatment makes it important to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern. As the pipeline of new drugs continues to d...