Vincent Daniels - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Vincent Daniels

Research paper thumbnail of Air pollution and the archivist

Journal of the Society of Archivists, Apr 1, 1979

... Daniels, V. Title Article/Chapter: "Air pollution and the archivist" Title of Sourc... more ... Daniels, V. Title Article/Chapter: "Air pollution and the archivist" Title of Source: Journal of the Society of Archivists AATA Number: 16-1288 Volume Number: 6 Issue Number: 3 Date of Publication: April 1979 Page Numbers: 154-156 Language Text: English Subject Keywords ...

Research paper thumbnail of Discoloration of Paper Induced by Pigments Containing Zinc

Restaurator-international Journal for The Preservation of Library and Archival Material, 1990

Research paper thumbnail of The Russell Effect: A Review of Its Possible Uses in Conservation and the Scientific Examination of Materials

Studies in Conservation, May 1, 1984

Research paper thumbnail of Gas Plasma Reactions for the Conservation of Antiquities

Studies in Conservation, May 1, 1979

Research paper thumbnail of Degradation of cellulose nitrate adhesive

Studies in Conservation, May 1, 1992

Abstract An adhesive based on cellulose nitrate has been used in the British Museum for the repai... more Abstract An adhesive based on cellulose nitrate has been used in the British Museum for the repair of antiquities since cellulose nitrate plastic was first made commercially available. The use of cellulose nitrate adhesives in conservation has been criticized and for this reason the stability of the adhesive currently in use has been investigated. The properties of artificially aged samples of the adhesive have been compared with those of artificially aged adhesive-grade cellulose nitrate. The results indicate that the degradation of cellulose nitrate is substantially retarded by the plasticizer in the adhesive. Samples of cellulose nitrate adhesive taken from joins in objects where the date of conservation work is known have been analyzed. The results have been compared with the analysis of the artificially aged samples and a relationship between natural and artificial aging of cellulose nitrate adhesive has been established. The results of this investigation indicate that cellulose nitrate adhesives are...

Research paper thumbnail of The Russell Effect—a review of its possible uses in conservation and the scientific examinatio of materials

Studies in Conservation, May 1, 1984

AbstractThe autoxidation of organic materials and the oxidation of metals can be detected photogr... more AbstractThe autoxidation of organic materials and the oxidation of metals can be detected photographically. This phenomenon is called the Russell Effect after its discoverer. In conservation the technique can be used to compare the rate of oxidation of various materials. Three main applications are discussed: detection of watermarks, comparison of conservation treatments and the testing of materials for photograph storage. The effect is thought to be caused by evolution of hydrogen peroxide by materials.

Research paper thumbnail of Conservation Science

The Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks, Nov 13, 2006

Conservation of artefacts and heritage materials is an increasingly popular and fascinating area,... more Conservation of artefacts and heritage materials is an increasingly popular and fascinating area, spanning both historical and scientific disciplines. Materials come in many forms ranging from sunken ships to tapestries, from buildings to books. With this wide range of matrices and materials to analyse and preserve, an interdisciplinary approach is needed drawing upon skills from many areas of knowledge. Conservation Science: Heritage Materials links these fields of research together forming a comprehensive text book that discusses analytical aspects, wall paintings, organic and inorganic materials. It provides up to date information on subjects including research on decay and degradation and an understanding of the deterioration mechanisms of historic and artistic works. Also included are a number of case studies of particularly important finds including the upkeep of the Mary Rose and the preservation of the sail on Nelsons ship HMS Victory. This book provides an essential guide and reference source for those working in all areas of heritage conservation.

Research paper thumbnail of The application of analytical chemistry in archaeology

Analytical Proceedings, 1985

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of the ultraviolet/visible spectrum of degraded poly(vinyl chloride) to determine polyene concentrations

Journal of polymer science, Sep 1, 1974

Research paper thumbnail of Trends in the Application of Analysis in the Museum Laboratory

Elsevier eBooks, 1991

A wide range of techniques is currently used in analysis for the conservation of antiquities. Som... more A wide range of techniques is currently used in analysis for the conservation of antiquities. Some analytical techniques use sophisticated apparatus, others use more traditional simple equipment; useful data can be obtained from both types of analysis. The major types of instrumental analysis used in conservation studies are x-ray fluorescence, x-ray diffraction, EDX, gas and liquid chromotography, atomic absorption plasma emission and infra-red spectroscopy. Some of these techniques have made major advances in recent years, examples of the use of these techniques in conservation are described.

Research paper thumbnail of The Russell effect and its use in non-destructive testing

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London, Nov 26, 1986

Research paper thumbnail of Conservation Science: Heritage Materials

Conservation Science: Heritage Materials

Conservation techniques for the analysis and preservation of heritage materials are constantly pr... more Conservation techniques for the analysis and preservation of heritage materials are constantly progressing. Building on the first edition of Conservation Science, this new edition incorporates analytical techniques and data processing methods that have emerged in the past decade and presents them alongside notable case studies for each class of material. An introductory chapter on analytical techniques provides a succinct overview to bring the reader up-to-speed with which type of material each technique is suitable for, the differing sampling techniques that can be employed, and the handling and processing of the resultant data. Subsequent chapters go on to cover all common heritage materials in turn, from natural substances such as wood and stone to modern plastics, detailing the up-to-date techniques for their analysis. With contributions by scientists working in the museum and heritage sector, this textbook will interest students, scientists involved in conservation, and conserv...

Research paper thumbnail of An Investigation into the Use of Cobalt Salt Impregnated Papers for the Measurement of Relative Humidity

Studies in Conservation, 1983

AbstractCobalt salts are capable of changing colour as the RH fluctuates and this property can be... more AbstractCobalt salts are capable of changing colour as the RH fluctuates and this property can be utilized to manufacture RH indicating cards. Three commercially available cards have been tested and their accuracy found to be similar to the recording thermohygrographs tested.

Research paper thumbnail of Plasma Reduction of Silver Tarnish on Daguerreotypes

Studies in Conservation, 1981

AbstractA glow discharge in hydrogen gas can reduce silver tarnish back to silver. When a Daguerr... more AbstractA glow discharge in hydrogen gas can reduce silver tarnish back to silver. When a Daguerreotype is made an electrode of such a system, reduction takes only a few minutes. Many of the disadvantages of wet chemical methods are avoided.

Research paper thumbnail of A study of the properties of aged starch paste ( furu-nori )

Studies in Conservation, 1988

Research paper thumbnail of The conservation of bog bodies by freeze-drying

Studies in Conservation, 1989

... S. Omar, M. McCord and V. Daniels Abstract-Two bog bodies, Meenybradan Woman and LindowMan, h... more ... S. Omar, M. McCord and V. Daniels Abstract-Two bog bodies, Meenybradan Woman and LindowMan, have been conserved. The principal technique used has been freeze-drying after impreg-nation with polyethylene glycol 400. ... 2 Lindow Man-cleaning and excavation ...

Research paper thumbnail of The Identification of Metal Foils and Powders Used on Japanese Prints and Paintings

Restaurator, 1990

Metal foils have often been used on Japanese prints and paintings. The metal is usually present a... more Metal foils have often been used on Japanese prints and paintings. The metal is usually present as either a uniform area of leaf or scattered onto the surface in flakes of various sizes. Little information is available on the composition of these particles. Those of yellow metal have been assumed to be gold and those of white metal have been assumed to be silver. When white metal and black particles appear together, the black areas are assumed to be tarnished silver. The aim of this investigation was to analyse these particles and, as far as possible, identify their alteration products. Seven prints and two fan paintings from the British Museum's collection were analysed (Table 1). The metal particles on the surface of one of these prints are shown in Fig. 1. There are huge numbers of these particles; on one print examined, it was estimated that there were tens of thousands. The removal of a few for research purposes presents a negligible aesthetic change. Nevertheless, the number of particles removed was kept as lowas possible, consistent with obtaining a representative sample.

Research paper thumbnail of Princes of the House of Timur: conservation and examination of an early Mughal painting

Studies in Conservation, 1997

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of pH on the aqueous light bleaching of paper

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Apr 11, 2023

Light bleaching, as a treatment option for discoloured papers, is currently being reconsidered in... more Light bleaching, as a treatment option for discoloured papers, is currently being reconsidered in the British Museum Western Art on Paper Conservation Studio. This research project was carried out in order to determine optimal and practical treatment conditions. Light bleaching experiments on artificially aged modern papers and naturally aged 18 th century paper immersed in baths of filtered tap water, deionised water, sodium-based buffers, magnesium bicarbonate and calcium hydroxide at alkalinities ranging from pH 8 to pH 12 of have shown that, in general, solutions at a higher pH are more effective at removing discolouration than solutions at neutral pH values. Filtered tap water and deionised water were significantly less effective than any of the other solutions. Magnesium bicarbonate appeared particularly effective at removing discolouration in the dark as well as during light bleaching when compared to calcium hydroxide at neutral or mildly alkaline conditions. Treatments in calcium hydroxide at higher pH values (pH 10 to pH 12) were sometimes more effective than magnesium bicarbonate but this appeared to depend upon paper type and treatment time. Treatments in the sodiumbased buffers were generally the most effective, suggesting that borax may be an alternative to calcium hydroxide which can be laborious to keep at a stable pH for prolonged treatments. However, great care must be taken to fully rinse sodium tetraborate from the papers after treatment as colour reversion tests have shown that residual sodium tetraborate can lead to excessive discolouration. This report contains unpublished research. Its contents should not be published without the permission of the Keeper of the Department of Conservation, Documentation and Science.

Research paper thumbnail of The quality of book-binding and related materials

Research paper thumbnail of Air pollution and the archivist

Journal of the Society of Archivists, Apr 1, 1979

... Daniels, V. Title Article/Chapter: "Air pollution and the archivist" Title of Sourc... more ... Daniels, V. Title Article/Chapter: "Air pollution and the archivist" Title of Source: Journal of the Society of Archivists AATA Number: 16-1288 Volume Number: 6 Issue Number: 3 Date of Publication: April 1979 Page Numbers: 154-156 Language Text: English Subject Keywords ...

Research paper thumbnail of Discoloration of Paper Induced by Pigments Containing Zinc

Restaurator-international Journal for The Preservation of Library and Archival Material, 1990

Research paper thumbnail of The Russell Effect: A Review of Its Possible Uses in Conservation and the Scientific Examination of Materials

Studies in Conservation, May 1, 1984

Research paper thumbnail of Gas Plasma Reactions for the Conservation of Antiquities

Studies in Conservation, May 1, 1979

Research paper thumbnail of Degradation of cellulose nitrate adhesive

Studies in Conservation, May 1, 1992

Abstract An adhesive based on cellulose nitrate has been used in the British Museum for the repai... more Abstract An adhesive based on cellulose nitrate has been used in the British Museum for the repair of antiquities since cellulose nitrate plastic was first made commercially available. The use of cellulose nitrate adhesives in conservation has been criticized and for this reason the stability of the adhesive currently in use has been investigated. The properties of artificially aged samples of the adhesive have been compared with those of artificially aged adhesive-grade cellulose nitrate. The results indicate that the degradation of cellulose nitrate is substantially retarded by the plasticizer in the adhesive. Samples of cellulose nitrate adhesive taken from joins in objects where the date of conservation work is known have been analyzed. The results have been compared with the analysis of the artificially aged samples and a relationship between natural and artificial aging of cellulose nitrate adhesive has been established. The results of this investigation indicate that cellulose nitrate adhesives are...

Research paper thumbnail of The Russell Effect—a review of its possible uses in conservation and the scientific examinatio of materials

Studies in Conservation, May 1, 1984

AbstractThe autoxidation of organic materials and the oxidation of metals can be detected photogr... more AbstractThe autoxidation of organic materials and the oxidation of metals can be detected photographically. This phenomenon is called the Russell Effect after its discoverer. In conservation the technique can be used to compare the rate of oxidation of various materials. Three main applications are discussed: detection of watermarks, comparison of conservation treatments and the testing of materials for photograph storage. The effect is thought to be caused by evolution of hydrogen peroxide by materials.

Research paper thumbnail of Conservation Science

The Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks, Nov 13, 2006

Conservation of artefacts and heritage materials is an increasingly popular and fascinating area,... more Conservation of artefacts and heritage materials is an increasingly popular and fascinating area, spanning both historical and scientific disciplines. Materials come in many forms ranging from sunken ships to tapestries, from buildings to books. With this wide range of matrices and materials to analyse and preserve, an interdisciplinary approach is needed drawing upon skills from many areas of knowledge. Conservation Science: Heritage Materials links these fields of research together forming a comprehensive text book that discusses analytical aspects, wall paintings, organic and inorganic materials. It provides up to date information on subjects including research on decay and degradation and an understanding of the deterioration mechanisms of historic and artistic works. Also included are a number of case studies of particularly important finds including the upkeep of the Mary Rose and the preservation of the sail on Nelsons ship HMS Victory. This book provides an essential guide and reference source for those working in all areas of heritage conservation.

Research paper thumbnail of The application of analytical chemistry in archaeology

Analytical Proceedings, 1985

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of the ultraviolet/visible spectrum of degraded poly(vinyl chloride) to determine polyene concentrations

Journal of polymer science, Sep 1, 1974

Research paper thumbnail of Trends in the Application of Analysis in the Museum Laboratory

Elsevier eBooks, 1991

A wide range of techniques is currently used in analysis for the conservation of antiquities. Som... more A wide range of techniques is currently used in analysis for the conservation of antiquities. Some analytical techniques use sophisticated apparatus, others use more traditional simple equipment; useful data can be obtained from both types of analysis. The major types of instrumental analysis used in conservation studies are x-ray fluorescence, x-ray diffraction, EDX, gas and liquid chromotography, atomic absorption plasma emission and infra-red spectroscopy. Some of these techniques have made major advances in recent years, examples of the use of these techniques in conservation are described.

Research paper thumbnail of The Russell effect and its use in non-destructive testing

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London, Nov 26, 1986

Research paper thumbnail of Conservation Science: Heritage Materials

Conservation Science: Heritage Materials

Conservation techniques for the analysis and preservation of heritage materials are constantly pr... more Conservation techniques for the analysis and preservation of heritage materials are constantly progressing. Building on the first edition of Conservation Science, this new edition incorporates analytical techniques and data processing methods that have emerged in the past decade and presents them alongside notable case studies for each class of material. An introductory chapter on analytical techniques provides a succinct overview to bring the reader up-to-speed with which type of material each technique is suitable for, the differing sampling techniques that can be employed, and the handling and processing of the resultant data. Subsequent chapters go on to cover all common heritage materials in turn, from natural substances such as wood and stone to modern plastics, detailing the up-to-date techniques for their analysis. With contributions by scientists working in the museum and heritage sector, this textbook will interest students, scientists involved in conservation, and conserv...

Research paper thumbnail of An Investigation into the Use of Cobalt Salt Impregnated Papers for the Measurement of Relative Humidity

Studies in Conservation, 1983

AbstractCobalt salts are capable of changing colour as the RH fluctuates and this property can be... more AbstractCobalt salts are capable of changing colour as the RH fluctuates and this property can be utilized to manufacture RH indicating cards. Three commercially available cards have been tested and their accuracy found to be similar to the recording thermohygrographs tested.

Research paper thumbnail of Plasma Reduction of Silver Tarnish on Daguerreotypes

Studies in Conservation, 1981

AbstractA glow discharge in hydrogen gas can reduce silver tarnish back to silver. When a Daguerr... more AbstractA glow discharge in hydrogen gas can reduce silver tarnish back to silver. When a Daguerreotype is made an electrode of such a system, reduction takes only a few minutes. Many of the disadvantages of wet chemical methods are avoided.

Research paper thumbnail of A study of the properties of aged starch paste ( furu-nori )

Studies in Conservation, 1988

Research paper thumbnail of The conservation of bog bodies by freeze-drying

Studies in Conservation, 1989

... S. Omar, M. McCord and V. Daniels Abstract-Two bog bodies, Meenybradan Woman and LindowMan, h... more ... S. Omar, M. McCord and V. Daniels Abstract-Two bog bodies, Meenybradan Woman and LindowMan, have been conserved. The principal technique used has been freeze-drying after impreg-nation with polyethylene glycol 400. ... 2 Lindow Man-cleaning and excavation ...

Research paper thumbnail of The Identification of Metal Foils and Powders Used on Japanese Prints and Paintings

Restaurator, 1990

Metal foils have often been used on Japanese prints and paintings. The metal is usually present a... more Metal foils have often been used on Japanese prints and paintings. The metal is usually present as either a uniform area of leaf or scattered onto the surface in flakes of various sizes. Little information is available on the composition of these particles. Those of yellow metal have been assumed to be gold and those of white metal have been assumed to be silver. When white metal and black particles appear together, the black areas are assumed to be tarnished silver. The aim of this investigation was to analyse these particles and, as far as possible, identify their alteration products. Seven prints and two fan paintings from the British Museum's collection were analysed (Table 1). The metal particles on the surface of one of these prints are shown in Fig. 1. There are huge numbers of these particles; on one print examined, it was estimated that there were tens of thousands. The removal of a few for research purposes presents a negligible aesthetic change. Nevertheless, the number of particles removed was kept as lowas possible, consistent with obtaining a representative sample.

Research paper thumbnail of Princes of the House of Timur: conservation and examination of an early Mughal painting

Studies in Conservation, 1997

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of pH on the aqueous light bleaching of paper

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Apr 11, 2023

Light bleaching, as a treatment option for discoloured papers, is currently being reconsidered in... more Light bleaching, as a treatment option for discoloured papers, is currently being reconsidered in the British Museum Western Art on Paper Conservation Studio. This research project was carried out in order to determine optimal and practical treatment conditions. Light bleaching experiments on artificially aged modern papers and naturally aged 18 th century paper immersed in baths of filtered tap water, deionised water, sodium-based buffers, magnesium bicarbonate and calcium hydroxide at alkalinities ranging from pH 8 to pH 12 of have shown that, in general, solutions at a higher pH are more effective at removing discolouration than solutions at neutral pH values. Filtered tap water and deionised water were significantly less effective than any of the other solutions. Magnesium bicarbonate appeared particularly effective at removing discolouration in the dark as well as during light bleaching when compared to calcium hydroxide at neutral or mildly alkaline conditions. Treatments in calcium hydroxide at higher pH values (pH 10 to pH 12) were sometimes more effective than magnesium bicarbonate but this appeared to depend upon paper type and treatment time. Treatments in the sodiumbased buffers were generally the most effective, suggesting that borax may be an alternative to calcium hydroxide which can be laborious to keep at a stable pH for prolonged treatments. However, great care must be taken to fully rinse sodium tetraborate from the papers after treatment as colour reversion tests have shown that residual sodium tetraborate can lead to excessive discolouration. This report contains unpublished research. Its contents should not be published without the permission of the Keeper of the Department of Conservation, Documentation and Science.

Research paper thumbnail of The quality of book-binding and related materials