Vinod Kumar Verma - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Vinod Kumar Verma

Kerntechnik, 2015

Abstract Radiation damage of Iron by a gamma spectrum of a high flux isotope reactor is estimated... more Abstract Radiation damage of Iron by a gamma spectrum of a high flux isotope reactor is estimated using our JAIPU Monte Carlo code developed for the estimation of radiation damage by neutron and gamma radiation up to 10 MeV energy. The rate of displacement per atom is estimated to be ∼1.389E-10/sec at 30 cm radial distance in the HB-2 tube of the reactor. Production of displaced atoms is found to be an order of magnitude higher than the number of defects. Ratio of the rates of displacement per atoms by gammas to neutrons of the reactor deduced from calculations is found to be consistent with the earlier reported result.

Indian Journal of Physics, 2016

Monte Carlo Code JA-IPU is used for estimation of Frenkel pairs and their effect on change of res... more Monte Carlo Code JA-IPU is used for estimation of Frenkel pairs and their effect on change of resistivity of Iron on irradiation by gamma spectrum of Co 60. The Code includes three cascade processes of incident gamma, produced electrons and recoiled atoms and simulation of the lattice structure of the target material. Change in experimentally measured resistivity of Iron is found to vary with number of Frenkel pairs as *(x-1) ln N d .

Nutrients

Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often linked with hyperglycemia, disturbed lipid profiles, inf... more Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often linked with hyperglycemia, disturbed lipid profiles, inflammation, and gut dysbiosis. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation has a vital role in the management of T2DM. As a result, a better understanding of the potential role of omega-3 fatty acids in the development and progression of T2DM by influencing the intestinal microflora will help to improve the therapeutic intervention for T2DM and related complications. Focusing on the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways induced by omega-3 fatty acids, this paper attempts to comprehensively review and discuss the putative associations between omega-3 fatty acids, gut dysbiosis, and the pathophysiology of T2DM and its related comorbidities. In addition, we contemplate the importance of gut microbiota in T2DM prevention and treatment and ponder the role of omega-3 fatty acids in T2DM by positively modulating gut microbiota, which may lead to discovery of novel targets and therapeutic strategies...

Satyam Law International , 2023

This has content, forward and preface of a book entitled " Akhand Bharat : an alternate history f... more This has content, forward and preface of a book entitled " Akhand Bharat : an alternate history from 3000 BCE to approxi. 500 BCE".

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in an information retrieval s... more All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in an information retrieval system or transcribed in any form or by any means-electronic, digital, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise-without the express written permission of the publisher and the holder of copyright. Although every care has been taken in publishing the book, the author, publisher and printer shall not be responsible for any loss or damage caused to any person on account of errors or omissions which might have crept in. The publisher shall be obliged if mistakes are brought to their notice for carrying out corrections in the next edition. Submit all inquiries and requests to the publisher: SATYAM LAW INTERNATIONAL,

International journal of probiotics & prebiotics, 2016

Various commensal enteric and pathogenic bacteria may be involved in the pathogenesis of inflamma... more Various commensal enteric and pathogenic bacteria may be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), a chronic condition with a pathogenic background that involves both immunogenetic and environmental factors. IBDs comprising of Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis, and pauchitis are chronic inflammatory conditions, and known for causing disturbed homeostatic balance among the intestinal immune compartment, gut epithelium and microbiome. An increasing trend of IBDs in incidence, prevalence, and severity has been reported during recent years. Probiotic strains have been reported to manage the IBDs and related pathologies, and hence are current hot topics of research for their potential to manage metabolic diseases as well as various immunopathologies. However, the probiotics industry will need to undergo a transformation, with increased focus on stringent manufacturing guidelines and high-quality clinical trials. This article reviews the present state o...

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in an information retrieval s... more All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in an information retrieval system or transcribed in any form or by any means-electronic, digital, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise-without the express written permission of the publisher and the holder of copyright. Although every care has been taken in publishing the book, the author, publisher and printer shall not be responsible for any loss or damage caused to any person on account of errors or omissions which might have crept in. The publisher shall be obliged if mistakes are brought to their notice for carrying out corrections in the next edition. Submit all inquiries and requests to the publisher: SATYAM LAW INTERNATIONAL,

Spent Nuclear Fuel and Accelerator-Driven Subcritical Systems, 2018

Complete utilization of heat and escape out neutron flux generated new concept of hybridization o... more Complete utilization of heat and escape out neutron flux generated new concept of hybridization of two or more nuclear energy systems which is highly perspective in case of gen. IV reactors. It has high utility in fusion reactors where stopping of high-energy neutrons is almost impossible.

Spent Nuclear Fuel and Accelerator-Driven Subcritical Systems, 2018

In this chapter, we discuss requirement of nuclear data from the point of accuracy and sectorial ... more In this chapter, we discuss requirement of nuclear data from the point of accuracy and sectorial demand of different kinds of data for the development of the ADSS technology.

Spent Nuclear Fuel and Accelerator-Driven Subcritical Systems, 2018

To get rid of the danger of radio-toxicity of the radioactive nuclear waste, there can be several... more To get rid of the danger of radio-toxicity of the radioactive nuclear waste, there can be several methods including reposition underground or in the space. For sending to the space, even the concept of Lagrangian points is under serious consideration. But all such reposition possibilities are not energy effective solutions because the waste contains a big amount of fissionable material also along with the fertile material that can be used for energy production. As a solution and from the point of reutilization of a bigger part of the unspent nuclear fuel (UNF), its reprocessing and transmutation are the most attractive solutions. However, there will always be a requirement of a solution where reprocessing is not necessary.

Spent Nuclear Fuel and Accelerator-Driven Subcritical Systems, 2018

Although the nuclear waste available in USA is in comparable amount that in Europe, yet, the EURO... more Although the nuclear waste available in USA is in comparable amount that in Europe, yet, the EUROpean research program for the TRANSmutation of high-level nuclear waste in accelerator-driven systems (EUROTRANS) is initiated and funded heavily by the European Commission within its 6th Framework Program and it involves more than 40 partners which include research agencies, universities and nuclear industries. Initially, the program was planned for (i) advance design of a transmuter including its components including conceptual industrial design (ii) developing coupling of accelerator with the reactor (iii) studies related to advance fuels for transmuters (iv) studies and investigation of structure materials and heavy liquid metal technology and (v) collection of nuclear data with required precision.

Abstract Aims& Objective: To assess the relative efficiency of budesonide administered from d... more Abstract Aims& Objective: To assess the relative efficiency of budesonide administered from different delivery devices to adult patients of chronic stable bronchial asthma as measured by pulmonary function test parameters. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was undertaken to assess the relative efficiency of budesonide administered from different delivery devices to adult patients of chronic stable bronchial asthma as measured by pulmonary function test parameters. Fifty subjects where administered budesonide (1 mg) ...

The parameters S and W corresponding to the positron Doppler broadening technique have been used ... more The parameters S and W corresponding to the positron Doppler broadening technique have been used to study displacement type defects produced in iron samples irradiated by various imparted doses of gamma ranging from 20 Gy to 2kGy. For the logistic support of the experimental observations, Monte Carlo simulation of displacements has also been performed. Of the increase of S parameter with dose up to a limit, it is revealed that vacancy type defects dominate. From both the experimental observations and the Monte Carlo study, it is inferred that on irradiation monovacancies are produced and under the given irradiation conditions there is negligible chance of the atom+atom collision cascade which may give rise to multiple type vacancies.

Spent Nuclear Fuel and Accelerator-Driven Subcritical Systems

The chapter deals with the status of the spent nuclear fuel and accumulation of unspent nuclear f... more The chapter deals with the status of the spent nuclear fuel and accumulation of unspent nuclear fuel world over. Its fertile, fissile and fission product components are also discussed along with their applications and various methods of reprocessing the SNF. International situation related to reprocessing, security aspects arising from the SNF, and the fissile components along with its handling at individual national level are also summarized. 1.1 Spent and Unspent Nuclear Fuel and the Nuclear Waste Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is the nuclear fuel that is irradiated in a power reactor. A few percent of this is utilized in power generation, and a very large part is left behind as a radiotoxic material at the time of discharge of a reactor. In the SNF major actinides, U and Pu are 95-96 and 1%, respectively. Minor actinides (Np, Am, and Cm) are 0.1%, short-lived fission products (FP) are 3-4%, and long-lived FPs are 0.1%. Different composition elements pose different challenges for disposition of SNF. In fact, unspent nuclear fuel (UNF) is of high concern because its components can be utilized for nuclear energy or other atomic devices with least efforts.

This paper presents one such effort to explore the potential of convex lens to be used for water ... more This paper presents one such effort to explore the potential of convex lens to be used for water heating application. In this work, manufactured using six convex lenses and copper receiver tube, for the better performance one side of copper receiver tube converted in to circular to flat The two axis manual tracking system is used to continuous track the sun. Testing was performed on 24nd April, 2014 in solar energy lab SHIATS Allahabad with different mass flow rates. The conversion of solar energy from sun into the useful form is done by the CSP collectors. CSP system is found suitable for its application for the hot water for domestic and the industrial applications and emerges as a best candidate to replace the conventional fossil fuels based systems in eco-friendly manner. The various system designs are developed and commercialized till date viz. parabolic trough collector, Fresnel trough collector etc. but still there is a scope for the system having low thermal losses and high efficiency. The CSP is designed with the six convex lenses (10cm. each dia.) and double copper receiver of size 8mm I.D. and 9 mm O.D. The system is tested during the month of April 2014, when the solar intensity measured was, from 981 W/m2 to 1008 W/m2.

Abstract: Ozone layer repair over the south pole of earth is discussed looking at the data of tem... more Abstract: Ozone layer repair over the south pole of earth is discussed looking at the data of temperature difference between the equator and the south pole. Despite of high temperature difference in between March 2020 to October 2020 layer repair is observed in December end 2020. It is better closes in early January 2021. In case of several failures in said 6 months or more there is a possibility that Ozone remained close to the earth surface and produced health hazards.

Springer Nature, 2020

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is irradiated to moderate gamma doses 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kGy ... more High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is irradiated to moderate gamma doses 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kGy to carry out the study of change in its states. It is conducted by measuring resistivity and capacitance due to scissoring of chains; hence, immergence of various functional groups in the bulk of samples is irradiated to three doses 10, 30 and 40 kGy. Enhanced resistivity is found to follow sequential change as q 10kGy [ q 30kGy [ q 40kGy [ q pris. Fractional change of resistivity, (q-q 0)/q 0 , at small frequencies is correlated with fractional change of volume which is measured using the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy to estimate index of disorder, X. Disorder index, X, is the highest in the case of sample irradiated to 10 kGy gamma dose. Electrical capacitance, C, measured across the bulk of HDPE is found maximum in the case of 10 kGy dose, while samples irradiated to 30 and 40 kGy show capacitance smaller than the pristine HDPE indicating different dielectric behavior. Similarly, dissipation factor is found to be the smallest in the case of 10 kGy than 30 and 40 kGy doses up to several thousands of frequency in Hz. In all cases, electrical capacitance is found to be sustainable at high frequencies in the pristine as well as samples irradiated to the 10, 30 and 40 kGy doses.

The letter to editor interprets about the position of Jupiter planet affecting the Earth in the t... more The letter to editor interprets about the position of Jupiter planet affecting the Earth in the typical situation of COVID 19 pandemic. This is one alternative explanation subject to validation in near future.

Climate change, environmental impact and the limited natural resources urge scientific research a... more Climate change, environmental impact and the limited natural resources urge scientific research and novel technical solutions. The monograph series Green Energy and Technology serves as a publishing platform for scientific and technological approaches to "green"-i.e. environmentally friendly and sustainable-technologies. While a focus lies on energy and power supply, it also covers "green" solutions in industrial engineering and engineering design. Green Energy and Technology addresses researchers, advanced students, technical consultants as well as decision makers in industries and politics. Hence, the level of presentation spans from instructional to highly technical.

Kerntechnik, 2015

Abstract Radiation damage of Iron by a gamma spectrum of a high flux isotope reactor is estimated... more Abstract Radiation damage of Iron by a gamma spectrum of a high flux isotope reactor is estimated using our JAIPU Monte Carlo code developed for the estimation of radiation damage by neutron and gamma radiation up to 10 MeV energy. The rate of displacement per atom is estimated to be ∼1.389E-10/sec at 30 cm radial distance in the HB-2 tube of the reactor. Production of displaced atoms is found to be an order of magnitude higher than the number of defects. Ratio of the rates of displacement per atoms by gammas to neutrons of the reactor deduced from calculations is found to be consistent with the earlier reported result.

Indian Journal of Physics, 2016

Monte Carlo Code JA-IPU is used for estimation of Frenkel pairs and their effect on change of res... more Monte Carlo Code JA-IPU is used for estimation of Frenkel pairs and their effect on change of resistivity of Iron on irradiation by gamma spectrum of Co 60. The Code includes three cascade processes of incident gamma, produced electrons and recoiled atoms and simulation of the lattice structure of the target material. Change in experimentally measured resistivity of Iron is found to vary with number of Frenkel pairs as *(x-1) ln N d .

Nutrients

Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often linked with hyperglycemia, disturbed lipid profiles, inf... more Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often linked with hyperglycemia, disturbed lipid profiles, inflammation, and gut dysbiosis. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation has a vital role in the management of T2DM. As a result, a better understanding of the potential role of omega-3 fatty acids in the development and progression of T2DM by influencing the intestinal microflora will help to improve the therapeutic intervention for T2DM and related complications. Focusing on the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways induced by omega-3 fatty acids, this paper attempts to comprehensively review and discuss the putative associations between omega-3 fatty acids, gut dysbiosis, and the pathophysiology of T2DM and its related comorbidities. In addition, we contemplate the importance of gut microbiota in T2DM prevention and treatment and ponder the role of omega-3 fatty acids in T2DM by positively modulating gut microbiota, which may lead to discovery of novel targets and therapeutic strategies...

Satyam Law International , 2023

This has content, forward and preface of a book entitled " Akhand Bharat : an alternate history f... more This has content, forward and preface of a book entitled " Akhand Bharat : an alternate history from 3000 BCE to approxi. 500 BCE".

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in an information retrieval s... more All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in an information retrieval system or transcribed in any form or by any means-electronic, digital, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise-without the express written permission of the publisher and the holder of copyright. Although every care has been taken in publishing the book, the author, publisher and printer shall not be responsible for any loss or damage caused to any person on account of errors or omissions which might have crept in. The publisher shall be obliged if mistakes are brought to their notice for carrying out corrections in the next edition. Submit all inquiries and requests to the publisher: SATYAM LAW INTERNATIONAL,

International journal of probiotics & prebiotics, 2016

Various commensal enteric and pathogenic bacteria may be involved in the pathogenesis of inflamma... more Various commensal enteric and pathogenic bacteria may be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), a chronic condition with a pathogenic background that involves both immunogenetic and environmental factors. IBDs comprising of Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis, and pauchitis are chronic inflammatory conditions, and known for causing disturbed homeostatic balance among the intestinal immune compartment, gut epithelium and microbiome. An increasing trend of IBDs in incidence, prevalence, and severity has been reported during recent years. Probiotic strains have been reported to manage the IBDs and related pathologies, and hence are current hot topics of research for their potential to manage metabolic diseases as well as various immunopathologies. However, the probiotics industry will need to undergo a transformation, with increased focus on stringent manufacturing guidelines and high-quality clinical trials. This article reviews the present state o...

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in an information retrieval s... more All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in an information retrieval system or transcribed in any form or by any means-electronic, digital, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise-without the express written permission of the publisher and the holder of copyright. Although every care has been taken in publishing the book, the author, publisher and printer shall not be responsible for any loss or damage caused to any person on account of errors or omissions which might have crept in. The publisher shall be obliged if mistakes are brought to their notice for carrying out corrections in the next edition. Submit all inquiries and requests to the publisher: SATYAM LAW INTERNATIONAL,

Spent Nuclear Fuel and Accelerator-Driven Subcritical Systems, 2018

Complete utilization of heat and escape out neutron flux generated new concept of hybridization o... more Complete utilization of heat and escape out neutron flux generated new concept of hybridization of two or more nuclear energy systems which is highly perspective in case of gen. IV reactors. It has high utility in fusion reactors where stopping of high-energy neutrons is almost impossible.

Spent Nuclear Fuel and Accelerator-Driven Subcritical Systems, 2018

In this chapter, we discuss requirement of nuclear data from the point of accuracy and sectorial ... more In this chapter, we discuss requirement of nuclear data from the point of accuracy and sectorial demand of different kinds of data for the development of the ADSS technology.

Spent Nuclear Fuel and Accelerator-Driven Subcritical Systems, 2018

To get rid of the danger of radio-toxicity of the radioactive nuclear waste, there can be several... more To get rid of the danger of radio-toxicity of the radioactive nuclear waste, there can be several methods including reposition underground or in the space. For sending to the space, even the concept of Lagrangian points is under serious consideration. But all such reposition possibilities are not energy effective solutions because the waste contains a big amount of fissionable material also along with the fertile material that can be used for energy production. As a solution and from the point of reutilization of a bigger part of the unspent nuclear fuel (UNF), its reprocessing and transmutation are the most attractive solutions. However, there will always be a requirement of a solution where reprocessing is not necessary.

Spent Nuclear Fuel and Accelerator-Driven Subcritical Systems, 2018

Although the nuclear waste available in USA is in comparable amount that in Europe, yet, the EURO... more Although the nuclear waste available in USA is in comparable amount that in Europe, yet, the EUROpean research program for the TRANSmutation of high-level nuclear waste in accelerator-driven systems (EUROTRANS) is initiated and funded heavily by the European Commission within its 6th Framework Program and it involves more than 40 partners which include research agencies, universities and nuclear industries. Initially, the program was planned for (i) advance design of a transmuter including its components including conceptual industrial design (ii) developing coupling of accelerator with the reactor (iii) studies related to advance fuels for transmuters (iv) studies and investigation of structure materials and heavy liquid metal technology and (v) collection of nuclear data with required precision.

Abstract Aims& Objective: To assess the relative efficiency of budesonide administered from d... more Abstract Aims& Objective: To assess the relative efficiency of budesonide administered from different delivery devices to adult patients of chronic stable bronchial asthma as measured by pulmonary function test parameters. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was undertaken to assess the relative efficiency of budesonide administered from different delivery devices to adult patients of chronic stable bronchial asthma as measured by pulmonary function test parameters. Fifty subjects where administered budesonide (1 mg) ...

The parameters S and W corresponding to the positron Doppler broadening technique have been used ... more The parameters S and W corresponding to the positron Doppler broadening technique have been used to study displacement type defects produced in iron samples irradiated by various imparted doses of gamma ranging from 20 Gy to 2kGy. For the logistic support of the experimental observations, Monte Carlo simulation of displacements has also been performed. Of the increase of S parameter with dose up to a limit, it is revealed that vacancy type defects dominate. From both the experimental observations and the Monte Carlo study, it is inferred that on irradiation monovacancies are produced and under the given irradiation conditions there is negligible chance of the atom+atom collision cascade which may give rise to multiple type vacancies.

Spent Nuclear Fuel and Accelerator-Driven Subcritical Systems

The chapter deals with the status of the spent nuclear fuel and accumulation of unspent nuclear f... more The chapter deals with the status of the spent nuclear fuel and accumulation of unspent nuclear fuel world over. Its fertile, fissile and fission product components are also discussed along with their applications and various methods of reprocessing the SNF. International situation related to reprocessing, security aspects arising from the SNF, and the fissile components along with its handling at individual national level are also summarized. 1.1 Spent and Unspent Nuclear Fuel and the Nuclear Waste Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is the nuclear fuel that is irradiated in a power reactor. A few percent of this is utilized in power generation, and a very large part is left behind as a radiotoxic material at the time of discharge of a reactor. In the SNF major actinides, U and Pu are 95-96 and 1%, respectively. Minor actinides (Np, Am, and Cm) are 0.1%, short-lived fission products (FP) are 3-4%, and long-lived FPs are 0.1%. Different composition elements pose different challenges for disposition of SNF. In fact, unspent nuclear fuel (UNF) is of high concern because its components can be utilized for nuclear energy or other atomic devices with least efforts.

This paper presents one such effort to explore the potential of convex lens to be used for water ... more This paper presents one such effort to explore the potential of convex lens to be used for water heating application. In this work, manufactured using six convex lenses and copper receiver tube, for the better performance one side of copper receiver tube converted in to circular to flat The two axis manual tracking system is used to continuous track the sun. Testing was performed on 24nd April, 2014 in solar energy lab SHIATS Allahabad with different mass flow rates. The conversion of solar energy from sun into the useful form is done by the CSP collectors. CSP system is found suitable for its application for the hot water for domestic and the industrial applications and emerges as a best candidate to replace the conventional fossil fuels based systems in eco-friendly manner. The various system designs are developed and commercialized till date viz. parabolic trough collector, Fresnel trough collector etc. but still there is a scope for the system having low thermal losses and high efficiency. The CSP is designed with the six convex lenses (10cm. each dia.) and double copper receiver of size 8mm I.D. and 9 mm O.D. The system is tested during the month of April 2014, when the solar intensity measured was, from 981 W/m2 to 1008 W/m2.

Abstract: Ozone layer repair over the south pole of earth is discussed looking at the data of tem... more Abstract: Ozone layer repair over the south pole of earth is discussed looking at the data of temperature difference between the equator and the south pole. Despite of high temperature difference in between March 2020 to October 2020 layer repair is observed in December end 2020. It is better closes in early January 2021. In case of several failures in said 6 months or more there is a possibility that Ozone remained close to the earth surface and produced health hazards.

Springer Nature, 2020

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is irradiated to moderate gamma doses 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kGy ... more High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is irradiated to moderate gamma doses 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kGy to carry out the study of change in its states. It is conducted by measuring resistivity and capacitance due to scissoring of chains; hence, immergence of various functional groups in the bulk of samples is irradiated to three doses 10, 30 and 40 kGy. Enhanced resistivity is found to follow sequential change as q 10kGy [ q 30kGy [ q 40kGy [ q pris. Fractional change of resistivity, (q-q 0)/q 0 , at small frequencies is correlated with fractional change of volume which is measured using the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy to estimate index of disorder, X. Disorder index, X, is the highest in the case of sample irradiated to 10 kGy gamma dose. Electrical capacitance, C, measured across the bulk of HDPE is found maximum in the case of 10 kGy dose, while samples irradiated to 30 and 40 kGy show capacitance smaller than the pristine HDPE indicating different dielectric behavior. Similarly, dissipation factor is found to be the smallest in the case of 10 kGy than 30 and 40 kGy doses up to several thousands of frequency in Hz. In all cases, electrical capacitance is found to be sustainable at high frequencies in the pristine as well as samples irradiated to the 10, 30 and 40 kGy doses.

The letter to editor interprets about the position of Jupiter planet affecting the Earth in the t... more The letter to editor interprets about the position of Jupiter planet affecting the Earth in the typical situation of COVID 19 pandemic. This is one alternative explanation subject to validation in near future.

Climate change, environmental impact and the limited natural resources urge scientific research a... more Climate change, environmental impact and the limited natural resources urge scientific research and novel technical solutions. The monograph series Green Energy and Technology serves as a publishing platform for scientific and technological approaches to "green"-i.e. environmentally friendly and sustainable-technologies. While a focus lies on energy and power supply, it also covers "green" solutions in industrial engineering and engineering design. Green Energy and Technology addresses researchers, advanced students, technical consultants as well as decision makers in industries and politics. Hence, the level of presentation spans from instructional to highly technical.

Hamma's writing of the book 'The White and Aryan Civilizations' is to put facts about the pre-Ary... more Hamma's writing of the book 'The White and Aryan Civilizations' is to put facts about the pre-Aryan culture before the world of modern time. Literature available in India about Aryans and pre-Aryan cultures although very rich, but, written in local languages and inclined towards local religion hence lose the basic historic values on one hand and have hardly reached to the international readers. It reminds me that one such Indian scholar Acharya Chatursen Shastri had worked to keep the historic values intact and to project ancient cultures of the land spread up to the Middle East through his several books. The book is enlightening from the point of view how the cultures have changed to religions and what is the present status. The book has several historic discussions and events which have gone in dark but they can enlighten people.

Abstract: Ozone layer repair over the south pole of earth is discussed looking at the data of tem... more Abstract: Ozone layer repair over the south pole of earth is discussed looking at the data of temperature difference between the equator and the south pole. Despite of high temperature difference in between March 2020 to October 2020 layer repair is observed in December end 2020. It is better closes in early January 2021. In case of several failures in said 6 months or more there is a possibility that Ozone remained close to the earth surface and produced health hazards.

Abstract: Ozone layer repair over the south pole of earth is discussed looking at the data of tem... more Abstract: Ozone layer repair over the south pole of earth is discussed looking at the data of temperature difference between the equator and the south pole. Despite of high temperature difference in between March 2020 to October 2020 layer repair is observed in December end 2020. It is better closes in early January 2021. In case of several failures in said 6 months or more there is a possibility that Ozone remained close to the earth surface and produced health hazards.

South Pole Ozone repair , 2021

Ozone layer repair on south pole is discussed with respect to possibility of rise of Ozone vortex... more Ozone layer repair on south pole is discussed with respect to possibility of rise of Ozone vortex formed due to high temperature difference between temperature on equator and the south pole.
A long period is taken in layer filling probably due to complex situation of environment despite of high temperature difference.
Such natural failures of repair attempt may cause Ozone to remain close to the earth surface and cause several health hazards.

Abstract: To consider temperature conditions on Earth, repair of ozone layer on north pole and oc... more Abstract: To consider temperature conditions on Earth, repair of ozone layer on north pole and occurrence of spread of Corona virus in the same period may be correlated. It is a highly involved subject unlike any other subject in pure sciences. It may not be perfectly understood so far due to lack of support from established sciences but it needs attention of intellectual class to do an exercise to understand it as an interdisciplinary subject. This will definitely suggest several innovations and gives direction of conducting several new empirical studies. Repair of Ozone layer on arctic will reduce Oxygen level on surface of Earth and long cold spell on Earth will affect life of small high flying objects like bats. Their long hibernation and killing in large number may hint at a faster spread of Corona (Covid 19) if spill out is established in such acute state of atmosphere .