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Papers by Vishwanath Patil
Acta horticulturae
Autotrophic microalgal cultures are grown in bioreactors for biomass. Microalgae have wide range ... more Autotrophic microalgal cultures are grown in bioreactors for biomass. Microalgae have wide range of applications from food and feed to valuable products for ecological applications. Many factors influence the growth of cell cultures such as light, carbon dioxide and nutrients. In the present study a lighting system for the bioreactors was designed, and tested the effect of Lumilux lamps with three different colors and their combination on the growth of a marine alga (Nannochlropsis oceancia) and a fresh water alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata). The combination of “Cool white” and “Interna” lights gave the maximum growth in both the algae tested.
Acta horticulturae
Autotrophic microalgal cultures are grown in bioreactors for biomass. Microalgae have wide range ... more Autotrophic microalgal cultures are grown in bioreactors for biomass. Microalgae have wide range of applications from food and feed to valuable products for ecological applications. Many factors influence the growth of cell cultures such as light, carbon dioxide and nutrients. In the present study a lighting system for the bioreactors was designed, and tested the effect of Lumilux lamps with three different colors and their combination on the growth of a marine alga (Nannochlropsis oceancia) and a fresh water alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata). The combination of “Cool white” and “Interna” lights gave the maximum growth in both the algae tested.
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2010
Batch experiments were performed to study metal sorption by pine bark and algae-treated bark. The... more Batch experiments were performed to study metal sorption by pine bark and algae-treated bark. The biosorption of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), and nickel (Ni) in synthetic multimetal aqueous solutions was studied as a function of metal content in solution, and amount and size of bark particles used for sorption. Influence of water hardness (Ca 2+ only was tested) on the metal sorption process was also evaluated. Metal uptake from solutions with high heavy metal content (i.e. 10× the limit for leachate from landfills) was found to be independent of Ca 2+ concentration. At low metal content in solution (i.e. 1× the limit for leachate from landfills), uptake of Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cd decreased with increasing Ca 2+ content in water. Microalgaetreated bark was found to increase the metal sorption efficiency. Air-drying of bark-entrapped algae was shown to be the best method for sorbent drying. In general, the green algae, Chlorella sp. and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata showed the best results in metal uptake. Sorption of Co, Zn, Ni, and Cd from solution with high levels of both heavy metals and calcium increased by almost 50% with algae treatment of bark was applied. At low levels of metals and calcium content, 100% uptake of Cu and Pb in water was observed. Uptake of other metals from solution with low metal and Ca content was relatively high (50-60%). Low pH (pH 3.0) had no influence on metal sorption from solutions with high metal content. For solutions with low metal content a decrease of metal uptake by 10-15% was observed for all the metals but Pb. Thus, the treatment of bark with microalgae was successful and influenced positively the uptake capacity of the bark.
Phytopathology, 2002
ABSTRACT Near-isogenic lines (NILs) with resistance for scald in seventh generation backcross wit... more ABSTRACT Near-isogenic lines (NILs) with resistance for scald in seventh generation backcross with 'Ingrid' as recurrent parent (RP) were tested with seven differential isolates of Rhynchosporium secalis in Norway and Canada. NILs of 'Turk', 'Brier', 'CI 8162', 'La Mesita', 'Hispont', 'Atlas 46', 'Modoc', 'Hudson', 'Abyssinian', 'Steudelli', and 'CI 2222' also were evaluated for field reactions. The genetic characterization of the NILs (degree of isogeneity with Ingrid) and with each other was carried out. The molecular marker pattern shows that the backcrossing program has resulted in from 86.3 to 100% RP genome in the NILs, depending on the marker system. On an average, 96% RP genome was found in the NILs. There were certain consistent (pairwise) differences between the NILs and RP on chromosomes 3H and 7H. Both chromosomes are known to contain loci conferring resistance to R. secalis, indicating successful introgression from the donors into the NILs. Approximately two-thirds of the observed RP-NIL polymorphisms were linked to the assumed resistance in the NIL. Based on the marker and phenotypic analyses of the NILs, suggestions for a more appropriate and updated terminology of genes for resistance to R. secalis in barley are made. The proposed changes in nomenclature also indicate the differentials that are available as NILs and those lacking.
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 1998
Hereditas, 2002
Patil, V., Bjørnstad, A , ., Magnus, H. and Mac Key, J. 2002. Resistance to scald (Rhynchosporium... more Patil, V., Bjørnstad, A , ., Magnus, H. and Mac Key, J. 2002. Resistance to scald (Rhynchosporium secalis) in barley (Hordeum 6ulgare L.). II. Diallel analysis of near-isogenic lines.-Hereditas 137: 186-197. Lund, Sweden. ISSN 0018-0661.
Aquaculture International, 2007
The therapeutic significance of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) especially docosahexaenic acid ... more The therapeutic significance of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) especially docosahexaenic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (AA) has been demonstrated by recent clinical and epidemiological studies. Fish oils are the major commercial source of long chained ω3 PUFA. Global production of farmed fish and shell fish has more than doubled in the past two decades, trends toward intensification and greater control over nutritional input resulting in increased demand for wild fish for feed. Feed is the largest production cost for commercial aquaculture (e.g. most farming of salmon, other marine finfish, and shrimp), and thus improving feed efficiency in industrial systems is already a priority. Moreover, fishmeal prices have risen in real terms in the past three decades and are likely to increase further with continued growth in demand. The possible decline of commercial fish stocks calls for research in alternative sources of PUFA. Considerable evidence has indicated that ω3 fatty acids in fish oils actually derive from zooplankton that consumes algae. Further the microalgae may have superior lipid stability compared to traditional PUFA because they are naturally rich in antioxidant carotenoids and vitamins and because lipids are microencapsulated by the algae cell wall.
Protist, 2009
Nucleotide ssu and lsu rDNA sequences of all major lineages of autotrophic (Ochrophyta) and heter... more Nucleotide ssu and lsu rDNA sequences of all major lineages of autotrophic (Ochrophyta) and heterotrophic (Bigyra and Pseudofungi) heterokonts were combined with amino acid sequences from four protein-coding genes (actin, b-tubulin, cox1 and hsp90) in a multigene approach for resolving the relationship between heterokont lineages. Applying these multigene data in Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses improved the heterokont tree compared to previous rDNA analyses by placing all plastid-lacking heterotrophic heterokonts sister to Ochrophyta with robust support, and divided the heterotrophic heterokonts into the previously recognized phyla, Bigyra and Pseudofungi. Our trees identified the heterotrophic heterokonts Bicosoecida, Blastocystis and Labyrinthulida (Bigyra) as the earliest diverging lineages. A separate analysis of the phototrophic lineages, by adding the rbcL gene, further resolved the Ochrophyta lineages by increased support for several important nodes. Except for the positioning of Chrysophyceae, Eustigmatophyceae, Raphidophyceae and Pinguiophyceae, all main branches of Ochrophyta were resolved. Our results support the transfer of classes Dictyochophyceae and Pelagophyceae from subphylum Phaeista to Khakista. Based on all our trees, in combination with current knowledge about ultrastructure of heterokonts we suggest that a more advanced flagellar apparatus originated at one occasion in the ancestor of Phaeista whereas, Khakista independently reduced their flagellar apparatus and gained chlorophyll c 3 .
Vaccine, 2011
Immunogenicity and tolerability of two liquid pentavalent vaccines, Pentavac ® (new vaccine), and... more Immunogenicity and tolerability of two liquid pentavalent vaccines, Pentavac ® (new vaccine), and Easyfive ® (available in the market) was assessed in a multicentre study in India. In all, 484 infants aged 6-8 weeks were enrolled, and their blood samples were assessed prior to the first dose and one month after the third dose. A 100% seroprotection rate was achieved with both vaccines' antigens, except pertussis for which the response was 95% and 96%, respectively, for the two vaccines. A diary-based recording of adverse events showed that the two most common events were pain at the injection site and restricted limb movements and were less frequent (p < 0.001) among the recipients of the new vaccine. The new vaccine meets all criteria of childhood vaccination. Its low reactogenicity and low cost are valid reasons to recommend this vaccine for general use.
Acta horticulturae
Autotrophic microalgal cultures are grown in bioreactors for biomass. Microalgae have wide range ... more Autotrophic microalgal cultures are grown in bioreactors for biomass. Microalgae have wide range of applications from food and feed to valuable products for ecological applications. Many factors influence the growth of cell cultures such as light, carbon dioxide and nutrients. In the present study a lighting system for the bioreactors was designed, and tested the effect of Lumilux lamps with three different colors and their combination on the growth of a marine alga (Nannochlropsis oceancia) and a fresh water alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata). The combination of “Cool white” and “Interna” lights gave the maximum growth in both the algae tested.
Acta horticulturae
Autotrophic microalgal cultures are grown in bioreactors for biomass. Microalgae have wide range ... more Autotrophic microalgal cultures are grown in bioreactors for biomass. Microalgae have wide range of applications from food and feed to valuable products for ecological applications. Many factors influence the growth of cell cultures such as light, carbon dioxide and nutrients. In the present study a lighting system for the bioreactors was designed, and tested the effect of Lumilux lamps with three different colors and their combination on the growth of a marine alga (Nannochlropsis oceancia) and a fresh water alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata). The combination of “Cool white” and “Interna” lights gave the maximum growth in both the algae tested.
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2010
Batch experiments were performed to study metal sorption by pine bark and algae-treated bark. The... more Batch experiments were performed to study metal sorption by pine bark and algae-treated bark. The biosorption of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), and nickel (Ni) in synthetic multimetal aqueous solutions was studied as a function of metal content in solution, and amount and size of bark particles used for sorption. Influence of water hardness (Ca 2+ only was tested) on the metal sorption process was also evaluated. Metal uptake from solutions with high heavy metal content (i.e. 10× the limit for leachate from landfills) was found to be independent of Ca 2+ concentration. At low metal content in solution (i.e. 1× the limit for leachate from landfills), uptake of Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cd decreased with increasing Ca 2+ content in water. Microalgaetreated bark was found to increase the metal sorption efficiency. Air-drying of bark-entrapped algae was shown to be the best method for sorbent drying. In general, the green algae, Chlorella sp. and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata showed the best results in metal uptake. Sorption of Co, Zn, Ni, and Cd from solution with high levels of both heavy metals and calcium increased by almost 50% with algae treatment of bark was applied. At low levels of metals and calcium content, 100% uptake of Cu and Pb in water was observed. Uptake of other metals from solution with low metal and Ca content was relatively high (50-60%). Low pH (pH 3.0) had no influence on metal sorption from solutions with high metal content. For solutions with low metal content a decrease of metal uptake by 10-15% was observed for all the metals but Pb. Thus, the treatment of bark with microalgae was successful and influenced positively the uptake capacity of the bark.
Phytopathology, 2002
ABSTRACT Near-isogenic lines (NILs) with resistance for scald in seventh generation backcross wit... more ABSTRACT Near-isogenic lines (NILs) with resistance for scald in seventh generation backcross with 'Ingrid' as recurrent parent (RP) were tested with seven differential isolates of Rhynchosporium secalis in Norway and Canada. NILs of 'Turk', 'Brier', 'CI 8162', 'La Mesita', 'Hispont', 'Atlas 46', 'Modoc', 'Hudson', 'Abyssinian', 'Steudelli', and 'CI 2222' also were evaluated for field reactions. The genetic characterization of the NILs (degree of isogeneity with Ingrid) and with each other was carried out. The molecular marker pattern shows that the backcrossing program has resulted in from 86.3 to 100% RP genome in the NILs, depending on the marker system. On an average, 96% RP genome was found in the NILs. There were certain consistent (pairwise) differences between the NILs and RP on chromosomes 3H and 7H. Both chromosomes are known to contain loci conferring resistance to R. secalis, indicating successful introgression from the donors into the NILs. Approximately two-thirds of the observed RP-NIL polymorphisms were linked to the assumed resistance in the NIL. Based on the marker and phenotypic analyses of the NILs, suggestions for a more appropriate and updated terminology of genes for resistance to R. secalis in barley are made. The proposed changes in nomenclature also indicate the differentials that are available as NILs and those lacking.
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 1998
Hereditas, 2002
Patil, V., Bjørnstad, A , ., Magnus, H. and Mac Key, J. 2002. Resistance to scald (Rhynchosporium... more Patil, V., Bjørnstad, A , ., Magnus, H. and Mac Key, J. 2002. Resistance to scald (Rhynchosporium secalis) in barley (Hordeum 6ulgare L.). II. Diallel analysis of near-isogenic lines.-Hereditas 137: 186-197. Lund, Sweden. ISSN 0018-0661.
Aquaculture International, 2007
The therapeutic significance of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) especially docosahexaenic acid ... more The therapeutic significance of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) especially docosahexaenic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (AA) has been demonstrated by recent clinical and epidemiological studies. Fish oils are the major commercial source of long chained ω3 PUFA. Global production of farmed fish and shell fish has more than doubled in the past two decades, trends toward intensification and greater control over nutritional input resulting in increased demand for wild fish for feed. Feed is the largest production cost for commercial aquaculture (e.g. most farming of salmon, other marine finfish, and shrimp), and thus improving feed efficiency in industrial systems is already a priority. Moreover, fishmeal prices have risen in real terms in the past three decades and are likely to increase further with continued growth in demand. The possible decline of commercial fish stocks calls for research in alternative sources of PUFA. Considerable evidence has indicated that ω3 fatty acids in fish oils actually derive from zooplankton that consumes algae. Further the microalgae may have superior lipid stability compared to traditional PUFA because they are naturally rich in antioxidant carotenoids and vitamins and because lipids are microencapsulated by the algae cell wall.
Protist, 2009
Nucleotide ssu and lsu rDNA sequences of all major lineages of autotrophic (Ochrophyta) and heter... more Nucleotide ssu and lsu rDNA sequences of all major lineages of autotrophic (Ochrophyta) and heterotrophic (Bigyra and Pseudofungi) heterokonts were combined with amino acid sequences from four protein-coding genes (actin, b-tubulin, cox1 and hsp90) in a multigene approach for resolving the relationship between heterokont lineages. Applying these multigene data in Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses improved the heterokont tree compared to previous rDNA analyses by placing all plastid-lacking heterotrophic heterokonts sister to Ochrophyta with robust support, and divided the heterotrophic heterokonts into the previously recognized phyla, Bigyra and Pseudofungi. Our trees identified the heterotrophic heterokonts Bicosoecida, Blastocystis and Labyrinthulida (Bigyra) as the earliest diverging lineages. A separate analysis of the phototrophic lineages, by adding the rbcL gene, further resolved the Ochrophyta lineages by increased support for several important nodes. Except for the positioning of Chrysophyceae, Eustigmatophyceae, Raphidophyceae and Pinguiophyceae, all main branches of Ochrophyta were resolved. Our results support the transfer of classes Dictyochophyceae and Pelagophyceae from subphylum Phaeista to Khakista. Based on all our trees, in combination with current knowledge about ultrastructure of heterokonts we suggest that a more advanced flagellar apparatus originated at one occasion in the ancestor of Phaeista whereas, Khakista independently reduced their flagellar apparatus and gained chlorophyll c 3 .
Vaccine, 2011
Immunogenicity and tolerability of two liquid pentavalent vaccines, Pentavac ® (new vaccine), and... more Immunogenicity and tolerability of two liquid pentavalent vaccines, Pentavac ® (new vaccine), and Easyfive ® (available in the market) was assessed in a multicentre study in India. In all, 484 infants aged 6-8 weeks were enrolled, and their blood samples were assessed prior to the first dose and one month after the third dose. A 100% seroprotection rate was achieved with both vaccines' antigens, except pertussis for which the response was 95% and 96%, respectively, for the two vaccines. A diary-based recording of adverse events showed that the two most common events were pain at the injection site and restricted limb movements and were less frequent (p < 0.001) among the recipients of the new vaccine. The new vaccine meets all criteria of childhood vaccination. Its low reactogenicity and low cost are valid reasons to recommend this vaccine for general use.