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Papers by Leontine Visser
Sahu-Indonesian-English Dictionary, 1987
A number of temperate grasses and legumes, important for animal feeding, have their centre of div... more A number of temperate grasses and legumes, important for animal feeding, have their centre of diversity in the NorthWest European region, including perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.; Engels raaigras), white clover (Trifolium repens L.; witte klaver) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.; veldbeemdgras). These species traditionally occur in Dutch grasslands where they can be considered as typical. Undisturbed grasslands that are still in agricultural use have severely become reduced in number in the Netherlands. To investigate the need for conservation policies for such grasslands, diversity was assessed in perennial ryegrass, white clover and Kentucky bluegrass collected from traditional grasslands. This diversity was then compared with the diversity in commercial reference cultivars and in grasslands from nature reserves. Diversity estimation included morphological analyses and molecular characterization. The analyses indicated no substantial distinction between the gene pools of the three investigated groups for any of the three investigated species. In particular, comparison of traditional grasslands with grasslands from nature reserves indicated that basically these two groups covered the same range of genetic variation. It was therefore concluded that no specific in situ conservation measures are currently needed to maintain the genetic diversity of perennial ryegrass, white clover and Kentucky bluegrass occurring in traditional grasslands, considering that nature reserves are already under protective measures. Because perennial ryegrass, white clover and Kentucky bluegrass can be regarded key species of grasslands, the obtained results may be indicative of other species with similar life-history characteristics. Therefore, the need for specific conservation measures for traditional grasslands cannot be warranted.
Overview of Dutch agricultural production systems State of diversity of major crops State of dive... more Overview of Dutch agricultural production systems State of diversity of major crops State of diversity of other crops Factors affecting the state of diversity Trends 2. The State of In situ Management Summary In situ management of cultivated diversity under conditions of modern agriculture Non-domesticated diversity Related research Trends 3. The State of Ex situ management Summary Introduction Policy developments Recent trends in ex situ collections Future trends in ex situ collections 4. The State of Use Summary Evaluation of germplasm Synthesis of individual datasets Changes in distribution of CGN germplasm Technological and societal developments Education and knowledge transfer Uncertainly in estimating final use of germplasm in new varieties Constraints in use Effects of policies Future needs and priorities 5.
The National Report is considered a strategic policy document. After a general introduction on Du... more The National Report is considered a strategic policy document. After a general introduction on Dutch agriculture, it describes the state of diversity in the production system and the crop and variety levels due to ongoing developments in agricultural production. Chapters 2 and 3 focus on the in situ Management and ex situ Management of Plant Genetic Resources respectively, explaining why the ex situ approach is relatively important for the country given the current status of its agriculture. Chapter 4 describes the changes in the State of Use over the last decade. Additional information is contained in the chapters on National Programmes, Training and Legislation; Regional and International Collaboration; Access to PGRFA, Benefit-Sharing and Farmers’ Rights, with a final chapter on the Contribution of PGRFA Management to Food Security and Sustainable Development. National stakeholder consultations have contributed to this report.
The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 2012
This report examines whether it is possible for the research and use of marine genetic resources ... more This report examines whether it is possible for the research and use of marine genetic resources in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) to follow an approach based on the system that is being used with plant genetic resources in areas within national jurisdiction, as developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization. Part IV of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture contains the multilateral system of access and benefit-sharing. In addition, the report considers the implications of relevant provisions as contained in the Law of the Sea Convention, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Antarctic Treaty System, as well as instruments on intellectual property rights. The report concludes with an assessment of the options within existing legal frameworks for accommodating an access and benefit-sharing system for marine genetic resources originating from ABNJ, and provides suggestions to move the international debate forward.
Anesthesia & Analgesia, 2002
After the introduction of solvent/detergent-treated plasma (ESDEP ®) in our hospital, an increase... more After the introduction of solvent/detergent-treated plasma (ESDEP ®) in our hospital, an increased incidence of hyperfibrinolysis was observed (75% vs 29%; P ϭ 0.005) compared with the use of fresh frozen plasma for liver transplantation. To clarify this increased incidence, intraoperative plasma samples of patients treated with fresh frozen plasma or ESDEP were analyzed in a retrospective observational study. During the anhepatic phase, plasma levels of d-dimer (6.58 vs 1.53 g/mL; P ϭ 0.02) and fibrinogen degradation products (60 vs 23 mg/L; P ϭ 0.018) were significantly higher in patients treated with ESDEP. After reperfusion, differences increased to 23.5 vs 4.7 g/mL (d-dimer, P ϭ 0.002) and 161 vs 57 mg/L (fibrinogen degradation products, P ϭ 0.001). The amount of plasma received per packed red blood cell concentrate, clotting tests, and levels of individual clotting factors did not show significant differences between the groups. ␣ 2-Antiplasmin levels, however, were significantly lower in patients receiving ESDEP during the anhepatic phase (0.37 vs 0.65 IU/mL; P Ͻ 0.001) and after reperfusion (0.27 vs 0.58 IU/mL; P ϭ 0.001). Analysis of ␣ 2antiplasmin levels in ESDEP alone showed a reduction to 0.28 IU/mL (normal Ͼ0.95 IU/mL) because of the solvent/detergent process. Therapeutic consequences for the use of ESDEP in orthotopic liver transplantation are discussed in view of an increased incidence of hyperfibrinolysis caused by reduced levels of ␣ 2antiplasmin in the solvent/detergent-treated plasma. (Anesth Analg 2002;94:1127-31) intraoperative plasma samples of patients treated with SD-treated plasma or fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) were analyzed to find an explanation for the increased incidence of hyperfibrinolysis observed with the use of SD-treated plasma (ESDEP ® ; CLB Amsterdam, The Netherlands) during OLT. Methods All the studies, including this study, running in the Rotterdam liver transplantation center are under the surveillance of the medical ethics committee of the Erasmus University Rotterdam. From June 1994 to March 1997, 67 patients underwent OLT for end-stage cirrhosis after written, informed consent was obtained. In 41 patients, complete coagulation follow-up during the procedure was present. From June 1994 to December 1995, clotting factors were substituted in 21 patients with FFP (300 mL; CLB Amsterdam). After January 1996, SD virusinactivated plasma (ESDEP, 200 mL) was used in 20 patients. The ESDEP was prepared from pooled plasma of 2000 voluntary Dutch blood donors, and virus inactivation was realized by treating the pooled plasma with
Acta Paediatrica, 1999
The epidemiology of rotavirus infection in Spain was investigated using information from existing... more The epidemiology of rotavirus infection in Spain was investigated using information from existing surveillance systems. Reports from laboratories and data on hospital admissions were used to estimate the number of hospital admissions due to rotavirus infection. Between January 1989 and December 1995 there were 8265 reports of rotavirus identification in the Sistema de Información Microbiológica, a voluntary national laboratory surveillance system. Where age was reported, 89.2% were in children under 5 y old. This represents 21.8% of all pathogens identified in faecal specimens in children of this age group. Between January and December 1994 there were 5639 admissions coded as "infectious intestinal disease" and 8225 as "non-infective gastroenteritis" in children under 5 y of age in the Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos, an obligatory hospital admissions surveillance system which covers 83% of public hospitals. Using regression analysis of admission data and laboratory reports it was estimated that rotavirus infection accounted for 3519 (25.3%) of the hospital admissions. We estimate that 4239 admissions attributable to rotavirus occurred in children under 5 y of age in Spain in 1994, a rate of 2.5/1000 population in this age group. These estimates are lower than those published for other countries, where the burden of disease is considered high enough to warrant a national vaccination programme. A cost-effectiveness study with Spanish information is essential before embarking on a national vaccination programme.
Seasonal floodplains under private and public ownership in the Indo-Ganges river basin provide fo... more Seasonal floodplains under private and public ownership in the Indo-Ganges river basin provide food and income for millions of people in Bangladesh. Floodplain ownership regimes are diverse, covering the whole spectrum from public to private ownership. The paper compares community-based fish culture projects in these floodplains and analyzes the institutional arrangements of three different Floodplain Management Committees (FMC). The paper aimed to understand the complex institutional relations that govern ownership, access, and control of the floodplains under community-based fish culture (CBFC) to increase fish production and the livelihoods of the poor. We followed the stakeholders representing the various institutions and organizations such as the Department of Fisheries (DoF), Department of Land (DoL), and FMC. Other important stakeholders were the lease-holders of public water bodies in the floodplains, private landowners, seasonal, and professional fishers. The analysis demon...
This article is the outcome of an empirical study of technical training of women and men through ... more This article is the outcome of an empirical study of technical training of women and men through Farmer Field Schools in rural Nepal during the last decade. When the Farmer Field Schools started in Nepal as part of the FAO Integrated Pest Management project in 1997, this was also the year that the Maoists declared the People’s Revolution. The article describes the increased participation of women in FFS and its positive effect on food security of their families. After initial failure of FFS to include gender in its policy and activities, the article discusses the gradual acceptance of gender issues in the training. Empowerment is seen as a developmental process rather than as a product somebody or a group can gain access to or own. Different forms and objectives of empowerment of both women and men are discussed, and the unintended outcomes of FFS intervention in the context of rapid social-economic and political change during the Maoist revolution in Nepal.
1 This paper had published in Indonesian Social & Anthropology Journal 2001, 25 (64): 56-67. Rese... more 1 This paper had published in Indonesian Social & Anthropology Journal 2001, 25 (64): 56-67. Research for this paper was conducted within the framework of a Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research Priority Programme ‘The Irian Jaya Studies: A Programme for Interdisciplinary Research’ (ISIR, 1993-1999), which was financed by the Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Tropical Research (WOTRO). The focus of this paper ‘The references in President Soeharto’s Budget Speech of January 1990 to the importance of developing the eastern region of the archipelago represented an important departure in post-Independence Indonesian thinking about the nature and composition of the state.’ (Chauvel 1996:61) Today, after 10 years of intensified state efforts to regional development, the response in the region again is not unlike after the Malino and Den Pasar Conferences, ‘where Van Mook anticipated that the principal danger to be confronted ... was “local patriotism” and the demand...
Food Security, 2016
This paper examines the impact of community based fish culture in seasonal floodplains on fish pr... more This paper examines the impact of community based fish culture in seasonal floodplains on fish production, consumption, income, and food security of the participating households in Bangladesh. An analysis was performed using a randomly selected 46 % of the households from the three project and control floodplains; data were collected using longitudinal surveys on a seasonally, quarterly and monthly basis for the years 2007, 2008 and 2009. Fish production, income and food security of the participating households was improved due to the adoption of an equitable and inclusive multi-stakeholder approach introduced by the project. Average fish production increased from 124 kg/ha/yr. to 464 kg/ha/yr. The introduced community-based fish culture approach generated 3.74 times more fish income for households in the project sites in comparison to the control sites. Per capita monthly fish consumption increased from 1.26 kg to 2.31 kg in the project sites, which was 32 % higher than the control sites. Project implementation reduced the vulnerability of local beneficiaries, particularly of the landless and poor fishermen, by creating additional fishing opportunity for up to 6 months of the year. Promotion of the community based fish culture in seasonal floodplains may thus be useful in bringing about positive changes in the overall floodplain productivity and livelihood gains for the poor people of Bangladesh.
Sahu-Indonesian-English Dictionary, 1987
A number of temperate grasses and legumes, important for animal feeding, have their centre of div... more A number of temperate grasses and legumes, important for animal feeding, have their centre of diversity in the NorthWest European region, including perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.; Engels raaigras), white clover (Trifolium repens L.; witte klaver) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.; veldbeemdgras). These species traditionally occur in Dutch grasslands where they can be considered as typical. Undisturbed grasslands that are still in agricultural use have severely become reduced in number in the Netherlands. To investigate the need for conservation policies for such grasslands, diversity was assessed in perennial ryegrass, white clover and Kentucky bluegrass collected from traditional grasslands. This diversity was then compared with the diversity in commercial reference cultivars and in grasslands from nature reserves. Diversity estimation included morphological analyses and molecular characterization. The analyses indicated no substantial distinction between the gene pools of the three investigated groups for any of the three investigated species. In particular, comparison of traditional grasslands with grasslands from nature reserves indicated that basically these two groups covered the same range of genetic variation. It was therefore concluded that no specific in situ conservation measures are currently needed to maintain the genetic diversity of perennial ryegrass, white clover and Kentucky bluegrass occurring in traditional grasslands, considering that nature reserves are already under protective measures. Because perennial ryegrass, white clover and Kentucky bluegrass can be regarded key species of grasslands, the obtained results may be indicative of other species with similar life-history characteristics. Therefore, the need for specific conservation measures for traditional grasslands cannot be warranted.
Overview of Dutch agricultural production systems State of diversity of major crops State of dive... more Overview of Dutch agricultural production systems State of diversity of major crops State of diversity of other crops Factors affecting the state of diversity Trends 2. The State of In situ Management Summary In situ management of cultivated diversity under conditions of modern agriculture Non-domesticated diversity Related research Trends 3. The State of Ex situ management Summary Introduction Policy developments Recent trends in ex situ collections Future trends in ex situ collections 4. The State of Use Summary Evaluation of germplasm Synthesis of individual datasets Changes in distribution of CGN germplasm Technological and societal developments Education and knowledge transfer Uncertainly in estimating final use of germplasm in new varieties Constraints in use Effects of policies Future needs and priorities 5.
The National Report is considered a strategic policy document. After a general introduction on Du... more The National Report is considered a strategic policy document. After a general introduction on Dutch agriculture, it describes the state of diversity in the production system and the crop and variety levels due to ongoing developments in agricultural production. Chapters 2 and 3 focus on the in situ Management and ex situ Management of Plant Genetic Resources respectively, explaining why the ex situ approach is relatively important for the country given the current status of its agriculture. Chapter 4 describes the changes in the State of Use over the last decade. Additional information is contained in the chapters on National Programmes, Training and Legislation; Regional and International Collaboration; Access to PGRFA, Benefit-Sharing and Farmers’ Rights, with a final chapter on the Contribution of PGRFA Management to Food Security and Sustainable Development. National stakeholder consultations have contributed to this report.
The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 2012
This report examines whether it is possible for the research and use of marine genetic resources ... more This report examines whether it is possible for the research and use of marine genetic resources in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) to follow an approach based on the system that is being used with plant genetic resources in areas within national jurisdiction, as developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization. Part IV of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture contains the multilateral system of access and benefit-sharing. In addition, the report considers the implications of relevant provisions as contained in the Law of the Sea Convention, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Antarctic Treaty System, as well as instruments on intellectual property rights. The report concludes with an assessment of the options within existing legal frameworks for accommodating an access and benefit-sharing system for marine genetic resources originating from ABNJ, and provides suggestions to move the international debate forward.
Anesthesia & Analgesia, 2002
After the introduction of solvent/detergent-treated plasma (ESDEP ®) in our hospital, an increase... more After the introduction of solvent/detergent-treated plasma (ESDEP ®) in our hospital, an increased incidence of hyperfibrinolysis was observed (75% vs 29%; P ϭ 0.005) compared with the use of fresh frozen plasma for liver transplantation. To clarify this increased incidence, intraoperative plasma samples of patients treated with fresh frozen plasma or ESDEP were analyzed in a retrospective observational study. During the anhepatic phase, plasma levels of d-dimer (6.58 vs 1.53 g/mL; P ϭ 0.02) and fibrinogen degradation products (60 vs 23 mg/L; P ϭ 0.018) were significantly higher in patients treated with ESDEP. After reperfusion, differences increased to 23.5 vs 4.7 g/mL (d-dimer, P ϭ 0.002) and 161 vs 57 mg/L (fibrinogen degradation products, P ϭ 0.001). The amount of plasma received per packed red blood cell concentrate, clotting tests, and levels of individual clotting factors did not show significant differences between the groups. ␣ 2-Antiplasmin levels, however, were significantly lower in patients receiving ESDEP during the anhepatic phase (0.37 vs 0.65 IU/mL; P Ͻ 0.001) and after reperfusion (0.27 vs 0.58 IU/mL; P ϭ 0.001). Analysis of ␣ 2antiplasmin levels in ESDEP alone showed a reduction to 0.28 IU/mL (normal Ͼ0.95 IU/mL) because of the solvent/detergent process. Therapeutic consequences for the use of ESDEP in orthotopic liver transplantation are discussed in view of an increased incidence of hyperfibrinolysis caused by reduced levels of ␣ 2antiplasmin in the solvent/detergent-treated plasma. (Anesth Analg 2002;94:1127-31) intraoperative plasma samples of patients treated with SD-treated plasma or fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) were analyzed to find an explanation for the increased incidence of hyperfibrinolysis observed with the use of SD-treated plasma (ESDEP ® ; CLB Amsterdam, The Netherlands) during OLT. Methods All the studies, including this study, running in the Rotterdam liver transplantation center are under the surveillance of the medical ethics committee of the Erasmus University Rotterdam. From June 1994 to March 1997, 67 patients underwent OLT for end-stage cirrhosis after written, informed consent was obtained. In 41 patients, complete coagulation follow-up during the procedure was present. From June 1994 to December 1995, clotting factors were substituted in 21 patients with FFP (300 mL; CLB Amsterdam). After January 1996, SD virusinactivated plasma (ESDEP, 200 mL) was used in 20 patients. The ESDEP was prepared from pooled plasma of 2000 voluntary Dutch blood donors, and virus inactivation was realized by treating the pooled plasma with
Acta Paediatrica, 1999
The epidemiology of rotavirus infection in Spain was investigated using information from existing... more The epidemiology of rotavirus infection in Spain was investigated using information from existing surveillance systems. Reports from laboratories and data on hospital admissions were used to estimate the number of hospital admissions due to rotavirus infection. Between January 1989 and December 1995 there were 8265 reports of rotavirus identification in the Sistema de Información Microbiológica, a voluntary national laboratory surveillance system. Where age was reported, 89.2% were in children under 5 y old. This represents 21.8% of all pathogens identified in faecal specimens in children of this age group. Between January and December 1994 there were 5639 admissions coded as "infectious intestinal disease" and 8225 as "non-infective gastroenteritis" in children under 5 y of age in the Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos, an obligatory hospital admissions surveillance system which covers 83% of public hospitals. Using regression analysis of admission data and laboratory reports it was estimated that rotavirus infection accounted for 3519 (25.3%) of the hospital admissions. We estimate that 4239 admissions attributable to rotavirus occurred in children under 5 y of age in Spain in 1994, a rate of 2.5/1000 population in this age group. These estimates are lower than those published for other countries, where the burden of disease is considered high enough to warrant a national vaccination programme. A cost-effectiveness study with Spanish information is essential before embarking on a national vaccination programme.
Seasonal floodplains under private and public ownership in the Indo-Ganges river basin provide fo... more Seasonal floodplains under private and public ownership in the Indo-Ganges river basin provide food and income for millions of people in Bangladesh. Floodplain ownership regimes are diverse, covering the whole spectrum from public to private ownership. The paper compares community-based fish culture projects in these floodplains and analyzes the institutional arrangements of three different Floodplain Management Committees (FMC). The paper aimed to understand the complex institutional relations that govern ownership, access, and control of the floodplains under community-based fish culture (CBFC) to increase fish production and the livelihoods of the poor. We followed the stakeholders representing the various institutions and organizations such as the Department of Fisheries (DoF), Department of Land (DoL), and FMC. Other important stakeholders were the lease-holders of public water bodies in the floodplains, private landowners, seasonal, and professional fishers. The analysis demon...
This article is the outcome of an empirical study of technical training of women and men through ... more This article is the outcome of an empirical study of technical training of women and men through Farmer Field Schools in rural Nepal during the last decade. When the Farmer Field Schools started in Nepal as part of the FAO Integrated Pest Management project in 1997, this was also the year that the Maoists declared the People’s Revolution. The article describes the increased participation of women in FFS and its positive effect on food security of their families. After initial failure of FFS to include gender in its policy and activities, the article discusses the gradual acceptance of gender issues in the training. Empowerment is seen as a developmental process rather than as a product somebody or a group can gain access to or own. Different forms and objectives of empowerment of both women and men are discussed, and the unintended outcomes of FFS intervention in the context of rapid social-economic and political change during the Maoist revolution in Nepal.
1 This paper had published in Indonesian Social & Anthropology Journal 2001, 25 (64): 56-67. Rese... more 1 This paper had published in Indonesian Social & Anthropology Journal 2001, 25 (64): 56-67. Research for this paper was conducted within the framework of a Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research Priority Programme ‘The Irian Jaya Studies: A Programme for Interdisciplinary Research’ (ISIR, 1993-1999), which was financed by the Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Tropical Research (WOTRO). The focus of this paper ‘The references in President Soeharto’s Budget Speech of January 1990 to the importance of developing the eastern region of the archipelago represented an important departure in post-Independence Indonesian thinking about the nature and composition of the state.’ (Chauvel 1996:61) Today, after 10 years of intensified state efforts to regional development, the response in the region again is not unlike after the Malino and Den Pasar Conferences, ‘where Van Mook anticipated that the principal danger to be confronted ... was “local patriotism” and the demand...
Food Security, 2016
This paper examines the impact of community based fish culture in seasonal floodplains on fish pr... more This paper examines the impact of community based fish culture in seasonal floodplains on fish production, consumption, income, and food security of the participating households in Bangladesh. An analysis was performed using a randomly selected 46 % of the households from the three project and control floodplains; data were collected using longitudinal surveys on a seasonally, quarterly and monthly basis for the years 2007, 2008 and 2009. Fish production, income and food security of the participating households was improved due to the adoption of an equitable and inclusive multi-stakeholder approach introduced by the project. Average fish production increased from 124 kg/ha/yr. to 464 kg/ha/yr. The introduced community-based fish culture approach generated 3.74 times more fish income for households in the project sites in comparison to the control sites. Per capita monthly fish consumption increased from 1.26 kg to 2.31 kg in the project sites, which was 32 % higher than the control sites. Project implementation reduced the vulnerability of local beneficiaries, particularly of the landless and poor fishermen, by creating additional fishing opportunity for up to 6 months of the year. Promotion of the community based fish culture in seasonal floodplains may thus be useful in bringing about positive changes in the overall floodplain productivity and livelihood gains for the poor people of Bangladesh.