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Papers by Vitaliy Kryvoruchko

Animal welfare and environmental protection are increasingly important. Housing systems must be f... more Animal welfare and environmental protection are increasingly important. Housing systems must be found that offer animal welfare and emit little ammonia, and greenhouse gases. The straw flow system is an animal friendly housing system for fattening pigs. The pen is separated into a lying area and an excretion area. In the lying area, straw is used. The pigs keep the lying area dry and clean and excrete on slats in the rear of the pen. The system can be operated economically efficient on commercial farms. It was to be investigated, if this animal friendly housing system offered environmental benefits and if it emitted less ammonia and greenhouse gases than a conventional fully or partly slatted system. Emissions of NH 3 , N 2 O, and CH 4 were measured at a commercial farm. The animal house consisted of three fully separated compartments. Each compartment was forced ventilated by a central exhaust fan. The compartments were separated into 16 pens that held 10 -12 pigs. Gas concentrations were measured with high resolution FTIR spectrometry. Ventilation rate was recorded in the central exhaust fan. Measurements coverd all seasons and all stages of fattening. Emissions from slurry storage were quantified, as well. Full data evaluation is currently ongoing.

Biomass & Bioenergy, 2009

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a promising option for the environmentally friendly recycling of agri... more Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a promising option for the environmentally friendly recycling of agricultural by-products. However, overloading of the digester with sugar, starch or protein might cause inhibition of the anaerobic processes. The aim of the present project was to investigate the AD of sugar beet, starch potato by-products and effect of pre-treatment by steam on methane yield of potatoes pulp. The investigated by-products have been: sugar beet pulp silage (SBP), sugar beet tail silage (SBT), potato pulp (PP), potato peel pulp (PPP) and potato fruit water (PFW). All by-products were digested in 1 l eudiometer-batch digesters at 37.5 °C during 28–38 days. The specific methane yields of SBP and SBT were 430 and 481 lN kg−1 volatile solids (VS), respectively. The specific methane yields of PP, PPP and PFW were 332, 377 and 323 lN (kg VS)−1. A steam pre-treatment significantly increased the specific methane yield of PP up to 373 lN (kg VS)−1.

A world wide increasing demand can be observed to use energy crops for biogas production. The res... more A world wide increasing demand can be observed to use energy crops for biogas production. The research project aimed at optimising anaerobic digestion of maize and clover grass. With energy crops, a maximum methane yield per hectare should be achieved. Influence of variety and harvesting time on the methane yield was investigated. Maximum methane yield from late ripening maize varieties ranged between 7100 and 9000 Nm 3 CH 4 ha -1 . Early and medium ripening varieties yielded 5300 -8500 Nm 3 CH 4 ha -1 when grown in favourable regions. On medium to good locations, clover grass yielded 3000 -4500 Nm 3 CH 4 ha -1 . Maize and clover grass are optimally harvested, when the product from specific methane yield and VS yield per hectare reaches a maximum. From the digestion experiments, the new Methane Energy Value System was developed. It estimates the methane yield from the nutrient composition of maize and clover grass silage.

International Congress …, 2006

Animal welfare and environmental protection are increasingly important. Housing systems must be f... more Animal welfare and environmental protection are increasingly important. Housing systems must be found that offer animal welfare and emit little ammonia, and greenhouse gases. The straw flow system is an animal friendly housing system for fattening pigs. The pen is separated into a lying area and an excretion area. In the lying area, straw is used. The pigs keep the lying area dry and clean and excrete on slats in the rear of the pen. The system can be operated economically efficient on commercial farms. It was to be investigated, if this animal friendly housing system offered environmental benefits and if it emitted less ammonia and greenhouse gases than a conventional fully or partly slatted system. Emissions of NH 3 , N 2 O, and CH 4 were measured at a commercial farm. The animal house consisted of three fully separated compartments. Each compartment was forced ventilated by a central exhaust fan. The compartments were separated into 16 pens that held 10 -12 pigs. Gas concentrations were measured with high resolution FTIR spectrometry. Ventilation rate was recorded in the central exhaust fan. Measurements coverd all seasons and all stages of fattening. Emissions from slurry storage were quantified, as well. Full data evaluation is currently ongoing.

Bioresource …, 2007

Biogas production is of major importance for the sustainable use of agrarian biomass as renewable... more Biogas production is of major importance for the sustainable use of agrarian biomass as renewable energy source. Economic biogas production depends on high biogas yields. The project aimed at optimising anaerobic digestion of energy crops. The following aspects were investigated: suitability of different crop species and varieties, optimum time of harvesting, specific methane yield and methane yield per hectare. The experiments covered 7 maize, 2 winter wheat, 2 triticale varieties, 1 winter rye, and 2 sunflower varieties and 6 variants with permanent grassland. In the course of the vegetation period, biomass yield and biomass composition were measured. Anaerobic digestion was carried out in eudiometer batch digesters. The highest methane yields of 7500-10 200 m 3 N ha À1 were achieved from maize varieties with FAO numbers (value for the maturity of the maize) of 300 to 600 harvested at ''wax ripeness''. Methane yields of cereals ranged from 3200 to 4500 m 3 N ha À1 . Cereals should be harvested at ''grain in the milk stage'' to ''grain in the dough stage''. With sunflowers, methane yields between 2600 and 4550 m 3 N ha À1 were achieved. There were distinct differences between the investigated sunflower varieties. Alpine grassland can yield 2700-3500 m 3 N CH 4 ha À1 . The methane energy value model (MEVM) was developed for the different energy crops. It estimates the specific methane yield from the nutrient composition of the energy crops.

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2007

There is an increasing world wide demand for energy crops and animal manures for biogas productio... more There is an increasing world wide demand for energy crops and animal manures for biogas production. To meet these demands, this research project aimed at optimising anaerobic digestion of maize and dairy cattle manures. Methane production was measured for 60 days in 1 l eudiometer batch digesters at 38 8C. Manure received from dairy cows with medium milk yield that were fed a well balanced diet produced the highest specific methane yield of 166.3 Nl CH 4 kg VS À1 . Thirteen early to late ripening maize varieties were grown on several locations in Austria. Late ripening varieties produced more biomass than medium or early ripening varieties. On fertile locations in Austria more than 30 Mg VS ha À1 can be produced. The methane yield declined as the crop approaches full ripeness. With late ripening maize varieties, yields ranged between 312 and 365 Nl CH 4 kg VS À1 (milk ripeness) and 268-286 Nl CH 4 kg VS À1 (full ripeness). Silaging increased the methane yield by about 25% compared to green, non-conserved maize. Maize (Zea mays L.) is optimally harvested, when the product from specific methane yield and VS yield per hectare reaches a maximum. With early to medium ripening varieties (FAO 240-390), the optimum harvesting time is at the ''end of wax ripeness''. Late ripening varieties (FAO ca. 600) may be harvested later, towards ''full ripeness''. Maximum methane yield per hectare from late ripening maize varieties ranged between 7100 and 9000 Nm 3 CH 4 ha À1 . Early and medium ripening varieties yielded 5300-8500 Nm 3 CH 4 ha À1 when grown in favourable regions. The highest methane yield per hectare was achieved from digestion of whole maize crops. Digestion of corns only or of corn cob mix resulted in a reduction in methane yield per hectare of 70 and 43%, respectively. From the digestion experiments a multiple linear regression equation, the Methane Energy Value Model, was derived that estimates methane production from the composition of maize. It is a helpful tool to optimise biogas production from energy crops. The Methane Energy Value Model requires further validation and refinement. #

ABSTRACT: Currently, biogas production is mainly based on the anaerobic digestion of single energ... more ABSTRACT: Currently, biogas production is mainly based on the anaerobic digestion of single energy crops. In the future, biogas production from energy crops will increase and will have to be based on a wide range of energy crops that are grown in versatile, sustainable crop ...

Animal welfare and environmental protection are increasingly important. Housing systems must be f... more Animal welfare and environmental protection are increasingly important. Housing systems must be found that offer animal welfare and emit little ammonia, and greenhouse gases. The straw flow system is an animal friendly housing system for fattening pigs. The pen is separated into a lying area and an excretion area. In the lying area, straw is used. The pigs keep the lying area dry and clean and excrete on slats in the rear of the pen. The system can be operated economically efficient on commercial farms. It was to be investigated, if this animal friendly housing system offered environmental benefits and if it emitted less ammonia and greenhouse gases than a conventional fully or partly slatted system. Emissions of NH 3 , N 2 O, and CH 4 were measured at a commercial farm. The animal house consisted of three fully separated compartments. Each compartment was forced ventilated by a central exhaust fan. The compartments were separated into 16 pens that held 10 -12 pigs. Gas concentrations were measured with high resolution FTIR spectrometry. Ventilation rate was recorded in the central exhaust fan. Measurements coverd all seasons and all stages of fattening. Emissions from slurry storage were quantified, as well. Full data evaluation is currently ongoing.

Biomass & Bioenergy, 2009

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a promising option for the environmentally friendly recycling of agri... more Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a promising option for the environmentally friendly recycling of agricultural by-products. However, overloading of the digester with sugar, starch or protein might cause inhibition of the anaerobic processes. The aim of the present project was to investigate the AD of sugar beet, starch potato by-products and effect of pre-treatment by steam on methane yield of potatoes pulp. The investigated by-products have been: sugar beet pulp silage (SBP), sugar beet tail silage (SBT), potato pulp (PP), potato peel pulp (PPP) and potato fruit water (PFW). All by-products were digested in 1 l eudiometer-batch digesters at 37.5 °C during 28–38 days. The specific methane yields of SBP and SBT were 430 and 481 lN kg−1 volatile solids (VS), respectively. The specific methane yields of PP, PPP and PFW were 332, 377 and 323 lN (kg VS)−1. A steam pre-treatment significantly increased the specific methane yield of PP up to 373 lN (kg VS)−1.

A world wide increasing demand can be observed to use energy crops for biogas production. The res... more A world wide increasing demand can be observed to use energy crops for biogas production. The research project aimed at optimising anaerobic digestion of maize and clover grass. With energy crops, a maximum methane yield per hectare should be achieved. Influence of variety and harvesting time on the methane yield was investigated. Maximum methane yield from late ripening maize varieties ranged between 7100 and 9000 Nm 3 CH 4 ha -1 . Early and medium ripening varieties yielded 5300 -8500 Nm 3 CH 4 ha -1 when grown in favourable regions. On medium to good locations, clover grass yielded 3000 -4500 Nm 3 CH 4 ha -1 . Maize and clover grass are optimally harvested, when the product from specific methane yield and VS yield per hectare reaches a maximum. From the digestion experiments, the new Methane Energy Value System was developed. It estimates the methane yield from the nutrient composition of maize and clover grass silage.

International Congress …, 2006

Animal welfare and environmental protection are increasingly important. Housing systems must be f... more Animal welfare and environmental protection are increasingly important. Housing systems must be found that offer animal welfare and emit little ammonia, and greenhouse gases. The straw flow system is an animal friendly housing system for fattening pigs. The pen is separated into a lying area and an excretion area. In the lying area, straw is used. The pigs keep the lying area dry and clean and excrete on slats in the rear of the pen. The system can be operated economically efficient on commercial farms. It was to be investigated, if this animal friendly housing system offered environmental benefits and if it emitted less ammonia and greenhouse gases than a conventional fully or partly slatted system. Emissions of NH 3 , N 2 O, and CH 4 were measured at a commercial farm. The animal house consisted of three fully separated compartments. Each compartment was forced ventilated by a central exhaust fan. The compartments were separated into 16 pens that held 10 -12 pigs. Gas concentrations were measured with high resolution FTIR spectrometry. Ventilation rate was recorded in the central exhaust fan. Measurements coverd all seasons and all stages of fattening. Emissions from slurry storage were quantified, as well. Full data evaluation is currently ongoing.

Bioresource …, 2007

Biogas production is of major importance for the sustainable use of agrarian biomass as renewable... more Biogas production is of major importance for the sustainable use of agrarian biomass as renewable energy source. Economic biogas production depends on high biogas yields. The project aimed at optimising anaerobic digestion of energy crops. The following aspects were investigated: suitability of different crop species and varieties, optimum time of harvesting, specific methane yield and methane yield per hectare. The experiments covered 7 maize, 2 winter wheat, 2 triticale varieties, 1 winter rye, and 2 sunflower varieties and 6 variants with permanent grassland. In the course of the vegetation period, biomass yield and biomass composition were measured. Anaerobic digestion was carried out in eudiometer batch digesters. The highest methane yields of 7500-10 200 m 3 N ha À1 were achieved from maize varieties with FAO numbers (value for the maturity of the maize) of 300 to 600 harvested at ''wax ripeness''. Methane yields of cereals ranged from 3200 to 4500 m 3 N ha À1 . Cereals should be harvested at ''grain in the milk stage'' to ''grain in the dough stage''. With sunflowers, methane yields between 2600 and 4550 m 3 N ha À1 were achieved. There were distinct differences between the investigated sunflower varieties. Alpine grassland can yield 2700-3500 m 3 N CH 4 ha À1 . The methane energy value model (MEVM) was developed for the different energy crops. It estimates the specific methane yield from the nutrient composition of the energy crops.

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2007

There is an increasing world wide demand for energy crops and animal manures for biogas productio... more There is an increasing world wide demand for energy crops and animal manures for biogas production. To meet these demands, this research project aimed at optimising anaerobic digestion of maize and dairy cattle manures. Methane production was measured for 60 days in 1 l eudiometer batch digesters at 38 8C. Manure received from dairy cows with medium milk yield that were fed a well balanced diet produced the highest specific methane yield of 166.3 Nl CH 4 kg VS À1 . Thirteen early to late ripening maize varieties were grown on several locations in Austria. Late ripening varieties produced more biomass than medium or early ripening varieties. On fertile locations in Austria more than 30 Mg VS ha À1 can be produced. The methane yield declined as the crop approaches full ripeness. With late ripening maize varieties, yields ranged between 312 and 365 Nl CH 4 kg VS À1 (milk ripeness) and 268-286 Nl CH 4 kg VS À1 (full ripeness). Silaging increased the methane yield by about 25% compared to green, non-conserved maize. Maize (Zea mays L.) is optimally harvested, when the product from specific methane yield and VS yield per hectare reaches a maximum. With early to medium ripening varieties (FAO 240-390), the optimum harvesting time is at the ''end of wax ripeness''. Late ripening varieties (FAO ca. 600) may be harvested later, towards ''full ripeness''. Maximum methane yield per hectare from late ripening maize varieties ranged between 7100 and 9000 Nm 3 CH 4 ha À1 . Early and medium ripening varieties yielded 5300-8500 Nm 3 CH 4 ha À1 when grown in favourable regions. The highest methane yield per hectare was achieved from digestion of whole maize crops. Digestion of corns only or of corn cob mix resulted in a reduction in methane yield per hectare of 70 and 43%, respectively. From the digestion experiments a multiple linear regression equation, the Methane Energy Value Model, was derived that estimates methane production from the composition of maize. It is a helpful tool to optimise biogas production from energy crops. The Methane Energy Value Model requires further validation and refinement. #

ABSTRACT: Currently, biogas production is mainly based on the anaerobic digestion of single energ... more ABSTRACT: Currently, biogas production is mainly based on the anaerobic digestion of single energy crops. In the future, biogas production from energy crops will increase and will have to be based on a wide range of energy crops that are grown in versatile, sustainable crop ...