Volker Gettwert - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Volker Gettwert
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials, Mar 29, 2024
Article is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 license CC... more Article is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 license CC BY-NC-ND 3.0.
Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Apr 14, 2015
SPE polymers, Feb 7, 2022
The growing importance of electric mobility has led to an increased demand for safety technologie... more The growing importance of electric mobility has led to an increased demand for safety technologies in the automotive sector, such as the flame retardancy of materials used for electric vehicles. The fire protection of a fully equipped rechargeable energy storage system (REESS), including battery, housing, control electronics, etc., against a fuel fire must be tested according to UNECE Regulation No. 100 Annex 8E-Fire Resistance (UNECE-R100-8E). To pass this fire retardancy requirement, the flame retardancy of the housing materials is of great importance. In this study, the flame retardancy of glass-fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP-GF) tape laminates containing the flame retardant magnesium hydroxide and different GF amounts, as well as sandwich structures of these PP-GF tape laminates with a polypropylene bead foam (EPP) core, are investigated by a limiting oxygen index test, a UL94 test and a cone calorimeter test. Furthermore, a newly developed approach of a bench-scale fuel fire test which simulates the fire treatment of the UNECE-R100-8E on component level is used.
ChemInform, May 11, 2004
Intramolecular carbene and metalcarbene reactions of appropriately functionalized diazo compound... more Intramolecular carbene and metalcarbene reactions of appropriately functionalized diazo compounds allow the ready construction of a broad range of carbo-and heterocyclic rings.15 Starting from silyldiazoalkanes and silyldiazoacetates, this strategy gives access to various ...
The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 2010
The next step in the engineering cycle after properies is processing. The different process techn... more The next step in the engineering cycle after properies is processing. The different process techniques influence the design, properties, and life time of a component during use. Therefore, the opportunities and risks associated with the application of polymer components are also influenced by processing. This chapter summarizes a multitude of processing techniques for the very different kinds and structures of plastics, including rapid prototyping.
Chem. Commun., 2004
Methyl 2-silabicyclo[2.1.0]pentane-1-carboxylate, obtained by a photochemical intramolecular cycl... more Methyl 2-silabicyclo[2.1.0]pentane-1-carboxylate, obtained by a photochemical intramolecular cyclopropanation reaction of an [small alpha]-allylsilyl-[small alpha]-diazoacetate, undergoes ring opening reactions under different conditions leading to methyl 2-[diisopropyl(methoxy)silylmethyl]cyclopropane-1-carboxylate, a 1-sila-4-cyclopentene-2-carboxylate or an allyl(methoxysilyl)ketene.
Energetic Materials Research, Applications, and New Technologies
Solid rocket propulsion enjoys unique properties favoring its use in space exploration and milita... more Solid rocket propulsion enjoys unique properties favoring its use in space exploration and military missions still for decades to come. Yet, it also suffers a limited performance especially in terms of gravimetric specific impulse. Although new high-energy materials have been identified, most of them are far from being practically usable in the short range. Presently, no integrated vehicle designs make use of these new ingredients. A broad overview is discussed in this paper and attention is paid to Ammonium Dinitramide, ADN to overcome the current limitations of Ammonium Perchlorate, AP. The latter imply not only a limited gravimetric specific impulse but also a negative impact on the environment and personal health. ADN-based dual-oxidizer formulations, with Al-based dual-metal fuels and inert or energetic binders, are promising solutions for a variety of solid rocket propulsion missions aiming respectively at minimizing environmental impact (ADN + AN) or maximizing performance (A...
Polymers - Opportunities and Risks I, 2010
ABSTRACT The properties of plastics are discussed and summarized, sometimes in comparison with me... more ABSTRACT The properties of plastics are discussed and summarized, sometimes in comparison with metals and other materials. The temperature and time dependence of the properties related to the polymer structure (thermoplastics, elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers, thermosets, and fiber-reinforced plastics) are dealt with. Additives are discussed in a separate section, Sect. 6 because of the importance of these factors for the use of environmentally friendly plastics. KeywordsFunctional additives-Organic and inorganic additives-Properties (mechanical, thermal, chemical, physical)-Structure
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Nov 5, 2022
The fire behaviour of electric vehicles (EVs) differs from that of vehicles with combustion engin... more The fire behaviour of electric vehicles (EVs) differs from that of vehicles with combustion engines. Especially the rechargeable energy storage system (REESS) requires special fire protection measures. The fire behaviour of materials for REESS housings plays an important role in the fire resistance of such systems. Full-scale fire resistance tests like gasoline pool fire tests on complete REESS according to the UNECE-R100-8E standard are mandatory for EVs. However, these tests are not applicable for materials used for REESS housings in the material and process development state, due to the high material demand and production costs of the REESS. Standard tests like the limiting oxygen index test, UL94-V test or cone calorimeter test are insufficient to analyse the fire behaviour of thermoplastic and thermoset materials in a gasoline pool fire. This paper describes a bench-scale fuel fire test including several test criteria to evaluate materials for REESS housings on a laboratory scale. This bench-scale fire test is demonstrated on two case studies: fibre-reinforced thermoset plates and thermoplastic sandwich structures.
The present invention relates to a composition for a fire-resistant resin foam comprising resin c... more The present invention relates to a composition for a fire-resistant resin foam comprising resin component (A), the hardener component (B) and filler component (C), wherein the resin component (A) contains a phenolic resin or a mixture of phenolic resin and melamine resin, the hardener component (B) is a reaction product containing an organic nitrogen base and a polyol organophosphate and the filler component (C) contains finely ground inorganic fillers. In addition, the present invention provides methods for producing a flame-retardant synthetic resin foam according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in particular for the production of phenol resin foam, melamine resin foam, urea resin foam, or mixtures thereof, comprising the steps of (i) dissolving the blowing agent component (D) in the mixture affects from resin component (A) and filler component (C), (ii) prefoaming of the mixture of resin component (A) and filler component (C) with the blowing agent component (D) and (iii) extruding ...
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1996
Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics
Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics
Solid rocket propulsion is used in the first stage or boosters of space launchers. Three oxidizer... more Solid rocket propulsion is used in the first stage or boosters of space launchers. Three oxidizers are available on the market, which can be used for the preparation of composite propellants: Ammonium Nitrate (AN, NH4NO3) or its phase-stabilized (PSAN) version, the widely used Ammonium Perchlorate (AP, NH4ClO4), and the relatively new Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN, NH4N(NO2)2). To our knowledge, ADN-based solid rocket propellants are used by the Russian for the intercontinental ballistic missiles only. The first application of ADN in Europe is in a liquid monopropellant (LMP-103S). The current state-of-the-art composite propellant used for about 50 years is based on the oxidizer AP. The aims of new developments are the improvement of the delivered performance and the reduction of environmental impact. Therefor AP must be replaced by a chlorine-free oxidizer. ADN/GAP-based solid rocket propellants were systematically studied in the HISP project (High performance solid propellants for In-...
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule cr... more An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world's repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials, Mar 29, 2024
Article is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 license CC... more Article is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 license CC BY-NC-ND 3.0.
Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Apr 14, 2015
SPE polymers, Feb 7, 2022
The growing importance of electric mobility has led to an increased demand for safety technologie... more The growing importance of electric mobility has led to an increased demand for safety technologies in the automotive sector, such as the flame retardancy of materials used for electric vehicles. The fire protection of a fully equipped rechargeable energy storage system (REESS), including battery, housing, control electronics, etc., against a fuel fire must be tested according to UNECE Regulation No. 100 Annex 8E-Fire Resistance (UNECE-R100-8E). To pass this fire retardancy requirement, the flame retardancy of the housing materials is of great importance. In this study, the flame retardancy of glass-fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP-GF) tape laminates containing the flame retardant magnesium hydroxide and different GF amounts, as well as sandwich structures of these PP-GF tape laminates with a polypropylene bead foam (EPP) core, are investigated by a limiting oxygen index test, a UL94 test and a cone calorimeter test. Furthermore, a newly developed approach of a bench-scale fuel fire test which simulates the fire treatment of the UNECE-R100-8E on component level is used.
ChemInform, May 11, 2004
Intramolecular carbene and metalcarbene reactions of appropriately functionalized diazo compound... more Intramolecular carbene and metalcarbene reactions of appropriately functionalized diazo compounds allow the ready construction of a broad range of carbo-and heterocyclic rings.15 Starting from silyldiazoalkanes and silyldiazoacetates, this strategy gives access to various ...
The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 2010
The next step in the engineering cycle after properies is processing. The different process techn... more The next step in the engineering cycle after properies is processing. The different process techniques influence the design, properties, and life time of a component during use. Therefore, the opportunities and risks associated with the application of polymer components are also influenced by processing. This chapter summarizes a multitude of processing techniques for the very different kinds and structures of plastics, including rapid prototyping.
Chem. Commun., 2004
Methyl 2-silabicyclo[2.1.0]pentane-1-carboxylate, obtained by a photochemical intramolecular cycl... more Methyl 2-silabicyclo[2.1.0]pentane-1-carboxylate, obtained by a photochemical intramolecular cyclopropanation reaction of an [small alpha]-allylsilyl-[small alpha]-diazoacetate, undergoes ring opening reactions under different conditions leading to methyl 2-[diisopropyl(methoxy)silylmethyl]cyclopropane-1-carboxylate, a 1-sila-4-cyclopentene-2-carboxylate or an allyl(methoxysilyl)ketene.
Energetic Materials Research, Applications, and New Technologies
Solid rocket propulsion enjoys unique properties favoring its use in space exploration and milita... more Solid rocket propulsion enjoys unique properties favoring its use in space exploration and military missions still for decades to come. Yet, it also suffers a limited performance especially in terms of gravimetric specific impulse. Although new high-energy materials have been identified, most of them are far from being practically usable in the short range. Presently, no integrated vehicle designs make use of these new ingredients. A broad overview is discussed in this paper and attention is paid to Ammonium Dinitramide, ADN to overcome the current limitations of Ammonium Perchlorate, AP. The latter imply not only a limited gravimetric specific impulse but also a negative impact on the environment and personal health. ADN-based dual-oxidizer formulations, with Al-based dual-metal fuels and inert or energetic binders, are promising solutions for a variety of solid rocket propulsion missions aiming respectively at minimizing environmental impact (ADN + AN) or maximizing performance (A...
Polymers - Opportunities and Risks I, 2010
ABSTRACT The properties of plastics are discussed and summarized, sometimes in comparison with me... more ABSTRACT The properties of plastics are discussed and summarized, sometimes in comparison with metals and other materials. The temperature and time dependence of the properties related to the polymer structure (thermoplastics, elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers, thermosets, and fiber-reinforced plastics) are dealt with. Additives are discussed in a separate section, Sect. 6 because of the importance of these factors for the use of environmentally friendly plastics. KeywordsFunctional additives-Organic and inorganic additives-Properties (mechanical, thermal, chemical, physical)-Structure
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Nov 5, 2022
The fire behaviour of electric vehicles (EVs) differs from that of vehicles with combustion engin... more The fire behaviour of electric vehicles (EVs) differs from that of vehicles with combustion engines. Especially the rechargeable energy storage system (REESS) requires special fire protection measures. The fire behaviour of materials for REESS housings plays an important role in the fire resistance of such systems. Full-scale fire resistance tests like gasoline pool fire tests on complete REESS according to the UNECE-R100-8E standard are mandatory for EVs. However, these tests are not applicable for materials used for REESS housings in the material and process development state, due to the high material demand and production costs of the REESS. Standard tests like the limiting oxygen index test, UL94-V test or cone calorimeter test are insufficient to analyse the fire behaviour of thermoplastic and thermoset materials in a gasoline pool fire. This paper describes a bench-scale fuel fire test including several test criteria to evaluate materials for REESS housings on a laboratory scale. This bench-scale fire test is demonstrated on two case studies: fibre-reinforced thermoset plates and thermoplastic sandwich structures.
The present invention relates to a composition for a fire-resistant resin foam comprising resin c... more The present invention relates to a composition for a fire-resistant resin foam comprising resin component (A), the hardener component (B) and filler component (C), wherein the resin component (A) contains a phenolic resin or a mixture of phenolic resin and melamine resin, the hardener component (B) is a reaction product containing an organic nitrogen base and a polyol organophosphate and the filler component (C) contains finely ground inorganic fillers. In addition, the present invention provides methods for producing a flame-retardant synthetic resin foam according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in particular for the production of phenol resin foam, melamine resin foam, urea resin foam, or mixtures thereof, comprising the steps of (i) dissolving the blowing agent component (D) in the mixture affects from resin component (A) and filler component (C), (ii) prefoaming of the mixture of resin component (A) and filler component (C) with the blowing agent component (D) and (iii) extruding ...
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1996
Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics
Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics
Solid rocket propulsion is used in the first stage or boosters of space launchers. Three oxidizer... more Solid rocket propulsion is used in the first stage or boosters of space launchers. Three oxidizers are available on the market, which can be used for the preparation of composite propellants: Ammonium Nitrate (AN, NH4NO3) or its phase-stabilized (PSAN) version, the widely used Ammonium Perchlorate (AP, NH4ClO4), and the relatively new Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN, NH4N(NO2)2). To our knowledge, ADN-based solid rocket propellants are used by the Russian for the intercontinental ballistic missiles only. The first application of ADN in Europe is in a liquid monopropellant (LMP-103S). The current state-of-the-art composite propellant used for about 50 years is based on the oxidizer AP. The aims of new developments are the improvement of the delivered performance and the reduction of environmental impact. Therefor AP must be replaced by a chlorine-free oxidizer. ADN/GAP-based solid rocket propellants were systematically studied in the HISP project (High performance solid propellants for In-...