Volodymyr Gunka - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Volodymyr Gunka

Journal of Coal Chemistry, 2020

The main reasons and ways of bitumen modification by polymers were examined. Positive and negativ... more The main reasons and ways of bitumen modification by polymers were examined. Positive and negative aspects of the usage of different polymer modifiers (elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers, reactive polymers, thermoplastics) were analysed. The authors’ achievements concerning modification of bitumen by various polymers, namely indene-coumarone, petroleum, phenol-formaldehyde and epoxy resins, were described.

Petroleum Science and Technology

Coatings

A literature review of the five main theories describing the interaction mechanisms in the bitume... more A literature review of the five main theories describing the interaction mechanisms in the bitumen/aggregate system was conducted: theory of weak boundary layers, mechanical theory, electrostatic theory, chemical bonding theory, and thermodynamic theory (adsorption theory). The adhesion assessment methods in the bitumen/aggregate system are described, which can be divided into three main groups: determination of adhesion forces for bitumen with different materials, determination of bitumen resistance to the exfoliating action of water with different materials, and determination of adhesion as a fundamental value (contact angle measurements, interfacial fracture energy, adsorption capacity and others). It is proposed to evaluate the quality of adhesive interaction in the bitumen/aggregate system in two stages. The authors recommend using the adhesion determination methods for these two stages from the second group of methods the determination of bitumen resistance to the exfoliating ...

Materials

The process of chemical modification of tar and oxidized bitumen with formalin (a 37% aqueous sol... more The process of chemical modification of tar and oxidized bitumen with formalin (a 37% aqueous solution of formaldehyde) in a hermetic container was investigated and the effectiveness of the proposed process was proven. It is shown that the most effective raw material for the process is tar, not oxidized bitumen. The expediency and impact of using different types of solvents (toluene, p-xylene and petroleum solvent, and n-octane) in the modification process were studied. It was established that the solvent should be used in the modification of oxidized bitumens, not tars. The low efficiency of the process of tar modification with formaldehyde without the use of a catalyst was proven, and it was shown that the most active catalyst in the process is sulfuric acid. The influence and optimal values of the main factors controlling the process of chemical modification of tar with formaldehyde were established, namely temperature, duration, and content of the modifier—formaldehyde. On the b...

Selected aspects of providing the chemmotological reliability of the engineering, 2019

These countries account for 68.5 % of world bitumen production. Ukraine occupies only 53 place-0.... more These countries account for 68.5 % of world bitumen production. Ukraine occupies only 53 place-0.123 mln.tons (0.1 %). The largest exporters of bitumen are [2]: South Korea-2.264 mln.tons (11.5 %); Iran-2.

Epoxy modification of bituminous binders is recognized as an effective technology for changing th... more Epoxy modification of bituminous binders is recognized as an effective technology for changing the physical and mechanical properties of asphalt concrete. It allows you to design durable road structures. However, the physical and mechanical properties of epoxy asphalt systems are still insufficiently studied. In this work, attention is paid to the study of physical and mechanical properties of bituminous binders in the process of modification of their ecological (green) epoxy compounds on the basis of cheap and available renewable raw materials in the presence of initiators (hardeners). For this purpose, a model of modification of road bitumens bio based epoxy rape oil is proposed. Various organic hardeners (adipic acid, formic acid, polyethylene polyamine and maleic anhydride) were used to intensify the process. It is established that such model allows to obtain bitumen with improved properties.

Materials, 2022

With the continuing growth of waste sulfur production from the petroleum industry processes, its ... more With the continuing growth of waste sulfur production from the petroleum industry processes, its utilization for the production of useful, low-cost, and environmentally beneficial materials is of primary interest. Elemental sulfur has a significant and established history in the modification of bitumen binders, while the sulfur-containing high-molecular compounds are limited in this field. Herein, we report a novel possibility to utilize the sulfur/organic copolymers obtained via the inverse vulcanization process as modifiers for bitumen binders. Synthesis and thermal characterization (TGA-DSC) of polysulfides derived from elemental sulfur (S8) and unsaturated organic species (dicyclopentadiene, styrene, and limonene) have been carried out. The performance of modified bitumen binders has been studied by several mechanical measurements (softening point, ductility, penetration at 25 °C, frass breaking point, adhesion to glass and gravel) and compared to the unmodified bitumen from the...

The main reasons and ways of bitumen modification by polymers were examined. Positive and negativ... more The main reasons and ways of bitumen modification by polymers were examined. Positive and negative aspects of the usage of different polymer modifiers (elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers, reactive polymers, thermoplastics) were analysed. The authors' achievements concerning modification of bitumen by various polymers, namely indene-coumarone, petroleum, phenol-formaldehyde and epoxy resins, were described.

Chemistry & Chemical Technology, 2020

This article is devoted to development and production (on a lab emulsion plant) of six compositio... more This article is devoted to development and production (on a lab emulsion plant) of six compositions of slow-setting bitumen emulsions for a slurry-surfacing mix. An aggregate composition for Type 1 (0-5 mm) and Type 3 (0-15 mm) slurry-surfacing mixes was determined and selected. Results of the slurry surfacing mix composition selected by the criteria of a mixture decay, cohesion strength build-up rate and material loss by wet track abrasion testing-on the basis of bitumen emulsions produced from both distilled and oxidized bitumen, using various emulsifiers and both hydrochloric and orthophosphoric acids, are presented in the article. Advantages of using slurry-surfacing mixes based on emulsion produced with orthophosphoric acid and Redicote C-320Е emulsifier were proved. Such a system either minimizes or eliminates in its composition the use of the mixture decomposition regulator and reduces the content of Portland cement. The application of such a system makes it possible to produce slurry surfacing mix on the basis of low acid oxidized bitumen made from light petroleum and rock material through the criterion of the total surface activity determined by methylene blue with high rates of mix curing, and consequently the transport rapid start on the arranged thinlayer coating. Besides, the wet track abrasion indices of this system are substantially lower than in traditional system on oxidized bitumen, and even lower in comparison with the system on distilled bitumen.

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 2020

Proceedings of CEE 2019, 2019

In the present scientific work there is done the comparative analysis of two Slurry Surfacing mix... more In the present scientific work there is done the comparative analysis of two Slurry Surfacing mixessystems on orthophosphoric and hydrochloric acids. It was determined that application of orthophosphoric acid for preparation of bitumen emulsion on oxidized bitumen leads to the substantial improvement of cohesion strength build-up ratein comparison with identical system on hydrochloric acid. So as to receive the similar indices of cohesion strength buildupthe orthophosphoric-acid-based system allows using less amount of bitumen emulsion than required amount for the system on hydrochloric acid. The results received witness about the different natures of breakage and cohesion strength build-up rate for systems on hydrochloric and phosphoric acids. As a confirmation of this fact there can be considered the possibility of using (in the systems with orthophosphoric acid) the aggregates which by methylene blue criterion are unsuitable for such technologies. The orthophosphoric-acid-based Slurry Surfacing mix systems' properties obtained allow forecasting the substantial advantages of using these mixes at limit-permissible (for bitumen-emulsion technologies) ambient temperatures.

Theory and Building Practice, 2021

The possibility of modification of oxidized petroleum bitumen 70/100 produced by JSC "Ukrtat... more The possibility of modification of oxidized petroleum bitumen 70/100 produced by JSC "Ukrtatnafta" (Kremenchuk, Ukraine) with maleic anhydride was studied. The influence of maleic anhydride amount, process duration, and temperature on the main physical and mechanical characteristics of modified bitumen was studied. The optimal amount of maleic anhydride introduction to bitumen was established. It is found that 2 wt. % maleic anhydride allows to increase the softening temperature of the modified bitumen (from 46 °C to 52 °C). Adhesion to crushed stone also increases (from 2.5 points to 4.5 points) and other indicators improve. Sufficient time to modify the bitumen with maleic anhydride was 30 minutes. The optimum modification temperature for obtaining the modified bitumen with maleic anhydride is 130 °C. Increasing the temperature of the modification has a negative effect on the final physical and mechanical properties of the binder.

Theory and Building Practice, 2020

In this article the cationic bitumen emulsions are characterized-as popular binder for various ro... more In this article the cationic bitumen emulsions are characterized-as popular binder for various road emulsions. There are considered the specific features of cationic bitumen road emulsions' formulations. There are presented the functions and specificities of the acids application in cationic bitumen road emulsions. The literary review is presented on potentialities of ortho-phosphoric acids application instead of the traditional hydrochloric acid. Chemical peculiarities of application are presented (as well as advantages and drawbacks of application)-for both the traditional hydrochloric acid and forward-looking ortho-phosphoric acid. As the advantages of ortho-phosphoric acid application for cationic bitumen road emulsions one can mention: simple replacement of acid in soap solution preparation, less corrosive acid, higher pH emulsions, acid is easier to store, fewer fumes, not regulated in some countries, unlike hydrochloric acid. The potentialities are considered for application of ortho-phosphoric acid, as an effective component of cationic bitumen emulsion for application in various bitumen emulsion technologies, including the technologies for making protective slurry road pavements, among which the most widespread application was found by ortho-phosphoric acid in special fast-setting Slurry Surfacing systems, which possess a number of advantages over the same systems based on hydrochloric acid. The main of those advantages are as follows: such application eliminates the need for acid dopes in bitumen, provides a quick-traffic slurry system that works in cooler temperatures and at night, no need to change the usual latex or SBS grades, can use normal break retarders, mix controllable with cement in the field.

Proceedings of CEE 2019, 2019

The chemical modification of oxidized bitumen BND 70/100 by formaldehyde, or rather its aqueous s... more The chemical modification of oxidized bitumen BND 70/100 by formaldehyde, or rather its aqueous solution, formalin, was carried out for use in hot asphalt pavement technologies. The chemical modification conditions of bituminous binder by formaldehyde are given. There is shown considerably increases of the heat capacity (softening point) and adhesion properties (adhesion to glass) in the chemical modification process of oxidized bitumen by formaldehyde. The adhesion determining methods of binder with granite crushed stone and glass plates as variants of adhesive ability estimation of bitumen are given. It has been established that the modification by formalin in the amount of 10% by weight dramatically reduces the bitumen viscosity, so it showed necessary to carefully monitor the source bitumen and formalin ratio content during the modification. A hot dense fine-grained asphalt mix was selected. The influence of modified bitumen on physical and mechanical properties of asphalt concr...

We managed increasing properties of road bitumen and asphalt concrete based on it with help of mo... more We managed increasing properties of road bitumen and asphalt concrete based on it with help of modification of road bitumen by epoxy compounds based on renewable raw materials, namely by epoxide of rapeseed oil (ЕRО). Physical-mechanical properties of initial and ERO modified bitumens and asphalts were researched and analyzed. Also was made a comparison of obtained results with similar indexes for trade additives for road bitumen, namely with wax and polymer modifier of SBS type.

Chemistry & Chemical Technology, 2021

The possibility of petroleum residues (tar and oxidized bitumen) modification with formaldehyde (... more The possibility of petroleum residues (tar and oxidized bitumen) modification with formaldehyde (37 % aqueous solution) has been studied at the temperature of 393±3 K for 3 h in the presence of organic solvent and using hydrochloric acid as a catalyst. Toluene, p-xylene, naphta solvent and n-octane were used as the solvents in the amount of 0–40 wt % relative to the initial material. By means of IR spectroscopy the resin-like compounds affecting the operational properties of petroleum residues have been detected. These compounds are formed as a result of formaldehyde reaction with residue components and solvent molecules.

Based upon the generalization of experimental research, the process flow scheme has been suggeste... more Based upon the generalization of experimental research, the process flow scheme has been suggested and material and heat balances of the oxidative desulphurization process of Ukrainian high-sulphur lignite have been calculated. The use of such a technology as of the 1 st stage of coal burning at heat power plant will make it possible to utilize more than 50% of lignite sulphur as concentrated hydrogen sulphide or marketable elemental sulphur and by this decrease the environment pollution with sulphur oxide at least by 53-56%. The thermal destruction product of the organic part of coal (resin), which is obtained in the process, comprises not more than 2% of sulphur mass and may be used as a component of fuel oil.

Resins were synthesized via phenol polycondensation with formaldehyde from the coal coking byprod... more Resins were synthesized via phenol polycondensation with formaldehyde from the coal coking byproduct, phenol fraction namely. Phenol-cresol-formaldehyde resins were obtained from the fractions b.b.–185 °C (PhCFR- 1) and “raw” phenol obtained from the fraction b.b.–185 °C (PhCFR-2). It was established that the resulting resins may be used as modifiers of road bitumen.

Journal of Coal Chemistry, 2020

The main reasons and ways of bitumen modification by polymers were examined. Positive and negativ... more The main reasons and ways of bitumen modification by polymers were examined. Positive and negative aspects of the usage of different polymer modifiers (elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers, reactive polymers, thermoplastics) were analysed. The authors’ achievements concerning modification of bitumen by various polymers, namely indene-coumarone, petroleum, phenol-formaldehyde and epoxy resins, were described.

Petroleum Science and Technology

Coatings

A literature review of the five main theories describing the interaction mechanisms in the bitume... more A literature review of the five main theories describing the interaction mechanisms in the bitumen/aggregate system was conducted: theory of weak boundary layers, mechanical theory, electrostatic theory, chemical bonding theory, and thermodynamic theory (adsorption theory). The adhesion assessment methods in the bitumen/aggregate system are described, which can be divided into three main groups: determination of adhesion forces for bitumen with different materials, determination of bitumen resistance to the exfoliating action of water with different materials, and determination of adhesion as a fundamental value (contact angle measurements, interfacial fracture energy, adsorption capacity and others). It is proposed to evaluate the quality of adhesive interaction in the bitumen/aggregate system in two stages. The authors recommend using the adhesion determination methods for these two stages from the second group of methods the determination of bitumen resistance to the exfoliating ...

Materials

The process of chemical modification of tar and oxidized bitumen with formalin (a 37% aqueous sol... more The process of chemical modification of tar and oxidized bitumen with formalin (a 37% aqueous solution of formaldehyde) in a hermetic container was investigated and the effectiveness of the proposed process was proven. It is shown that the most effective raw material for the process is tar, not oxidized bitumen. The expediency and impact of using different types of solvents (toluene, p-xylene and petroleum solvent, and n-octane) in the modification process were studied. It was established that the solvent should be used in the modification of oxidized bitumens, not tars. The low efficiency of the process of tar modification with formaldehyde without the use of a catalyst was proven, and it was shown that the most active catalyst in the process is sulfuric acid. The influence and optimal values of the main factors controlling the process of chemical modification of tar with formaldehyde were established, namely temperature, duration, and content of the modifier—formaldehyde. On the b...

Selected aspects of providing the chemmotological reliability of the engineering, 2019

These countries account for 68.5 % of world bitumen production. Ukraine occupies only 53 place-0.... more These countries account for 68.5 % of world bitumen production. Ukraine occupies only 53 place-0.123 mln.tons (0.1 %). The largest exporters of bitumen are [2]: South Korea-2.264 mln.tons (11.5 %); Iran-2.

Epoxy modification of bituminous binders is recognized as an effective technology for changing th... more Epoxy modification of bituminous binders is recognized as an effective technology for changing the physical and mechanical properties of asphalt concrete. It allows you to design durable road structures. However, the physical and mechanical properties of epoxy asphalt systems are still insufficiently studied. In this work, attention is paid to the study of physical and mechanical properties of bituminous binders in the process of modification of their ecological (green) epoxy compounds on the basis of cheap and available renewable raw materials in the presence of initiators (hardeners). For this purpose, a model of modification of road bitumens bio based epoxy rape oil is proposed. Various organic hardeners (adipic acid, formic acid, polyethylene polyamine and maleic anhydride) were used to intensify the process. It is established that such model allows to obtain bitumen with improved properties.

Materials, 2022

With the continuing growth of waste sulfur production from the petroleum industry processes, its ... more With the continuing growth of waste sulfur production from the petroleum industry processes, its utilization for the production of useful, low-cost, and environmentally beneficial materials is of primary interest. Elemental sulfur has a significant and established history in the modification of bitumen binders, while the sulfur-containing high-molecular compounds are limited in this field. Herein, we report a novel possibility to utilize the sulfur/organic copolymers obtained via the inverse vulcanization process as modifiers for bitumen binders. Synthesis and thermal characterization (TGA-DSC) of polysulfides derived from elemental sulfur (S8) and unsaturated organic species (dicyclopentadiene, styrene, and limonene) have been carried out. The performance of modified bitumen binders has been studied by several mechanical measurements (softening point, ductility, penetration at 25 °C, frass breaking point, adhesion to glass and gravel) and compared to the unmodified bitumen from the...

The main reasons and ways of bitumen modification by polymers were examined. Positive and negativ... more The main reasons and ways of bitumen modification by polymers were examined. Positive and negative aspects of the usage of different polymer modifiers (elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers, reactive polymers, thermoplastics) were analysed. The authors' achievements concerning modification of bitumen by various polymers, namely indene-coumarone, petroleum, phenol-formaldehyde and epoxy resins, were described.

Chemistry & Chemical Technology, 2020

This article is devoted to development and production (on a lab emulsion plant) of six compositio... more This article is devoted to development and production (on a lab emulsion plant) of six compositions of slow-setting bitumen emulsions for a slurry-surfacing mix. An aggregate composition for Type 1 (0-5 mm) and Type 3 (0-15 mm) slurry-surfacing mixes was determined and selected. Results of the slurry surfacing mix composition selected by the criteria of a mixture decay, cohesion strength build-up rate and material loss by wet track abrasion testing-on the basis of bitumen emulsions produced from both distilled and oxidized bitumen, using various emulsifiers and both hydrochloric and orthophosphoric acids, are presented in the article. Advantages of using slurry-surfacing mixes based on emulsion produced with orthophosphoric acid and Redicote C-320Е emulsifier were proved. Such a system either minimizes or eliminates in its composition the use of the mixture decomposition regulator and reduces the content of Portland cement. The application of such a system makes it possible to produce slurry surfacing mix on the basis of low acid oxidized bitumen made from light petroleum and rock material through the criterion of the total surface activity determined by methylene blue with high rates of mix curing, and consequently the transport rapid start on the arranged thinlayer coating. Besides, the wet track abrasion indices of this system are substantially lower than in traditional system on oxidized bitumen, and even lower in comparison with the system on distilled bitumen.

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 2020

Proceedings of CEE 2019, 2019

In the present scientific work there is done the comparative analysis of two Slurry Surfacing mix... more In the present scientific work there is done the comparative analysis of two Slurry Surfacing mixessystems on orthophosphoric and hydrochloric acids. It was determined that application of orthophosphoric acid for preparation of bitumen emulsion on oxidized bitumen leads to the substantial improvement of cohesion strength build-up ratein comparison with identical system on hydrochloric acid. So as to receive the similar indices of cohesion strength buildupthe orthophosphoric-acid-based system allows using less amount of bitumen emulsion than required amount for the system on hydrochloric acid. The results received witness about the different natures of breakage and cohesion strength build-up rate for systems on hydrochloric and phosphoric acids. As a confirmation of this fact there can be considered the possibility of using (in the systems with orthophosphoric acid) the aggregates which by methylene blue criterion are unsuitable for such technologies. The orthophosphoric-acid-based Slurry Surfacing mix systems' properties obtained allow forecasting the substantial advantages of using these mixes at limit-permissible (for bitumen-emulsion technologies) ambient temperatures.

Theory and Building Practice, 2021

The possibility of modification of oxidized petroleum bitumen 70/100 produced by JSC "Ukrtat... more The possibility of modification of oxidized petroleum bitumen 70/100 produced by JSC "Ukrtatnafta" (Kremenchuk, Ukraine) with maleic anhydride was studied. The influence of maleic anhydride amount, process duration, and temperature on the main physical and mechanical characteristics of modified bitumen was studied. The optimal amount of maleic anhydride introduction to bitumen was established. It is found that 2 wt. % maleic anhydride allows to increase the softening temperature of the modified bitumen (from 46 °C to 52 °C). Adhesion to crushed stone also increases (from 2.5 points to 4.5 points) and other indicators improve. Sufficient time to modify the bitumen with maleic anhydride was 30 minutes. The optimum modification temperature for obtaining the modified bitumen with maleic anhydride is 130 °C. Increasing the temperature of the modification has a negative effect on the final physical and mechanical properties of the binder.

Theory and Building Practice, 2020

In this article the cationic bitumen emulsions are characterized-as popular binder for various ro... more In this article the cationic bitumen emulsions are characterized-as popular binder for various road emulsions. There are considered the specific features of cationic bitumen road emulsions' formulations. There are presented the functions and specificities of the acids application in cationic bitumen road emulsions. The literary review is presented on potentialities of ortho-phosphoric acids application instead of the traditional hydrochloric acid. Chemical peculiarities of application are presented (as well as advantages and drawbacks of application)-for both the traditional hydrochloric acid and forward-looking ortho-phosphoric acid. As the advantages of ortho-phosphoric acid application for cationic bitumen road emulsions one can mention: simple replacement of acid in soap solution preparation, less corrosive acid, higher pH emulsions, acid is easier to store, fewer fumes, not regulated in some countries, unlike hydrochloric acid. The potentialities are considered for application of ortho-phosphoric acid, as an effective component of cationic bitumen emulsion for application in various bitumen emulsion technologies, including the technologies for making protective slurry road pavements, among which the most widespread application was found by ortho-phosphoric acid in special fast-setting Slurry Surfacing systems, which possess a number of advantages over the same systems based on hydrochloric acid. The main of those advantages are as follows: such application eliminates the need for acid dopes in bitumen, provides a quick-traffic slurry system that works in cooler temperatures and at night, no need to change the usual latex or SBS grades, can use normal break retarders, mix controllable with cement in the field.

Proceedings of CEE 2019, 2019

The chemical modification of oxidized bitumen BND 70/100 by formaldehyde, or rather its aqueous s... more The chemical modification of oxidized bitumen BND 70/100 by formaldehyde, or rather its aqueous solution, formalin, was carried out for use in hot asphalt pavement technologies. The chemical modification conditions of bituminous binder by formaldehyde are given. There is shown considerably increases of the heat capacity (softening point) and adhesion properties (adhesion to glass) in the chemical modification process of oxidized bitumen by formaldehyde. The adhesion determining methods of binder with granite crushed stone and glass plates as variants of adhesive ability estimation of bitumen are given. It has been established that the modification by formalin in the amount of 10% by weight dramatically reduces the bitumen viscosity, so it showed necessary to carefully monitor the source bitumen and formalin ratio content during the modification. A hot dense fine-grained asphalt mix was selected. The influence of modified bitumen on physical and mechanical properties of asphalt concr...

We managed increasing properties of road bitumen and asphalt concrete based on it with help of mo... more We managed increasing properties of road bitumen and asphalt concrete based on it with help of modification of road bitumen by epoxy compounds based on renewable raw materials, namely by epoxide of rapeseed oil (ЕRО). Physical-mechanical properties of initial and ERO modified bitumens and asphalts were researched and analyzed. Also was made a comparison of obtained results with similar indexes for trade additives for road bitumen, namely with wax and polymer modifier of SBS type.

Chemistry & Chemical Technology, 2021

The possibility of petroleum residues (tar and oxidized bitumen) modification with formaldehyde (... more The possibility of petroleum residues (tar and oxidized bitumen) modification with formaldehyde (37 % aqueous solution) has been studied at the temperature of 393±3 K for 3 h in the presence of organic solvent and using hydrochloric acid as a catalyst. Toluene, p-xylene, naphta solvent and n-octane were used as the solvents in the amount of 0–40 wt % relative to the initial material. By means of IR spectroscopy the resin-like compounds affecting the operational properties of petroleum residues have been detected. These compounds are formed as a result of formaldehyde reaction with residue components and solvent molecules.

Based upon the generalization of experimental research, the process flow scheme has been suggeste... more Based upon the generalization of experimental research, the process flow scheme has been suggested and material and heat balances of the oxidative desulphurization process of Ukrainian high-sulphur lignite have been calculated. The use of such a technology as of the 1 st stage of coal burning at heat power plant will make it possible to utilize more than 50% of lignite sulphur as concentrated hydrogen sulphide or marketable elemental sulphur and by this decrease the environment pollution with sulphur oxide at least by 53-56%. The thermal destruction product of the organic part of coal (resin), which is obtained in the process, comprises not more than 2% of sulphur mass and may be used as a component of fuel oil.

Resins were synthesized via phenol polycondensation with formaldehyde from the coal coking byprod... more Resins were synthesized via phenol polycondensation with formaldehyde from the coal coking byproduct, phenol fraction namely. Phenol-cresol-formaldehyde resins were obtained from the fractions b.b.–185 °C (PhCFR- 1) and “raw” phenol obtained from the fraction b.b.–185 °C (PhCFR-2). It was established that the resulting resins may be used as modifiers of road bitumen.