Vrinda sharma - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Vrinda sharma

International Journal of Progressive Research in Science and Engineering, Apr 8, 2021

Since the beginning of human civilization, medicinal plants has been used by mankind for its ther... more Since the beginning of human civilization, medicinal plants has been used by mankind for its therapeutic value. Nature has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands of years and an impressive number of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources. Extraction (as the term is pharmaceutically used) is the separation of medicinally active portions of plant (and animal) tissues using selective solvents through standard procedures. The products so obtained from plants are relatively complex mixtures of metabolites, in liquid or semisolid state or in dry powder form after removing the solvent, and are intended for oral or external use. In this study Phytochemical testing of the medicinal plants have been done. The objective here is to do a qualitative and quantitative analysis of plant extracts and to determine the antibacterial properties of the same. Plants used are, Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna), Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi), Gokhru (Tribuls terristris).

Transactions on Maritime Science, 2021

Aim: The main objective of this paper is to explore the volatility of ship demolition indices. Sh... more Aim: The main objective of this paper is to explore the volatility of ship demolition indices. Ship demolition indices are becoming increasingly important owing to the growing number of norms and rules imposed by the International Maritime Organization. Financial crunch and stricter emission norms are forcing vessel owners to consider ship demolition options. This study examines the volatility of ship demolition rates of the Baltic Demolition Index and the causal relationship between the Chinese and Indian subcontinent indices. Methods: EGARCH models have been used to explore the volatility and asymmetric effects in the time series. The relationship between the two indices was established using the Granger causality test. Results and conclusion: The final analysis confirmed that ship demolition indices are both volatile and asymmetric. This study is unique and useful to ship owners, vessel operators, and banks as it helps them understand the risks involved.

International Journal of Progressive Research in Science and Engineering, Mar 31, 2021

Anthocephalus cadamba is a medium sized tree, belonging to family Rubiaceae, is found all over In... more Anthocephalus cadamba is a medium sized tree, belonging to family Rubiaceae, is found all over India. It is crucially significant as it has the largest number of phytochemicals and secondary metabolites having pharmacological and biological properties. The roots, leaves, fruit and bark of the plant is employed as ethno-drug for various health benefits. The aim of this study was to perform the radical scavengenging activity along with invitro cytotoxicity studies. Comparative analysis of phytochemicals in various extracts of A.cadamba. Leaves, fruits and bark of the plant were collected and various aqueous extracts were prepared. Extracts were screened for various phytochemicals qualitatively and quantitatively. Investigations revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavanoids, terpenoids, saponin, glycosides in various parts of the plant. Among various extracts, the total phenolic content and total flavanoids content were significantly higher in fruit extract while total alkaloid content was higher in stems extract. Results confirmed that A.cadamba (fruits, stems, leave) contains important phytochemicals-alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, flavanoids, terpenoids, phenolic content etc. which possess various biological and therapeutic activities.

Handbook on the Business of Sustainability, 2022

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2022

BACKGROUND In traditional herbal medicine, the Gymnema species has been well known for various th... more BACKGROUND In traditional herbal medicine, the Gymnema species has been well known for various therapeutic activities such as anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-arthritic, anti-hyperlipidemic, cytotoxic, and immunostimulatory activities. This review is an effort to analyse all the recent studies done to explore the anti-diabetic potential of traditional Gymnema species. Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm. is an important member of the Apocynaceae family that has been used to treat a variety of diseases, the most studied of which is diabetes. This action is mostly due to the pharmacologically active phytoconstituents present in its extract, which include gymnemic acids, triterpenoid saponin glycosides, and so on. Numerous otherGymnema species have also demonstrated a similar pharmacological action. INTRODUCTION The goal of this study is to give a critical overview of the available data on Gymnema species that are used to treat diabetes. The major goal of this study is to give up-to-date knowledge on ethnopharmacology, botany, pharmacology, and structure-activity relationships of Gymnemaspecies from 2016 to 2020, as well as potential future research. The potential of using medicinal plants for alleviating symptoms of diabetes is recently being recognized. This review aims to summarize the available data and highlight both the potential and shortcomings of using Gymnema therapeutically. This knowledge can further be used to develop more therapeutically effective drugs derived from Gymnema. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data for Gymnema species was obtained using a mix of several search terms from online databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS, and Europe PMC. Other literature surveys relevant to traditional knowledge, phytochemistry, pharmacology, or structure-activity relationship activity were also used as reference. Several methods by which Gymnema species extracts exert their effects have been investigated, and a summary of the newly discovered chemicals isolated from the plant in the previous five years has been provided. RESULTS SAR based evaluation has been carried out for a total of 27 pharmacologically active compounds belonging to three species of Gymnema genus (Gymnema sylvestre, Gymnema latifolium, and Gymnema inodorum).These compounds demonstrated the critical significance of plant medicines for diabetes management. Numerous heterocyclic compounds have anti-diabetic action and may serve as a starting point for the design and identification of new diabetes inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS This study aims to provide researchers with a better understanding of the antidiabetic potential Gymnema species, as well as an outline of prospective future developments. It was concluded after studying the evaluation done in the last 5 years that although extracts of Gymnema have shown good antidiabetic potential, further modifications in the structures could result in the development of more potent and safer compounds.

Solid Waste Policies and Strategies: Issues, Challenges and Case Studies, 2020

The Swachh Bharat Mission was started by the Prime Minister of India with a vision of clean India... more The Swachh Bharat Mission was started by the Prime Minister of India with a vision of clean India and to ensure hygiene, waste management and sanitation across the nation. Since its inception in 2014, its progress has been praise worthy. More than 91.65 million toilets have been built across the nation and 0.54 million villages, 585 districts and 27 States/UTs have been declared open defecation free. In the past one year, the pace of toilet construction has been exponential in States like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Odisha. However, many agencies have noted that the districts with ODF status and 100% toilet construction on government Web sites have a high fall back rate and a substantial amount of people not using toilets even now. A similar trend was noticed in the district of Ghaziabad in Uttar Pradesh through a survey conducted in the town. The purpose of this paper is to find whether the district of Ghaziabad is in fact, truly ODF, and if not, the reasons for the same so that a general understanding of most cities of India and their performance in the mission could be understood.

Bioorganic Chemistry, 2021

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D) is a group of genetically heterogeneous metabolic disorders whose ... more Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D) is a group of genetically heterogeneous metabolic disorders whose frequency has gradually risen worldwide. Diabetes mellitus Type 2 (T2D) has started to achieve a pandemic level, and it is estimated that within the next decade, cases of diabetes might get double due to increase in aging population. Diabetes is rightly called the 'silent killer' because it has emerged to be one of the major causes, leading to renal failure, loss of vision; besides cardiac arrest in India. Thus, a clinical requirement for the oral drug molecules monitoring glucose homeostasis appears to be unmet. GPR119 agonist, a family of G-protein coupled receptors, usually noticed in β-cells of pancreatic as well as intestinal L cells, drew considerable interest for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). GPR119 monitors physiological mechanisms that enhance homeostasis of glucose, such as glucose-like peptide-1, gastrointestinal incretin hormone levels, pancreatic beta cell-dependent insulin secretion and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP). In this manuscript, we have reviewed the work done in the last five years (2015-2020) which gives an approach to design, synthesize, evaluate and study the structural activity relationship of novel GPR119 agonist-based lead compounds. Our article would help the researchers and guide their endeavours in the direction of strategy and development of innovative, effective GPR119 agonist-based compounds for the management of diabetes mellitus type 2.

Paramolars are relatively uncommon supernumerary molars. Limited cases of bilateral maxillary or ... more Paramolars are relatively uncommon supernumerary molars. Limited cases of bilateral maxillary or mandibular paramolars have been reported. This case report describes bilateral maxillary premolars and their management in a 15-year-old girl, whose chief complaint was food lodgment in these regions. After a diagnosis of bilateral maxillary premolars was made and confirmed by orthopantomogram, both of the paramolars were extracted.

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 2021

Cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by an abnormal and uncontrolled division of the c... more Cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by an abnormal and uncontrolled division of the cells leading to tumors that invade the adjacent normal tissues. After cardiovascular diseases, it is the second most prevalent disease accounting for one in every six deaths worldwide. This alarming rate thus, demands an urgent need to investigate more effective drugs to combat the said disease. Oxygen and nitrogen-based heterocyclic compounds have shown remarkable therapeutic activity towards several diseases, including cancer. In this review, we have attempted to summarize the work done in the last decade (2009-2019), highlighting the anticancer activity of pyrido fused fivemembered heterocyclic ring derivatives. Additionally, we have focused on seven heterocyclic pyridine fused rings: Imidazopyridine, Triazolopyridine, Pyrrolopyridine, Pyrazolopyridines, Thienopyridine, and Isoxazolopyridine. A total of forty-nine compounds have been studied based on their invitro cytotoxic activity a...

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2020

The over expression of EGFR has been recognized as the driver mechanism in the occurrence and pro... more The over expression of EGFR has been recognized as the driver mechanism in the occurrence and progression of carcinomas such as lung cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, etcetera. EGFR receptor was thus established as an important target for the management of solid tumors. The occurrence of resistance caused as a result of mutations in EGFR has presented a formidable challenge in the discovery of novel inhibitors of EGFR. This has resulted in the development of three generations of EGFR TKIs. Newer mutations like C797S cause failure of Osimertinib and other EGFR TKIs belonging to the third-generation caused by the development of resistance. In this review, we have summarized the work done in the last five years to overcome the limitations of currently marketed drugs, giving structural activity relationships of quinazoline-based lead compounds synthesized and tested recently. We have also highlighted the shortcomings of the currently used approaches and have provided guidance for circumventing these limitations. Our review would help medicinal chemists streamline and guide their efforts towards developing novel quinazoline-based EGFR inhibitors.

International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 2019

Introduction: Odontomas generally appear as small, solitary, or multiple radio-opaque lesions fou... more Introduction: Odontomas generally appear as small, solitary, or multiple radio-opaque lesions found on routine radiographic examinations. Traditionally, odontomas have been classified as benign odontogenic tumors and are subdivided into complex or compound odontomas morphologically. Frequently, they interfere with the eruption of the teeth. Case report: This paper describes the case of a compound odontoma in a 10-year-old boy diagnosed after extraction of the retained right primary mandibular first molar in the radiograph. A surgical excision was performed and the histopathological examination revealed a compound odontome. Conclusion: Early diagnosis of odontomas and complete removal ensures better prognosis.

Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 2018

Pediatric Emergency Care, 2019

The aim of this study was to examine the existence of racial/ethnic and language disparities in a... more The aim of this study was to examine the existence of racial/ethnic and language disparities in asthma-related emergency department (ED) initial and return visits among young children in low-income families in California. Methods: Children younger than 6 years with at least 1 asthma-related ED visit recorded in the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development data set between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2013, and on Medicaid (Medi-Cal) were assessed. Primary outcomes were hospitalization at the first asthma-related ED visit and a return asthmarelated ED visit within 12 months. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Among 47,657 children, approximately 55% were Hispanic, 20% were black, and 2.7% were Asian/Pacific Islander. For non-English-speaking families, 82% were Hispanic. Among English-speaking families, blacks were less likely to be hospitalized at the first ED visit (odds ratio [OR], 0.787; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.715-0.866) but more likely to return to the ED (OR, 1.291; 95% CI, 1.205-1.383) compared with whites. Conversely, Asian/Pacific Islanders whose primary language was English were more likely to be hospitalized (OR, 2.150; 95% CI, 1.827-2.530) compared with whites. Among families whose primary language was not English, Hispanic and Asian/Pacific Islanders are more likely to be hospitalized at the first ED visit and all groups are less likely to return to the ED compared with English-speaking whites. Conclusions: The findings suggest that racial/ethnic and language disparities exist in eventual asthma-related hospitalizations and repeat ED visits. Continued research is needed to understand the existence of these differences and to inform future comprehensive and linguistically appropriate asthma interventions for children in low-income families.

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Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry

This study aimed to quantitatively assess the levels of Scardovia wiggsiae in caries-free and ear... more This study aimed to quantitatively assess the levels of Scardovia wiggsiae in caries-free and early childhood caries (ECC)- and severe ECC (SECC)-affected children using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Forty-five children aged <71 months were randomly recruited from the Outpatient Clinic at the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry at Subharti Dental College and Hospital, Meerut, India. Fifteen children suffering from ECC, 15 with SECC, and 15 children without ECC were enrolled in the study. About 1-2 mL of unstimulated saliva was collected and subjected to microbial analysis using RT-PCR. The SECC group (n = 15) was found to have significantly higher mean relative 16s rRNA expression of S. wiggsiae (3.67) than both ECC (n = 15) and controls (n = 15) (1.69 and 0.85, respectively). S. wiggsiae was detected in 86.7% of the SECC and 60% ECC group and was detected negligibly in the control (caries free) group. The correlation of decayed, missing, or filled ...

Geophysical Research Letters, 2017

The eastern Arabian Sea (EAS) is a region of complex interplay between several spatially and temp... more The eastern Arabian Sea (EAS) is a region of complex interplay between several spatially and temporally varying oceanographic processes. Using two sets of in situ data collected from the same stations, separated by a decade, we show that warming and cooling in the EAS were linked to the long-term variability of this region. Though the warming in the southern part of EAS was consistent with the basin-wide rise in sea surface temperature in the Arabian Sea (AS), the enhanced freshening was a remote response to episodic events mediated by the strengthening of interbasin exchange between Bay of Bengal and AS through East India Coastal Current and West India Coastal Current. The increased stratification in the southern part of EAS led to the decline in the chlorophyll over the decade. In contrast, enhanced chlorophyll in the northern part of the EAS over the decade was linked to the increased wind speed.

Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry, 2017

Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is most common chronic infectious disease of childhood. Diagnosis of... more Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is most common chronic infectious disease of childhood. Diagnosis of dental caries has been limited to clinical, visual and radiographic methods but its inflammatory component remained unexplored. Hence, this study aims to evaluate salivary levels of inflammatory cytokines in children with ECC to assess their potential as non-invasive biomarkers. 50 subjects were recruited (25 ECC patients and 25 healthy children). Saliva samples were taken from all subjects and collected again from patients after rehabilitative intervention. Levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were determined using ELISA. Cytokines level were statistically correlated with each other and with DMF score along with ROC curve analysis. Salivary levels of IL-6, IL-8 & TNF-α were significantly higher in patients which got significantly reduced after rehabilitative intervention. Levels of these cytokines were significantly associated with severity of dental caries. These cytokines were correlating ...

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 2015

Cyclooxygenase-2 is a very important physiological enzyme playing key roles in various biological... more Cyclooxygenase-2 is a very important physiological enzyme playing key roles in various biological functions especially in the mechanism of pain and inflammation, among other roles, making it a molecule of high interest to the pharmaceutical community as a target. COX 2 enzyme is induced only during inflammatory processes or cancer and reflects no role in the guarding stomach lining. Thus, selective COX-2 inhibition can significantly reduce the adverse effects including GI tract damage and hepatotoxic effects of traditional NSAIDs like aspirin, ibuprofen, etc. Recent developments on COX-2 inhibitors is primarily focused on improving the selectivity index of the drug towards COX-2 along with enhancing the potency of the drug by modifying the scaffolds of Coxibs currently in the market like Celecoxib, Indomethacin, Oxaprozin, etc. We have reported the progress on new COX-2 inhibitors in the last decade (2008-2019) focussing on five heterocyclic rings-Pyrazole, Indole, Oxazole, Pyridine and Pyrrole. The addition of various moieties to these core rings and their structure-activity relationship along with their molecular modelling data have been explored in the article. This review aims to aid medicinal chemists in the design and discovery of better COX-2 inhibitors constructed on these five heterocyclic pharmacophores.

Immunological Investigations, 2009

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is classical example of antigen-driven severe autoimmune bullous skin dis... more Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is classical example of antigen-driven severe autoimmune bullous skin disorder. Auto reactive T cells are critical for the induction and regulation of antibody production. With regard to cytokine production profiles, it has been reported that qualitative as well as quantitative alterations in cytokine production can result in activation of inefficacious effector mechanisms and therefore, complex and severe impairment in immune functions. The purpose of this study was to observe the alterations in the levels of T(H)1 [Interleukin-2 (IL-2), Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)] and T(H)2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines in the sera from patients affected with PV and compared with Pemphigus foliaceus and healthy subjects. This work is aimed to comprehend the involvement of T(H)1 and T(H)2 cells as inflammatory infiltrate in the modulation of acantholysis and production of pemphigus lesions. Seventy PV, 13 PF and 50 healthy, age-matched individuals without any generalized skin diseases were included in this study. The diagnosis of PV and PF patients was confirmed by histopathology (hematoxylin and eosin) and / direct immunofluorescence. The levels of T(H)1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and T(H)2 cytokine markers (IL-4 and IL-10) were estimated by high sensitivity ELISA kits. All patients with PV and PF showed significantly (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.000) elevated levels of T(H)2 cytokines (IL-10 and IL-4) as compared with healthy controls. However, the mean concentration of T(H)1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) was significantly decreased in patients as compared to healthy individuals. Both T(H)1 and T(H)2 cytokines did not show any significant difference between PV and PF cases. Current concepts support the idea that PV, induced by autoantibodies against Dsg3, is the consequence of an imbalance between Dsg3-reactive T(H)2 and T(H)1 cells that may be critical for the maintenance of tolerance against Dsg3. Cytokine profile for confirmed PV cases showed direct evidences for involvement of T cell responses. Increase in IL-4 and IL-10 shows induction of T(H)2 cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders Pemphigus vulgaris. The decreased levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma might demonstrate the inhibitory effects by IL-4 and IL-10, which suppress the expansion of T(H)1 population.

Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 2004

Services. A viable project is only as strong as its partners; we consider ourselves fortunate to ... more Services. A viable project is only as strong as its partners; we consider ourselves fortunate to have collaborated with individuals of their caliber and talent. The dilemma inherent in public acknowledgment is the risk that we will inadvertently exclude someone from the long list of people who deserve to be thanked. We could not have collected the data, analyzed it, and written this report without the patience, tenacity, and incredible fortitude of the individuals listed below. Each served as exemplars to us during the times when we thought the mountain seemed insurmountable. A special thank you is due Mr. Willie Blackmon, Director of the Division of Youth Services, who supported this project from beginning to end. Additionally, we are indebted to the following Youth Court Judges for allowing us access to detained adolescents under their jurisdiction. Specifically,