Wageh Sobhy Darwish - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Wageh Sobhy Darwish
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2018
Many countries with incidence of malaria, including those surrounding Maputo bay, use DDT to redu... more Many countries with incidence of malaria, including those surrounding Maputo bay, use DDT to reduce mosquitoes. This study is the first to estimate the human health risk associated with consumption of marine fish from Maputo Bay contaminated with DDTs. The median for ∑DDTs was 3.8 ng/g ww (maximum 280.9 ng/g ww). The overall hazard ratio (HR) for samples was 1.5 at the 75 th percentile concentration and 28.2 at the 95 th percentile. These calculations show increased potential cancer risks due to contamination by DDTs, data which will help policy makers perform a risk-benefit analysis of DDT use in malaria control programs in the region.
Heavy metal pollution is considered a major problem worldwide. Heavy metals find their way to hum... more Heavy metal pollution is considered a major problem worldwide. Heavy metals find their way to human body mainly through diet, water and air. Shellfish represents a major source of animal-derived protein, vitamins and trace elements; however it may contribute to human exposure to heavy metals. This study was undertaken to monitor the toxic metal (lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic) residues in six shellfish namely, shrimp, crab, crayfish, clam, oyster and mussel collected from fish markets in Ismailia governorate, Egypt. Moreover, metal-metal interactions were also analyzed. Furthermore, human health risk assessment was estimated. Finally, the effect of different cooking methods on the toxic metal load in the shrimp was investigated. The results declared a clear and significant variation in the accumulation pattern of each metal in the examined shellfish. Positive correlations in the accumulation pattern of some metals were also observed in this study. High and continuous dietary int...
Journal of Food Quality and Hazards Conrol, 2018
Prevalence of Escherichia coli in the chuck, round, masseter muscles, cutting-boards, walls, an... more Prevalence of Escherichia coli in the chuck, round, masseter muscles, cutting-boards, walls, and floors were 20, 10, 30, 50, 40, and 60%, respectively. The isolated E. coli serovars showed a multidrug resistance profile. Cutting-boards, walls, and floors are possible sources for contamination of meat with E. coli.
Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 2001
We investigated roles of different forms of cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) in the metabolic activa... more We investigated roles of different forms of cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) in the metabolic activation of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and other procarcinogens to genotoxic metabolite(s) in the newly developed umu tester strains Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) OY1002/1A1, OY1002/1A2, OY1002/1B1, OY1002/2C9, OY1002/2D6, OY1002/2E1 and OY1002/3A4, which express respective human P450 enzymes and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (reductase) and bacterial O-acetyltransferase (O-AT). These strains were established by introducing two plasmids into S. typhimurium TA1535, one carrying both P450 and the reductase cDNA in a bicistronic construct under control of an IPTG-inducible double tac promoter and the other, pOA102, carrying O-AT and umuC lacZ fusion genes. Expression levels of CYP were found to range between 35 to 550 nmol/l cell culture in the strains tested. O-AT activities in different strains ranged from 52 to 125 nmol isoniazid acetylated/min/mg protein. All HCAs tested, and 2-aminoanthracene and 2-aminofluorene exhibited high genotoxicity in the OY1002/1A2 strain, and genotoxicity of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f]quinoline was detected in both the OY1002/1A1 and OY1002/1A2 strains. 3-Amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]-indole and 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]-indole were
Tilapia nilotica ( Oreochomis niloticus ) is the major fish species consumed in Egypt, particular... more Tilapia nilotica ( Oreochomis niloticus ) is the major fish species consumed in Egypt, particularly due to its high nutritive value, palatability and relatively low price compared with other kinds of fishes or red meat. In Egypt, tilapia fish is caught directly from river Nile or cultured in a specified aquaculture. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been extensively used in Egypt and many African countries in the past century for the control of the agricultural pests. A major character of OCPs is their persistent bio-accumulation in the environment, especially in the food chain, where they can get reach to humans. There is few reports had investigated the current scenario of OCPs contamination in fish in Egypt, particularly in Upper Egypt cities such as Sohag. Additionally, fish is consumed cooked in Egypt not raw like many Asian countries. Therefore, this study aimed at monitoring the residue levels of different OCPs in tilapia fish caught from Upper Egypt (Sohag) and compared ...
The Japanese journal of veterinary research, 2013
This study was undertaken to investigate the constitutive response of xenobiotic metabolizing enz... more This study was undertaken to investigate the constitutive response of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) to lead (Pb2+) exposure in cultured rat liver (H4IIE) cell lines. Phase I enzymes such as CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 had mRNA expressions that were slightly induced after exposure to low concentrations of Pb2+; however, under higher concentrations of Pb2+, the mRNA expressions of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 were significantly down-regulated. These effects were in correspondence with AhR mRNA expression. Phase II enzymes had mRNA expressions that were reduced upon exposure to Pb2+. Metallothionein mRNA expression was induced after treatment with Pb2+ in a dose-dependent trend. In conclusion, Phase I and II enzymes were significantly modulated upon lead exposure indicating some toxicological implications for lead exposure in cultured H4IIE cells.
Fish is one of the most important foods because of its high nutritional value, high palatability ... more Fish is one of the most important foods because of its high nutritional value, high palatability and easy digestion. On the same time, it acts as a vehicle for many types of pathogenic microorganisms especially Aeromonas spp., which results in public health hazards. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Aeromonas spp. in frozen fish (mackerel, herrings and fish fillets) marketed in Zagazig city, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. In addition, multiplex PCR was done to detect some virulence-associated genes in A. hydrophila isolates. Furthermore, antimicrobial susceptibility testing of A. hydrophila isolates to the commonly used antimicrobials in Egypt including cephalothin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulphamethoxazol, oxytetracycline, cloxacillin, gentamicin, kanamycin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, erythromycin, streptomycin and neomycin was conducted using the disc diffusion method. The achieved results indicated contamination of frozen fish wi...
Environmental pollution by heavy metals is a major problem worldwide. Domesticated animals such a... more Environmental pollution by heavy metals is a major problem worldwide. Domesticated animals such as cattle and camel share the same environmental conditions like human and they are exposed to heavy metals via different sources. Therefore, these animals are considered as ideal bio-indicators for human exposure to heavy metals. Heavy metals accumulate in the different tissues of the animals. Estimation of toxic metal residues such as arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in the animal edible tissues had been extensively studied. However, estimation of such toxicants in the non-edible animal byproducts had received little attention. Additionally, non-edible animal byproducts are frequently used in many industries such as animal feed additives and leather fabrication. Therefore, this study was undertaken to estimate the residual concentrations of As, Hg, Pb and Cd in the hair, hides and bones of cattle and camel slaughtered at Zagazig, Abo-Hammad and Belbies cities, Sha...
The objective of this study was to estimate the residual concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn)... more The objective of this study was to estimate the residual concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) in muscles and livers of chicken (broilers and layers), turkeys and quails marketed in Egypt. Metal-metal correlations were further analyzed. Moreover, metal’s dietary intake and health risk assessment among Egyptian consumers were calculated. Livers had higher metal residues compared with the muscles in all species examined. The ranges (µg/g ww) of the elemental concentrations in the livers of the examined bird species were 0.03-0.46 (Cu), 1.77-10.33 (Zn), 0.05-1.09 (Pb), 0.02-0.15 (Cd) and 0.13-0.99 (Hg). Such ranges (µg/g ww) in the muscle samples were 0.007-0.60 (Cu), 0.69-4.64 (Zn), 0.01-0.55 (Pb), 0.02-0.13 (Cd) and 0.11-0.94 (Hg). Correlation analysis among metals revealed both tissue-dependent and inter-species differences for the accumulation patterns of metals. The potential risk assessment of all investigated metals in poultry meats r...
The Japanese journal of veterinary research, 2012
The cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A family is involved in the elimination processes of almost 50% of com... more The cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A family is involved in the elimination processes of almost 50% of commonly used drugs. CYP3A mRNA expressions in goat and rat gastrointestinal tracts in comparison to the liver were investigated using real-time PCR. In goats, the expression of CYP3A-like mRNAs was comparatively higher in the liver than in the gastrointestinal tract. The intestinal expression of CYP3A-like mRNA showed a gradual decrease from the duodenum to the ileum. In rats, the highest CYP3A62 mRNA expression was found in the duodenum followed by the liver. This study provides insights into the contribution of CYP3A enzymes to xenobiotic metabolism, especially in small ruminants such as goats.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020
Biogenic amines (BAs) are natural toxicants produced during the metabolism of their precursor ami... more Biogenic amines (BAs) are natural toxicants produced during the metabolism of their precursor amino acids or due to the proteolytic activities of some microorganisms. The objective of this study was to estimate the formed BAs in five types of the most commonly consumed and retailed cheese in Egypt. The examined cheese types included Feta, Karish, Mozzarella, Rumy, and Mish. Besides, the total mesophilic (TMC) and total psychrophilic (TPsC) bacterial counts were investigated. Furthermore, the estimated daily intakes (EDI) of BAs via the ingestion of various types of cheese were calculated, and their potential health risks were discussed. The achieved results indicated the formation of histamine (HIS), tyramine (TYR), cadaverine (CAD), putrescine, spermine, and spermidine at different concentrations. Except for Feta cheese, all samples (100%) of other cheese types had HIS concentrations higher than the established maximum permissible limits. Mish cheese contained the highest concentra...
There is currently a world trend to reduce using of antibiotics in poultry industry and replacing... more There is currently a world trend to reduce using of antibiotics in poultry industry and replacing it by natural alternatives such as probiotics to obtain healthy and antibiotic-free chicken meat. Therefore, this study evaluated firstly the microbial status of chicken carcasses in Dakahliya Governorate, Egypt. Then, the effect of using probiotics before slaughtering by 48 hours on the microbial status of chicken carcasses was experimentally investigated. Microbiological examination in this study included general microbial indicators (Aerobic plate count, Enterobacteriaceae count and Most Probable Number of coliforms), isolation and identification of Campylobacter spp. In addition, multiplex PCR was used to detect the virulence-associated genes of Campylobacter jejuni including cdtA, cdtB and cdtC toxin-producing genes. The achieved results revealed high microbial load of both commercial and untreated chicken carcasses compared with the probiotics-treated carcasses, which showed signi...
The Republic of Zambia is rich in mineral resources, such as zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb), and mining ... more The Republic of Zambia is rich in mineral resources, such as zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb), and mining is a key industry in Zambia. A previous study of Pb pollution in Kabwe, one of the main mining areas, found that soil was contaminated with high levels of toxic metals over a substantial area. In the present study, the authors focus on toxic metal pollution in cattle, one of the most important domestic animals in Zambia. Blood samples from cattle in Kabwe and a control area (Lusaka) were tested for toxic metal content. They also measured mRNA expression of metal-responsive proteins and cytokines in white blood cells using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. In the present in vitro study, The authors cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from cattle, exposing them to Pb acetate for 24 h and analyzing mRNA expression of metal-responsive proteins and selected cytokines. Lead concentrations in cattle blood from Kabwe were significantly greater than those ...
Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology, 2018
Food served to patients at hospitals should be free from chemical contaminants such as heavy meta... more Food served to patients at hospitals should be free from chemical contaminants such as heavy metals and antibiotics. This study was taken to estimate the residual concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and arsenic (As) in raw and cooked beef and chicken served at Zagazig university hospitals, Egypt. Dietary intake and health risk assessment were calculated for the examined metals. Furthermore, antibiotic residues were screened in the collected samples using the four plate method. Oxytetracycline residues were further quantitativly estimated in the positive samples. The achieved results indicated contamination of the examined samples with metals in different percentages. The recorded concentrations were higher than the maximum permissible limits for Pb, Cd and As. Cooking did not significantly alter the load of the metals. Antibiotic residues were detected only in raw meat and chicken and disappeared after cooking. Strict control measures should be adopted to food ser...
Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 2019
Camel and sheep meats are considered major sources of animal-derived protein, vitamins and minera... more Camel and sheep meats are considered major sources of animal-derived protein, vitamins and minerals in certain parts of the world such as Arabian Peninsula, India and Middle East countries. Despite these health benefits, the safety of sheep and camel meat may be compromised by the presence of heavy metals. The monitoring of metal concentrations is therefore important to ensure compliance with food safety regulations and consequent consumer protection. This study was undertaken to estimate the toxic metals (lead, cadmium and arsenic) and the essential trace elements (copper, zinc and iron) contents in the edible tissues (muscle, livers and kidneys) of both camel and sheep slaughtered at Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. The dietary intake and human health risk assessment of the examined metals due to consumption of these tissues by Saudi population were estimated. The results indicate that the tested metals were detected in all the tissue samples with variable concentrations. Residual concentra...
Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 2016
Salmonella is a major cause of food-borne outbreaks and infections in many countries worldwide. T... more Salmonella is a major cause of food-borne outbreaks and infections in many countries worldwide. The present work aimed to investigate the prevalence, antibiotic sensitivity and detection of virulence-associated genes in Salmonella typhimurium isolated from fish samples (tilapia, mullet and catfish) collected from Zagazig city markets, Egypt. Salmonella typhimurium was isolated only from tilapia with a percentage of 13.3%. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of Salmonella typhimurium revealed marked susceptibility to ofloxacin. Two different virulence genes (ssaP and pipB) were expressed in the isolated Salmonella typhimurium. Dipping of tilapia in liquid smoke 5% for 30 min reduced Salmonella typhimurium count by 40%. In conclusion, our results confirm contamination of tilapia by Salmonella typhimurium. Dipping of fish in liquid smoke is an efficient strategy in reducing Salmonella typhimurium load in fish.
Food Science & Nutrition, 2021
Biogenic amines (BAs) are toxicants that are produced during the proteolytic activities of some m... more Biogenic amines (BAs) are toxicants that are produced during the proteolytic activities of some microorganisms, or naturally during the metabolism of their precursor amino acids. The objective of this study was to estimate the formed BAs in six types of fish retailed in Egypt including tilapia, mullet, mackerel, sardine, herring, and tuna. In addition, total mesophilic (TMC) and total psychrophilic (TPsC) bacterial counts were investigated. Furthermore, the estimated daily intakes (EDI) of BAs via the ingestion of various types of fish in Egypt were calculated, and their potential health risks were discussed. The achieved results indicated the formation of histamine (HIS), tyramine (TYR), cadaverine (CAD), putrescine, spermine, and spermidine at different concentrations. Tilapia had the lowest concentration levels for the different BAs. In contrast, mackerel and tuna had the highest concentrations of BAs. Total biogenic amines (TBAs) showed significant positive correlations with TMC...
This study aimed to monitor the hygienic status of fresh minced meat, smoked sausage and fresh be... more This study aimed to monitor the hygienic status of fresh minced meat, smoked sausage and fresh beef burger (50 samples, each) retailed in Zagazig city, Egypt. Aerobic plate count, total Staphylococcus aureus count and most probable number of coliforms have been conducted. The prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility as well as detection of the drug resistance associated virulence genes of S. aureus ( mec A , bla Z , and aac (6') aph (2'') ) and Salmonella species ( bla TEM, tet A(A) , and flo R) in the examined meat products have been carried out. The highest mean (log 10 cfu/g) of aerobic plate counts (5.44±0.11) and most probable number (4.15±0.10-log10 MPN/g) were recorded in minced meat. However, the highest mean of S. aureus counts (3.47±0.12-log10 cfu/g) was recorded in beef burger. Aerobic plate counts, most probable number and S. aureus counts exceeded the recommendations of Egypt Organization for Standardization by (20, 4 and 16%), (14, 12 and 20%) and (50, 10 and ...
Examination of the microbial quality of meat served to patients at hospitals received little atte... more Examination of the microbial quality of meat served to patients at hospitals received little attention. Therefore, this study investigated the microbial status of meat served at hospitals in Zagazig city, Egypt. Furthermore, the effects of the implementation of hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) on the microbial status of meat were examined. Microbiological examination in this study included general microbial indicators (total aerobic plate count and most probable number of coliforms), isolation and identification of specific food-poisoning microorganisms including Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus. Due to the lack of the available information about the virulence of the isolated pathogens and their multidrug resistance profile in Egypt, multiplex PCR was used to detect the virulence-associated genes of Escherichia coli including shiga toxin, shiga toxin 2 and intimin in addition to invasive and hyper-invasive locus genes of Salmonella spp. ...
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2018
Many countries with incidence of malaria, including those surrounding Maputo bay, use DDT to redu... more Many countries with incidence of malaria, including those surrounding Maputo bay, use DDT to reduce mosquitoes. This study is the first to estimate the human health risk associated with consumption of marine fish from Maputo Bay contaminated with DDTs. The median for ∑DDTs was 3.8 ng/g ww (maximum 280.9 ng/g ww). The overall hazard ratio (HR) for samples was 1.5 at the 75 th percentile concentration and 28.2 at the 95 th percentile. These calculations show increased potential cancer risks due to contamination by DDTs, data which will help policy makers perform a risk-benefit analysis of DDT use in malaria control programs in the region.
Heavy metal pollution is considered a major problem worldwide. Heavy metals find their way to hum... more Heavy metal pollution is considered a major problem worldwide. Heavy metals find their way to human body mainly through diet, water and air. Shellfish represents a major source of animal-derived protein, vitamins and trace elements; however it may contribute to human exposure to heavy metals. This study was undertaken to monitor the toxic metal (lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic) residues in six shellfish namely, shrimp, crab, crayfish, clam, oyster and mussel collected from fish markets in Ismailia governorate, Egypt. Moreover, metal-metal interactions were also analyzed. Furthermore, human health risk assessment was estimated. Finally, the effect of different cooking methods on the toxic metal load in the shrimp was investigated. The results declared a clear and significant variation in the accumulation pattern of each metal in the examined shellfish. Positive correlations in the accumulation pattern of some metals were also observed in this study. High and continuous dietary int...
Journal of Food Quality and Hazards Conrol, 2018
Prevalence of Escherichia coli in the chuck, round, masseter muscles, cutting-boards, walls, an... more Prevalence of Escherichia coli in the chuck, round, masseter muscles, cutting-boards, walls, and floors were 20, 10, 30, 50, 40, and 60%, respectively. The isolated E. coli serovars showed a multidrug resistance profile. Cutting-boards, walls, and floors are possible sources for contamination of meat with E. coli.
Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 2001
We investigated roles of different forms of cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) in the metabolic activa... more We investigated roles of different forms of cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) in the metabolic activation of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and other procarcinogens to genotoxic metabolite(s) in the newly developed umu tester strains Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) OY1002/1A1, OY1002/1A2, OY1002/1B1, OY1002/2C9, OY1002/2D6, OY1002/2E1 and OY1002/3A4, which express respective human P450 enzymes and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (reductase) and bacterial O-acetyltransferase (O-AT). These strains were established by introducing two plasmids into S. typhimurium TA1535, one carrying both P450 and the reductase cDNA in a bicistronic construct under control of an IPTG-inducible double tac promoter and the other, pOA102, carrying O-AT and umuC lacZ fusion genes. Expression levels of CYP were found to range between 35 to 550 nmol/l cell culture in the strains tested. O-AT activities in different strains ranged from 52 to 125 nmol isoniazid acetylated/min/mg protein. All HCAs tested, and 2-aminoanthracene and 2-aminofluorene exhibited high genotoxicity in the OY1002/1A2 strain, and genotoxicity of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f]quinoline was detected in both the OY1002/1A1 and OY1002/1A2 strains. 3-Amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]-indole and 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]-indole were
Tilapia nilotica ( Oreochomis niloticus ) is the major fish species consumed in Egypt, particular... more Tilapia nilotica ( Oreochomis niloticus ) is the major fish species consumed in Egypt, particularly due to its high nutritive value, palatability and relatively low price compared with other kinds of fishes or red meat. In Egypt, tilapia fish is caught directly from river Nile or cultured in a specified aquaculture. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been extensively used in Egypt and many African countries in the past century for the control of the agricultural pests. A major character of OCPs is their persistent bio-accumulation in the environment, especially in the food chain, where they can get reach to humans. There is few reports had investigated the current scenario of OCPs contamination in fish in Egypt, particularly in Upper Egypt cities such as Sohag. Additionally, fish is consumed cooked in Egypt not raw like many Asian countries. Therefore, this study aimed at monitoring the residue levels of different OCPs in tilapia fish caught from Upper Egypt (Sohag) and compared ...
The Japanese journal of veterinary research, 2013
This study was undertaken to investigate the constitutive response of xenobiotic metabolizing enz... more This study was undertaken to investigate the constitutive response of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) to lead (Pb2+) exposure in cultured rat liver (H4IIE) cell lines. Phase I enzymes such as CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 had mRNA expressions that were slightly induced after exposure to low concentrations of Pb2+; however, under higher concentrations of Pb2+, the mRNA expressions of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 were significantly down-regulated. These effects were in correspondence with AhR mRNA expression. Phase II enzymes had mRNA expressions that were reduced upon exposure to Pb2+. Metallothionein mRNA expression was induced after treatment with Pb2+ in a dose-dependent trend. In conclusion, Phase I and II enzymes were significantly modulated upon lead exposure indicating some toxicological implications for lead exposure in cultured H4IIE cells.
Fish is one of the most important foods because of its high nutritional value, high palatability ... more Fish is one of the most important foods because of its high nutritional value, high palatability and easy digestion. On the same time, it acts as a vehicle for many types of pathogenic microorganisms especially Aeromonas spp., which results in public health hazards. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Aeromonas spp. in frozen fish (mackerel, herrings and fish fillets) marketed in Zagazig city, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. In addition, multiplex PCR was done to detect some virulence-associated genes in A. hydrophila isolates. Furthermore, antimicrobial susceptibility testing of A. hydrophila isolates to the commonly used antimicrobials in Egypt including cephalothin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulphamethoxazol, oxytetracycline, cloxacillin, gentamicin, kanamycin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, erythromycin, streptomycin and neomycin was conducted using the disc diffusion method. The achieved results indicated contamination of frozen fish wi...
Environmental pollution by heavy metals is a major problem worldwide. Domesticated animals such a... more Environmental pollution by heavy metals is a major problem worldwide. Domesticated animals such as cattle and camel share the same environmental conditions like human and they are exposed to heavy metals via different sources. Therefore, these animals are considered as ideal bio-indicators for human exposure to heavy metals. Heavy metals accumulate in the different tissues of the animals. Estimation of toxic metal residues such as arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in the animal edible tissues had been extensively studied. However, estimation of such toxicants in the non-edible animal byproducts had received little attention. Additionally, non-edible animal byproducts are frequently used in many industries such as animal feed additives and leather fabrication. Therefore, this study was undertaken to estimate the residual concentrations of As, Hg, Pb and Cd in the hair, hides and bones of cattle and camel slaughtered at Zagazig, Abo-Hammad and Belbies cities, Sha...
The objective of this study was to estimate the residual concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn)... more The objective of this study was to estimate the residual concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) in muscles and livers of chicken (broilers and layers), turkeys and quails marketed in Egypt. Metal-metal correlations were further analyzed. Moreover, metal’s dietary intake and health risk assessment among Egyptian consumers were calculated. Livers had higher metal residues compared with the muscles in all species examined. The ranges (µg/g ww) of the elemental concentrations in the livers of the examined bird species were 0.03-0.46 (Cu), 1.77-10.33 (Zn), 0.05-1.09 (Pb), 0.02-0.15 (Cd) and 0.13-0.99 (Hg). Such ranges (µg/g ww) in the muscle samples were 0.007-0.60 (Cu), 0.69-4.64 (Zn), 0.01-0.55 (Pb), 0.02-0.13 (Cd) and 0.11-0.94 (Hg). Correlation analysis among metals revealed both tissue-dependent and inter-species differences for the accumulation patterns of metals. The potential risk assessment of all investigated metals in poultry meats r...
The Japanese journal of veterinary research, 2012
The cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A family is involved in the elimination processes of almost 50% of com... more The cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A family is involved in the elimination processes of almost 50% of commonly used drugs. CYP3A mRNA expressions in goat and rat gastrointestinal tracts in comparison to the liver were investigated using real-time PCR. In goats, the expression of CYP3A-like mRNAs was comparatively higher in the liver than in the gastrointestinal tract. The intestinal expression of CYP3A-like mRNA showed a gradual decrease from the duodenum to the ileum. In rats, the highest CYP3A62 mRNA expression was found in the duodenum followed by the liver. This study provides insights into the contribution of CYP3A enzymes to xenobiotic metabolism, especially in small ruminants such as goats.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020
Biogenic amines (BAs) are natural toxicants produced during the metabolism of their precursor ami... more Biogenic amines (BAs) are natural toxicants produced during the metabolism of their precursor amino acids or due to the proteolytic activities of some microorganisms. The objective of this study was to estimate the formed BAs in five types of the most commonly consumed and retailed cheese in Egypt. The examined cheese types included Feta, Karish, Mozzarella, Rumy, and Mish. Besides, the total mesophilic (TMC) and total psychrophilic (TPsC) bacterial counts were investigated. Furthermore, the estimated daily intakes (EDI) of BAs via the ingestion of various types of cheese were calculated, and their potential health risks were discussed. The achieved results indicated the formation of histamine (HIS), tyramine (TYR), cadaverine (CAD), putrescine, spermine, and spermidine at different concentrations. Except for Feta cheese, all samples (100%) of other cheese types had HIS concentrations higher than the established maximum permissible limits. Mish cheese contained the highest concentra...
There is currently a world trend to reduce using of antibiotics in poultry industry and replacing... more There is currently a world trend to reduce using of antibiotics in poultry industry and replacing it by natural alternatives such as probiotics to obtain healthy and antibiotic-free chicken meat. Therefore, this study evaluated firstly the microbial status of chicken carcasses in Dakahliya Governorate, Egypt. Then, the effect of using probiotics before slaughtering by 48 hours on the microbial status of chicken carcasses was experimentally investigated. Microbiological examination in this study included general microbial indicators (Aerobic plate count, Enterobacteriaceae count and Most Probable Number of coliforms), isolation and identification of Campylobacter spp. In addition, multiplex PCR was used to detect the virulence-associated genes of Campylobacter jejuni including cdtA, cdtB and cdtC toxin-producing genes. The achieved results revealed high microbial load of both commercial and untreated chicken carcasses compared with the probiotics-treated carcasses, which showed signi...
The Republic of Zambia is rich in mineral resources, such as zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb), and mining ... more The Republic of Zambia is rich in mineral resources, such as zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb), and mining is a key industry in Zambia. A previous study of Pb pollution in Kabwe, one of the main mining areas, found that soil was contaminated with high levels of toxic metals over a substantial area. In the present study, the authors focus on toxic metal pollution in cattle, one of the most important domestic animals in Zambia. Blood samples from cattle in Kabwe and a control area (Lusaka) were tested for toxic metal content. They also measured mRNA expression of metal-responsive proteins and cytokines in white blood cells using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. In the present in vitro study, The authors cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from cattle, exposing them to Pb acetate for 24 h and analyzing mRNA expression of metal-responsive proteins and selected cytokines. Lead concentrations in cattle blood from Kabwe were significantly greater than those ...
Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology, 2018
Food served to patients at hospitals should be free from chemical contaminants such as heavy meta... more Food served to patients at hospitals should be free from chemical contaminants such as heavy metals and antibiotics. This study was taken to estimate the residual concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and arsenic (As) in raw and cooked beef and chicken served at Zagazig university hospitals, Egypt. Dietary intake and health risk assessment were calculated for the examined metals. Furthermore, antibiotic residues were screened in the collected samples using the four plate method. Oxytetracycline residues were further quantitativly estimated in the positive samples. The achieved results indicated contamination of the examined samples with metals in different percentages. The recorded concentrations were higher than the maximum permissible limits for Pb, Cd and As. Cooking did not significantly alter the load of the metals. Antibiotic residues were detected only in raw meat and chicken and disappeared after cooking. Strict control measures should be adopted to food ser...
Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 2019
Camel and sheep meats are considered major sources of animal-derived protein, vitamins and minera... more Camel and sheep meats are considered major sources of animal-derived protein, vitamins and minerals in certain parts of the world such as Arabian Peninsula, India and Middle East countries. Despite these health benefits, the safety of sheep and camel meat may be compromised by the presence of heavy metals. The monitoring of metal concentrations is therefore important to ensure compliance with food safety regulations and consequent consumer protection. This study was undertaken to estimate the toxic metals (lead, cadmium and arsenic) and the essential trace elements (copper, zinc and iron) contents in the edible tissues (muscle, livers and kidneys) of both camel and sheep slaughtered at Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. The dietary intake and human health risk assessment of the examined metals due to consumption of these tissues by Saudi population were estimated. The results indicate that the tested metals were detected in all the tissue samples with variable concentrations. Residual concentra...
Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 2016
Salmonella is a major cause of food-borne outbreaks and infections in many countries worldwide. T... more Salmonella is a major cause of food-borne outbreaks and infections in many countries worldwide. The present work aimed to investigate the prevalence, antibiotic sensitivity and detection of virulence-associated genes in Salmonella typhimurium isolated from fish samples (tilapia, mullet and catfish) collected from Zagazig city markets, Egypt. Salmonella typhimurium was isolated only from tilapia with a percentage of 13.3%. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of Salmonella typhimurium revealed marked susceptibility to ofloxacin. Two different virulence genes (ssaP and pipB) were expressed in the isolated Salmonella typhimurium. Dipping of tilapia in liquid smoke 5% for 30 min reduced Salmonella typhimurium count by 40%. In conclusion, our results confirm contamination of tilapia by Salmonella typhimurium. Dipping of fish in liquid smoke is an efficient strategy in reducing Salmonella typhimurium load in fish.
Food Science & Nutrition, 2021
Biogenic amines (BAs) are toxicants that are produced during the proteolytic activities of some m... more Biogenic amines (BAs) are toxicants that are produced during the proteolytic activities of some microorganisms, or naturally during the metabolism of their precursor amino acids. The objective of this study was to estimate the formed BAs in six types of fish retailed in Egypt including tilapia, mullet, mackerel, sardine, herring, and tuna. In addition, total mesophilic (TMC) and total psychrophilic (TPsC) bacterial counts were investigated. Furthermore, the estimated daily intakes (EDI) of BAs via the ingestion of various types of fish in Egypt were calculated, and their potential health risks were discussed. The achieved results indicated the formation of histamine (HIS), tyramine (TYR), cadaverine (CAD), putrescine, spermine, and spermidine at different concentrations. Tilapia had the lowest concentration levels for the different BAs. In contrast, mackerel and tuna had the highest concentrations of BAs. Total biogenic amines (TBAs) showed significant positive correlations with TMC...
This study aimed to monitor the hygienic status of fresh minced meat, smoked sausage and fresh be... more This study aimed to monitor the hygienic status of fresh minced meat, smoked sausage and fresh beef burger (50 samples, each) retailed in Zagazig city, Egypt. Aerobic plate count, total Staphylococcus aureus count and most probable number of coliforms have been conducted. The prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility as well as detection of the drug resistance associated virulence genes of S. aureus ( mec A , bla Z , and aac (6') aph (2'') ) and Salmonella species ( bla TEM, tet A(A) , and flo R) in the examined meat products have been carried out. The highest mean (log 10 cfu/g) of aerobic plate counts (5.44±0.11) and most probable number (4.15±0.10-log10 MPN/g) were recorded in minced meat. However, the highest mean of S. aureus counts (3.47±0.12-log10 cfu/g) was recorded in beef burger. Aerobic plate counts, most probable number and S. aureus counts exceeded the recommendations of Egypt Organization for Standardization by (20, 4 and 16%), (14, 12 and 20%) and (50, 10 and ...
Examination of the microbial quality of meat served to patients at hospitals received little atte... more Examination of the microbial quality of meat served to patients at hospitals received little attention. Therefore, this study investigated the microbial status of meat served at hospitals in Zagazig city, Egypt. Furthermore, the effects of the implementation of hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) on the microbial status of meat were examined. Microbiological examination in this study included general microbial indicators (total aerobic plate count and most probable number of coliforms), isolation and identification of specific food-poisoning microorganisms including Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus. Due to the lack of the available information about the virulence of the isolated pathogens and their multidrug resistance profile in Egypt, multiplex PCR was used to detect the virulence-associated genes of Escherichia coli including shiga toxin, shiga toxin 2 and intimin in addition to invasive and hyper-invasive locus genes of Salmonella spp. ...