Waleed Ejaz - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Uploads
Papers by Waleed Ejaz
IEEE Systems Journal, 2016
IEEE Sensors Journal, 2016
2015 IEEE 26th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), 2015
2015 IEEE International Conference on Ubiquitous Wireless Broadband (ICUWB), 2015
2015 First International Conference on Anti-Cybercrime (ICACC), 2015
ABSTRACT Human behaviours are multifarious and myriad in nature. It is a challenging task to envi... more ABSTRACT Human behaviours are multifarious and myriad in nature. It is a challenging task to envisage and learn the human behaviour from daily routine activities. The profusion of wireless enabled mobile devices in daily life routine and advancement in pervasive computing has opened new horizons to analyse and model the contextual information. The aim of this research work is to infer the behaviour of low entropy mobile people using contextual data collected from mobile devices such as GSM location patterns (cell tower ID data) and Bluetooth proximity data. Both the GSM and Bluetooth data itself do not reveal much information about the behaviour of the users. Therefore, the challenge is to find out whether such data can infer human behaviour to understand and aid the unusual activities and routines of low entropy people such as elderly people and early stages of dementia patients. In this paper, a framework is created to analyse the contextual data for behaviour detection. There are four different steps in this framework to achieve the objective of the research work. In the first step, the contextual data is first classifies into different locations to obtain the movement patterns of the users. In the second and third step, a probability matrix and training data is obtained respectively, depending upon the user’s movement on daily and hourly basis. In the fourth step, a decision engine i.e. Neural Network (NN) and Decision Trees (DT) is used to detect the behaviour of the low entropy user. Results have shown that cell tower ID data gives behaviour of the user on high level scale for example movement patterns in GSM cells that does not help to identify any lower level activities such as attending the lecture, traveling in a bus. Whereas, Bluetooth data gives us more information about the lower level activities depending on the social relations and close proximity of other users.
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2013
The 1st IEEE Global Conference on Consumer Electronics 2012, 2012
International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 2014
Computers & Electrical Engineering, 2013
ABSTRACT The expensive satellite communication currently accessible from ships is ill equipped to... more ABSTRACT The expensive satellite communication currently accessible from ships is ill equipped to meet the needs of a growing number of seafaring Internet users. In order to provide cheap and high-speed Internet access to ships, the radio coverage of existing broadband networks can be extended through a multi-hop network that provides wireless links between neighboring ships. One of the most important issues in such networks is the appropriate choice of a routing protocol that provides efficient and reliable communication. In this paper, a maritime two-state routing protocol for a multi-hop ship network is proposed that provides efficient and reliable communication with a minimum of overhead. The maritime path loss model considered for simulations and the mobility model used in this paper represent real traffic of ships. In this paper, the proposed routing protocol is compared to the leading alternatives and simulation results are presented to quantify the performance.
Computer Communications, 2013
IEEE Systems Journal, 2016
Driven by the advent of sophisticated and ubiquitous applications, and the ever-growing need for ... more Driven by the advent of sophisticated and ubiquitous applications, and the ever-growing need for information, wireless networks are without a doubt steadily evolving into profoundly more complex and dynamic systems. The user demands are progressively rampant, while application requirements continue to expand in both range and diversity. Future wireless networks, therefore, must be equipped with the ability to handle numerous, albeit challenging requirements. Network reconfiguration, considered as a prominent network paradigm, is envisioned to play a key role in leveraging future network performance and considerably advancing current user experiences. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of reconfigurable wireless networks and an in-depth analysis of reconfiguration at all layers of the protocol stack. Such networks characteristically possess the ability to reconfigure and adapt their hardware and software components and architectures, thus enabling flexible delivery of broad services, as well as sustaining robust operation under highly dynamic conditions. The paper offers a unifying framework for research in reconfigurable wireless networks. This should provide the reader with a holistic view of concepts, methods, and strategies in reconfigurable wireless networks. Focus is given to reconfigurable systems in relatively new and emerging research areas such as cognitive radio networks, cross-layer reconfiguration and software-defined networks. In addition, modern networks have to be intelligent and capable of self-organization. Thus, this paper discusses the concept of network intelligence as a means to enable reconfiguration in highly complex and dynamic networks. Finally, the paper is supported with several examples and case studies showing the tremendous impact of reconfiguration on wireless networks.
IEEE Systems Journal, 2016
IEEE Sensors Journal, 2016
2015 IEEE 26th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), 2015
2015 IEEE International Conference on Ubiquitous Wireless Broadband (ICUWB), 2015
2015 First International Conference on Anti-Cybercrime (ICACC), 2015
ABSTRACT Human behaviours are multifarious and myriad in nature. It is a challenging task to envi... more ABSTRACT Human behaviours are multifarious and myriad in nature. It is a challenging task to envisage and learn the human behaviour from daily routine activities. The profusion of wireless enabled mobile devices in daily life routine and advancement in pervasive computing has opened new horizons to analyse and model the contextual information. The aim of this research work is to infer the behaviour of low entropy mobile people using contextual data collected from mobile devices such as GSM location patterns (cell tower ID data) and Bluetooth proximity data. Both the GSM and Bluetooth data itself do not reveal much information about the behaviour of the users. Therefore, the challenge is to find out whether such data can infer human behaviour to understand and aid the unusual activities and routines of low entropy people such as elderly people and early stages of dementia patients. In this paper, a framework is created to analyse the contextual data for behaviour detection. There are four different steps in this framework to achieve the objective of the research work. In the first step, the contextual data is first classifies into different locations to obtain the movement patterns of the users. In the second and third step, a probability matrix and training data is obtained respectively, depending upon the user’s movement on daily and hourly basis. In the fourth step, a decision engine i.e. Neural Network (NN) and Decision Trees (DT) is used to detect the behaviour of the low entropy user. Results have shown that cell tower ID data gives behaviour of the user on high level scale for example movement patterns in GSM cells that does not help to identify any lower level activities such as attending the lecture, traveling in a bus. Whereas, Bluetooth data gives us more information about the lower level activities depending on the social relations and close proximity of other users.
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2013
The 1st IEEE Global Conference on Consumer Electronics 2012, 2012
International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 2014
Computers & Electrical Engineering, 2013
ABSTRACT The expensive satellite communication currently accessible from ships is ill equipped to... more ABSTRACT The expensive satellite communication currently accessible from ships is ill equipped to meet the needs of a growing number of seafaring Internet users. In order to provide cheap and high-speed Internet access to ships, the radio coverage of existing broadband networks can be extended through a multi-hop network that provides wireless links between neighboring ships. One of the most important issues in such networks is the appropriate choice of a routing protocol that provides efficient and reliable communication. In this paper, a maritime two-state routing protocol for a multi-hop ship network is proposed that provides efficient and reliable communication with a minimum of overhead. The maritime path loss model considered for simulations and the mobility model used in this paper represent real traffic of ships. In this paper, the proposed routing protocol is compared to the leading alternatives and simulation results are presented to quantify the performance.
Computer Communications, 2013
IEEE Systems Journal, 2016
Driven by the advent of sophisticated and ubiquitous applications, and the ever-growing need for ... more Driven by the advent of sophisticated and ubiquitous applications, and the ever-growing need for information, wireless networks are without a doubt steadily evolving into profoundly more complex and dynamic systems. The user demands are progressively rampant, while application requirements continue to expand in both range and diversity. Future wireless networks, therefore, must be equipped with the ability to handle numerous, albeit challenging requirements. Network reconfiguration, considered as a prominent network paradigm, is envisioned to play a key role in leveraging future network performance and considerably advancing current user experiences. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of reconfigurable wireless networks and an in-depth analysis of reconfiguration at all layers of the protocol stack. Such networks characteristically possess the ability to reconfigure and adapt their hardware and software components and architectures, thus enabling flexible delivery of broad services, as well as sustaining robust operation under highly dynamic conditions. The paper offers a unifying framework for research in reconfigurable wireless networks. This should provide the reader with a holistic view of concepts, methods, and strategies in reconfigurable wireless networks. Focus is given to reconfigurable systems in relatively new and emerging research areas such as cognitive radio networks, cross-layer reconfiguration and software-defined networks. In addition, modern networks have to be intelligent and capable of self-organization. Thus, this paper discusses the concept of network intelligence as a means to enable reconfiguration in highly complex and dynamic networks. Finally, the paper is supported with several examples and case studies showing the tremendous impact of reconfiguration on wireless networks.
—The drastic increase in urbanization over the past few years requires sustainable, efficient, an... more —The drastic increase in urbanization over the past few years requires sustainable, efficient, and smart solutions for transportation, governance, environment, quality of life, etc. The Internet of Things (IoT) offers many sophisticated and ubiquitous applications for smart cities. The energy demand of IoT applications is increased, while the IoT devices continue to grow in both numbers and their requirements. Therefore, smart city solutions must have the ability to efficiently utilize energy and handle associated challenges. Energy management is considered as a key paradigm for the realization of complex energy systems in smart cities. In this article, we present a brief overview of energy management and challenges in smart cities. We then provide a unifying framework for energy-efficient optimization and scheduling of IoT-based smart cities. We also discuss the energy harvesting in smart cities, which is a promising solution for extending the lifetime of low power devices and its related challenges. We detail two case studies, the first one targets energy-efficient scheduling in smart homes and the second covers wireless power transfer for IoT devices in smart cities. Simulation results for case studies demonstrate the tremendous impact of energy-efficient scheduling optimization and wireless power transfer on the performance of IoT in smart cities.