Walyeldin Elfakey - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Walyeldin Elfakey

Education in Medicine Journal, Dec 29, 2016

It is a challenge to find a good time to teach a growing discipline like ophthalmology in a fully... more It is a challenge to find a good time to teach a growing discipline like ophthalmology in a fully integrated system-based curriculum. We solved this problem in Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University (FMBU). We planned to teach ophthalmology in two phases. In Phase 1, we integrated related basic and clinical ophthalmologic objectives and contents in the related basic and clinical modules. In Phase 2, we teach the main ophthalmology objectives and modules in well-structured two-week module. In this article many questions related to the themes, objectives, contents, methods of instruction and assessment methods are discussed. Students are helped with module study guide that contain all module details. Feedback is obtained from both faculty and students for reasons of evaluation and future reforms. Evaluation had pointed to some weak components like module structure according to the desired outcome from the view of the academic staff. Assessment methods were the least satisfying to the students. The most important point in evaluation of this module is the results of the progress test. This showed dramatic improvement as compared with other KSA medical schools who participated in progress test after implementation.

Khartoum Medical Journal, Aug 23, 2021

Background Communicable disease surveillance system is heavily relied upon for effective diseasec... more Background Communicable disease surveillance system is heavily relied upon for effective diseasecontrol, health decision-making and to build health strategies. This study assessed the perception andperformance of paediatric residents toward two running surveillance programs in Khartoum state, Sudan.Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among paediatric residents in KhartoumState, Sudan 2020. Data was collected through structured, self-administered questionnaire. The totalnumber of residents included in the study was 305. They were selected using “stratified random sampling”technique. Data were analyzed via Statistical Packages for Social Sciences version 23. The level ofsignificance was at p ≤ 0.05.Results Two hundred and sixty-three paediatric residents participated in the study; 56% (n=148) of theparticipants knew the correct definition of the case of a child to be included in acute flaccid paralysissurveillance program, while 38% (n=99) correctly defined the case definition of measles and rubella ofthe surveillance program. There was no significant association between attending an awareness sessionabout the programs and the knowledge of the correct case definition of the surveillance programs (p=0.357for acute flaccid paralysis surveillance and p= 0.333 for measles and rubella surveillance). In contrast,there was a statistically significant association between the level of residency of paediatric residents andthe correct perception of acute flaccid paralysis surveillance program (p=0.033), whereas, there was nosignificant association between the level of residency and correct knowledge of measles and rubellasurveillance program (p=0.363); 92.5% (n=147) of respondents who met a case of acute flaccid paralysisduring their training period, notified the case. While three quarters (n=180) of those who met a case ofmeasles during their training period did not notify the case. More than half (n=100) of them stated thatthey did not know that they should notify. Of two hundred forty-eight participants who notified about acuteflaccid paralysis or measles cases, a quarter (n=61) of them received feedback from the surveillance staffabout the results of the patients.Conclusion The study revealed the significant gap in the knowledge and practice of disease surveillanceand notification among residents particularly for the measles and rubella surveillance program, and this willimpact negatively on the health system, and impede the achievement of disease elimination. We recommendimplementing effective training courses for residents and update them regularly about disease surveillanceand notification.

MOJ Anatomy & Physiology, 2018

Beta 2-microglobulin amyloidosis is a disabling condition that affects patients undergoing long-t... more Beta 2-microglobulin amyloidosis is a disabling condition that affects patients undergoing long-term renal dialysis. It's accumulation has been shown to invade synovial membranes and osteoarticular sites causing destructive osteoarthropathies, such as carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). It involves organs like heart and tongue. This case report describes a 46-year-old Malaysian gentleman with hypertension and end stage renal failure for 14 years and on regular hemodialysis through a radiocephalic fistula. Recently, he developed bone and joints pain confined to the upper limb bilaterally, diagnosed as a renal hyper-parathyroidism. Total parathyroidectomy was done but symptoms not relieved. Pain struggle continued and the patient started to complain of bilateral hand numbness and decrease muscle power of the hands. Steal syndrome excluded and working diagnosis of CTS was made secondary to Beta 2-microglobulin amyloidosis after blood test conformation. Condition released surgically and patient regained his activity with no more pain.

Khartoum Medical Journal

Education in Medicine Journal, 2015

Introduction: Al-Baha Faculty of Medicine is adopting an integrated system-based curriculum. In t... more Introduction: Al-Baha Faculty of Medicine is adopting an integrated system-based curriculum. In the basic sciences phase, integration was direct and system-based, while very challenging in the clinical phase. To develop a fully integrated system-based clinical module, it was necessary to revisit the clinical disciplines to be tailored in one common educational medium. Methods: To develop a module on: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery (CCVS), a committee was assembled including clinical disciplines. Intended learning outcomes (ILOs) were formulated. Varieties of teaching, learning and assessment strategies were adopted. Inferences of program evaluation were obtained from students and staff through self-administered questionnaires. Results: These efforts resulted in construction of students’ study guide and approximately 20% of the content was allocated to basic sciences. The module was introduced to the fourth year students. The teaching activities consisted of 32 lectures: 32, 2...

Background Diabetic foot ulcer infection cause great morbidity and mortality among diabetic patie... more Background Diabetic foot ulcer infection cause great morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients and is a major cause of lower extremity amputation worldwide. This study aimed to determine the profile of aerobic bacteria and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns in diabetic foot infections (DFI) among different Wagner's grades. Methods This study was conducted during December 2017-March 2018 in a Diabetic Center, Sudan. A total of 152 diabetic patients with different grades of foot ulcers were randomly enrolled in the study. The patients were grouped using Wagner's classification. Tissue biopsies and deep swabs were collected from the ulcers for aerobic cultures. The cultured isolates were identified using phenotypic and biochemical properties and their sensitivity to commonly used antibiotics, Colistin, Aikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Augmentin, Ceftazideme, Gentamicin, Clindamycin, Ceftriaxone Meropenum. Cotrimoxazole, Erythomycin, Oxacillin and Vancomycin. Fusidic acid, Imepenem, and Piperacillin was tested using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Results The mean age of the patients was 54.31 (SD ± 12.1) years, male to female ratio of 8: 1. The mean duration of diabetes was 14 (SD ± 8) years. The ulcers varied in duration from 1 day to 10 years. of 152 samples 181 aerobic bacteria were isolated. Cultures yielded 1-3 isolate per culture. The maximum number was isolated from grade 3 group followed by long standing ulcer LSU group 50.8% and 28% respectively. Polymicrobial infection was higher in LSU (30.4%). The isolates were mostly Gram-negative bacteria. The most frequent were proteus spp. (35.3%), S. aureus MRSA 14.4% and Coliform 12.2% respectively. The most common isolates in grade 3 were P. Mirablis, Staphylococcus and Coliform and in long standing ulcers were P. Mirablis, S. aureus MRSA and Coagulase negative staphylococcus respectively. Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria were more prevalent and the most frequent pathogens were Proteus spp. The

MOJ Anatomy & Physiology, 2018

Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 2016

(FMBU), is a newly established medical school that implements a community-oriented and integrated... more (FMBU), is a newly established medical school that implements a community-oriented and integrated system-based curriculum which is suitable for both medical students and serving the needs of the local community. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the steps that were followed to plan, design, and implement an endocrinology and endocrine surgery module (EESM) for the fourth-year medical students, as an example of how system-based modules are designed at FMBU. Methods: Ten questions based on Harden's methodolgy were asked in order to design, plan, and implement an endocrinology and endocrine surgery module. The module committee determined the needs of the module and accordingly stated the aims and objectives of the module. The module planners selected the relevant contents, teaching methods, and assessment strategies and organized them. Results: After addressing each of the ten questions, the results indicated the need, aim, objectives, and contents for the endocrinology and endocrine surgery module at FMBU. The implementation strategies were chosen according to the SPICES model. The teaching methods and the assessment strategies were selected and arranged. The module is well communicated at all levels, and the module committee used every effort to create a productive teaching environment. The module is well managed and follows the hierarchy of FMBU. Conclusion: Implementing Harden's ten steps methodology resulted in an integrated module of endocrinology and endocrine surgery where related disciplines and systems were merged and medical and surgical endocrine topics were included.

Sudanese journal of paediatrics, 2021

The World Health Organization report in 2018 estimated 234,000 deaths due to tuberculosis (TB) in... more The World Health Organization report in 2018 estimated 234,000 deaths due to tuberculosis (TB) in children less than 15 years; 40,000 of them occurring in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children. These deaths represent 15% of all TB deaths. This study aimed to determine the clinical spectrum and outcome of childhood TB at Mohamed Alamin Hamid Pediatric Hospital TB management unit. Retrospective observational hospital-based study was conducted during January 2017-December 2018, in children aged 0-18 years who were diagnosed with TB. A total of 174 patients were enrolled in this study. The majority of patients’ ages ranged from 5 to 17 years (111, 63.8%). Most of the patients were males (92, 52.9%) and (142, 81.6%) resided in Khartoum State. Lung opacity and hailer parenchymal shadows were the common presenting features (83, 47.7%) in chest X-ray. Sputum for acid fast bacilli was positive in only 20 (11.5%) patients. Testing for HIV was negative in 41 (23.6%) patients and was not done in 133 (76.4%). A total of 107 (61.5%) children were diagnosed as having pulmonary TB; extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) was 67 (38.5%). Tuberculous lymphadenitis was the commonest type of EPTB and was diagnosed in 38 (56.7%) patients. The majority 94 (87.9%) completed their treatment and 13 (12.1%) with smear positive results were cured. Defaulters were 20 (11.5%), and 6 patients (3.4%) were retreated after default, 11 (6.3%) were transferred out, and 14 (8%) are still on treatment. Thirteen patients (7.5%) died, and the outcome of three patients was not documented.

Advances in medical education and practice, Oct 1, 2016

of tactile kinesthetic stimulation on preterm infants’

Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics, 2021

The World Health Organization report in 2018 estimated 234,000 deaths due to tuberculosis (TB) in... more The World Health Organization report in 2018 estimated 234,000 deaths due to tuberculosis (TB) in children less than 15 years; 40,000 of them occurring in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children. These deaths represent 15% of all TB deaths. This study aimed to determine the clinical spectrum and outcome of childhood TB at Mohamed Alamin Hamid Pediatric Hospital TB management unit. Retrospective observational hospital-based study was conducted during January 2017-December 2018, in children aged 0-18 years who were diagnosed with TB. A total of 174 patients were enrolled in this study. The majority of patients&amp;#39; ages ranged from 5 to 17 years (111, 63.8%). Most of the patients were males (92, 52.9%) and (142, 81.6%) resided in Khartoum State. Lung opacity and hailer parenchymal shadows were the common presenting features (83, 47.7%) in chest X-ray. Sputum for acid fast bacilli was positive in only 20 (11.5%) patients. Testing for HIV was negative in 41 (23.6%) patients and was not done in 133 (76.4%). A total of 107 (61.5%) children were diagnosed as having pulmonary TB; extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) was 67 (38.5%). Tuberculous lymphadenitis was the commonest type of EPTB and was diagnosed in 38 (56.7%) patients. The majority 94 (87.9%) completed their treatment and 13 (12.1%) with smear positive results were cured. Defaulters were 20 (11.5%), and 6 patients (3.4%) were retreated after default, 11 (6.3%) were transferred out, and 14 (8%) are still on treatment. Thirteen patients (7.5%) died, and the outcome of three patients was not documented.

Advances in medical education and practice, 2018

Learning environment might be defined as anything that can affect the learning directly or indire... more Learning environment might be defined as anything that can affect the learning directly or indirectly. During the era of accreditation and quality assurance, we are badly in need to evaluate our program strength and pick possible areas for curriculum reform. The aim of this study was to investigate the perception of medical students in the University of Bahri (UB) about the educational environment and analyze the variation of this perception with gender, level of study, type of intake, type of certificate, and accommodation. This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, UB, in Sudan during July-August 2017, enrolling 347 students. Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire was used as a survey tool for this study. Overall DREEM average score of 125.2997/200 is perceived. This score is distributed in all DREEM subclasses. Having some negative perceptions is a huge burden on policymakers, administration, and all stakeholders to re...

Journal of Contemporary Medical Education, 2017

Background: Many tools and instruments can be used for the assessment of medical students includi... more Background: Many tools and instruments can be used for the assessment of medical students including multiple choice questions (MCQs), modified essay questions (MEQs), objective structured practical examination (OSPE), problems, short answer questions (SAQs), extended matching questions (EMQs), and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). The golden rule in assessment is to use multiple methods of assessment to provide students adequate opportunities to perform well. Using variable assessment tools will allow for making use of their advantages and reduce their disadvantages as much as possible. For correlation of combinations of assessment tools, alignment between objectives and instruction should be made. Many studies demonstrated different correlation with different forms of assessment, namely, MCQs, EMQs, MEQs, OSPE, OSCE, and SAQs. The objectives of this study were to determine the correlation of the students' scores in the four assessment modalities used for the final students in pediatrics and to determine the correlation of the combined score of written assessment and the combined score of practical assessment with the composite score. Methodology: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. A correlational design was used. The scores of 219 students in four methods of assessment adopted in pediatrics were analyzed. The assessment methods were MCQs, problems, OSPE, and OSCE. SPSS version 21 was used to compute the Pearson's correlation for each of the four methods with each other and with the composite scores. Results: The Pearson's r for the combined score of MCQs and problems with the composite score of all four assessment was 0.966 while 0.971 was the Pearson's r for the combined score for OSCE and OSPE with the composite score. Pearson's r of each of the assessment methods with composite scores were determined. These were 0.924, 0.901, 0.953, and 0.824 for MCQs, problems, OSCE, and OSPE, respectively. The correlation of each of the methods of assessment with each other revealed a Pearson's r correlation ranging from 0.977 to 0.819. All the correlations were highly significant. Conclusion: Analysis of the students' scores in the four assessment methods adopted in dermatology showed highly significant correlation. Scores in the written and practical assessment were highly correlated.

Advances in medical education and practice, 2017

The number of distractors needed for high quality multiple choice questions (MCQs) will be determ... more The number of distractors needed for high quality multiple choice questions (MCQs) will be determined by many factors. These include firstly whether English language is their mother tongue or a foreign language; secondly whether the instructors who construct the questions are experts or not; thirdly the time spent on constructing the options is also an important factor. It has been observed by Tarrant et al that more time is often spent on constructing questions than on tailoring sound, reliable, and valid distractors. Firstly, to investigate the effects of reducing the number of options on psychometric properties of the item. Secondly, to determine the frequency of functioning distractors among three or four options in the MCQs examination of the dermatology course in University of Bahri, College of Medicine. This is an experimental study which was performed by means of a dermatology exam, MCQs type. Forty MCQs, with one correct answer for each question were constructed. Two sets o...

Education in Medicine Journal, 2016

Saudi medical journal, 2015

To determine the effect of 7 days tactile kinesthetic stimulation (TKS) on preterm infants' w... more To determine the effect of 7 days tactile kinesthetic stimulation (TKS) on preterm infants' weight and hospital stays in Khartoum State, Sudan. This is a quasi-experimental study, it was conducted in 4 hospitals between January and June 2013, Khartoum, Sudan, and it involved 160 preterm infants randomly assigned into the case and control groups (80 neonates in each). Preterm infants in the control group received routine nursing care, while preterm infants in the case group received TKS for 3 periods, 15 minute per day for 7 constitutive days, in addition to routine care. Data was collected using a structured self-designed and validated questionnaire, checklist, and weighting scale. Weight gain and hospital stay were compared between the 2 groups. Over the constitutive 7 days, the case group gained significantly more weight (1071gm versus 1104gm) compared with the control group (1077gm versus 1084gm) (1084.55±90.74) who gained only 6.9gm within the same 7 days without TKS treatme...

Advances in Medical Education and Practice

Aim: Students' performance in TBL compared to LBL needs to be evaluated. This study aimed to comp... more Aim: Students' performance in TBL compared to LBL needs to be evaluated. This study aimed to compare students' performance in team-based learning and traditional lectures. Methods: A total of 176 class 4 and 202 class 6 medical students from University of Bahri, Khartoum, Sudan, participated in the study during 2018. Experienced staff were selected to conduct the teaching and assessment of the two groups, using the standard team-based learning procedure (iRAT, gRAT and AppT) in the first topic and the lecture-based learning procedure in the second, within the same time limit for the two methods. Results: The two classes overall mean score has a significant 5.1 points difference (p<0.001; 95% CI: 3.5, 6.0). Separate analysis showed consistency of superiority of TBL to LBL in either gender. A remarkable difference was observed when we compared the two methods in class 6 separately from class 4. Class 6 mean score was high for both TBL and LBL (77.2 and 70.2, respectively), with a significant mean difference of 7.0 (p<0.001; 95% CI: 5.1, 8.9). In class 4, the score was lower for both methods (mean of 62.8 for TBL and 59.9 for LBL). The mean difference of 2.95 points was still significant (p<0.05; 95% CI: 0.46, 5.43). Separate multivariate linear regression for TBL and LBL showed no significant difference in performance of males and females in either method. Controlling for gender in TBL, class 4 had a mean of −14.26 points, (p<0.001; 95% CI: −12.54, −15.98) less than class 6. Similarly, in LBL, class 4 had a mean of −10.18 points (p<0.001, 95% CI: −7.02, −13.35), less than class 6. Conclusion: Students' performance using team-based learning was superior to lecturebased learning, irrespective of students' gender, noticeable among senior students.

Education in Medicine Journal, Dec 29, 2016

Khartoum Medical Journal, Aug 23, 2021

MOJ Anatomy & Physiology, 2018

Khartoum Medical Journal

Education in Medicine Journal, 2015

MOJ Anatomy & Physiology, 2018

Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 2016

Sudanese journal of paediatrics, 2021

Advances in medical education and practice, Oct 1, 2016

of tactile kinesthetic stimulation on preterm infants’

Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics, 2021

The World Health Organization report in 2018 estimated 234,000 deaths due to tuberculosis (TB) in... more The World Health Organization report in 2018 estimated 234,000 deaths due to tuberculosis (TB) in children less than 15 years; 40,000 of them occurring in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children. These deaths represent 15% of all TB deaths. This study aimed to determine the clinical spectrum and outcome of childhood TB at Mohamed Alamin Hamid Pediatric Hospital TB management unit. Retrospective observational hospital-based study was conducted during January 2017-December 2018, in children aged 0-18 years who were diagnosed with TB. A total of 174 patients were enrolled in this study. The majority of patients&amp;#39; ages ranged from 5 to 17 years (111, 63.8%). Most of the patients were males (92, 52.9%) and (142, 81.6%) resided in Khartoum State. Lung opacity and hailer parenchymal shadows were the common presenting features (83, 47.7%) in chest X-ray. Sputum for acid fast bacilli was positive in only 20 (11.5%) patients. Testing for HIV was negative in 41 (23.6%) patients and was not done in 133 (76.4%). A total of 107 (61.5%) children were diagnosed as having pulmonary TB; extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) was 67 (38.5%). Tuberculous lymphadenitis was the commonest type of EPTB and was diagnosed in 38 (56.7%) patients. The majority 94 (87.9%) completed their treatment and 13 (12.1%) with smear positive results were cured. Defaulters were 20 (11.5%), and 6 patients (3.4%) were retreated after default, 11 (6.3%) were transferred out, and 14 (8%) are still on treatment. Thirteen patients (7.5%) died, and the outcome of three patients was not documented.

Advances in medical education and practice, 2018

Journal of Contemporary Medical Education, 2017

Advances in medical education and practice, 2017

Education in Medicine Journal, 2016

Saudi medical journal, 2015

Advances in Medical Education and Practice