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Papers by Wan Syida Wan Kamarudin

Winter melon is normally consumed in fresh form as it is easily perishable upon storage.Hence, th... more Winter melon is normally consumed in fresh form as it is easily perishable upon storage.Hence, this study was conducted with the aimed to increase the shelf life of this fruit by processing into canned purees. Two treatment methods were conducted on the samples namely thermal treatment and hurdle treatment. Results from the phytochemical screening showed the presence of three phytochemicals in the WMP. Three phenolic acids were also identified by using. In physical and chemical analysis, hurdle treated (HT) WMP were found to improve the physical properties and retain the bioactive component.Sensory evaluation by quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) showed that HT WMP was most preferred by panelist. The next stage of study was conducted on the shelf life of canned WMP samples stored at different temperatures (25°C, 5°C and -20°C) for 6 months. A gradual decreased in ascorbic acid content (AAC) and total phenolic content (TPC) were observed throughout 6 months of storage period. An...

World applied sciences journal, 2012

This study investigated the antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of various part of wa... more This study investigated the antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of various part of wax gourd (Benincasa hispida) extracts. The antioxidant capacity of skin, pulp and seed of wax gourd extracts were measured by three different assays such as scavenging activity, ferric reducing activity and -arotene bleaching assays. For total phenolic content, Folin-Ciocalteau assay was used in the study. The seed extract of wax gourd showed the highest antioxidant capacity for scavenging activity, ferric reducing activity and -carotene bleaching assays and also exhibited highest total phenolic content as compared to skin and pulp extract of wax gourd. A positive correlations were obtained for parts (pulp, skin and seed) of wax gourd extracts between total phenolic content with ferric reducing activity (R = 0.874) and also with % antioxidant activity (R = 0.989). 22

This study was conducted to screen the secondary metabolites compounds including alkaloids, tanni... more This study was conducted to screen the secondary metabolites compounds including alkaloids, tannins, saponins and flavonoids as well as to determine the antioxidant activities of four types of fruit peels namely Psidium guajava (guava), Mangifera indica (Chakonan mango), Citrus sinensis (Navel orange) and Malus sylvestris (Granny Smith apple). The hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activities were investigated using three different assays such as Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), 2, 2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC). Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoids Content (TFC) were also conducted and the correlations between the antioxidant assays with TPC and TFC were evaluated. The TPC in the peels extract ranged between 204.90 to 517.00 mg GAE/g extract weight while TFC ranged between 97.48 to 177.86 mg QE/g extract weight. The FRAP, EC 50 scavenging activity and ORAC values were 18.78 to 45.36 mM TE/100g extract weight, 0.146 to 0.717 mg/ml scavenging effect and 37.54 to 60.59 µM TE/g extract weight respectively. The extract of M. indica peels appeared to be as potent as ascorbic acid with maximum inhibition of 74% at 200 ppm. M. indica peels showed highest value in all antioxidant assays and in TPC while the highest in TFC was found in M. sylvestris peels. There were strong correlations between all antioxidant assays with TPC but very weak correlations with TFC. This study suggested that the extracts of fruit peels are convenient to be use as functional ingredients in food product development as they are rich in antioxidant activities.

ABSTRACT Purpose – In this paper, we will examine the financial innovation in Islamic banking ind... more ABSTRACT Purpose – In this paper, we will examine the financial innovation in Islamic banking industry for the last forty years and would suggest for future innovation. But, first, we will discuss what does the theory of financial innovation say? Design/methodology/approach – We would suggest two hypotheses in trying to explain on the development of those theories, i.e., economic development led to financial innovation; and financial constraints. Findings – Finally, this paper will highlight, what are the missing elements in these theories. Research limitations/implications – Some scholars say that financial innovation is a must. The reasons for this innovation are many. However, the implication could be reflected by the complexity of balance sheet and the number of financial intermediaries. Practical implications – The paper includes implications for the economic development especially in financial system. Originality/value – This paper fulfils an identified need to study how brand-supportive behaviour can be enabled.

Applied Biological Chemistry, 2016

Four fruits namely Psidium guajava (seed guava), Mangifera indica var. Chakonan (Chakonan mango),... more Four fruits namely Psidium guajava (seed guava), Mangifera indica var. Chakonan (Chakonan mango), Citrus sinensis var. Navel (Navel orange) and Malus sylvestris (Granny Smith apple) were analysed before the peels were studied for their total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), in-vitro antioxidant activities using four assays including Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, Beta-carotene bleaching and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and their antibacterial activity using disc diffusion method against six bacteria. M. indica extract showed highest in TPC and TFC with 480.11 mg GAE/g and 50.37 mgQE/g respectively. In addition, M. indica peels also showed high antioxidant activity in most assays other than showing potent antibacterial inhibitor against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Overall, this study provides supportive evidence for the superiority of M. indica peels as an excel...

2012 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER), 2012

Fruit peels are the major by-product in fruit canned manufacturing and juices processing. The aqu... more Fruit peels are the major by-product in fruit canned manufacturing and juices processing. The aqueous extracts of fresh and heat-drying peels of Psidium guajava (seed guava), Mangifera indica var. Chakonan (Chakonan mango), Citrus sinensis var. Navel (Navel orange) and Malus sylvestris (Granny Smith apple) were studied for qualitative total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) as well as in-vitro antioxidant activity. Four antioxidant assays including Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), 2, 2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, Betacarotene bleaching and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) were conducted in this study. All fresh extracts possessed significantly higher values in both TPC and TFC compared to the heat-drying extracts except for C. sinensis. They also showed higher antioxidant activity in all assays. Among the fruit peels, M. indica extract exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity. There were strong correlations between all antioxidant assays with TPC but weak correlations with TFC. Overall, this study provides supportive evidence for the superiority of M. indica peel as an excellent source of natural antioxidant and the consequence of heat-drying on their biological activities.

2012 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER), 2012

ABSTRACT Winter melon is a perishable fruit, hence, the need to process it into puree is a necess... more ABSTRACT Winter melon is a perishable fruit, hence, the need to process it into puree is a necessity. The concept of thermal processing involves in canning process as the most widely used method of preserving and extending the shelf life and capable to inactivate pectinmethylesterase enzyme (PME) in fruit puree was studied. The purposes of this study are to determine the optimum temperature and time for thermal processing of winter melon puree (WMP) and to verify the optimum condition proposed by response surface methodology (RSM). Winter melon puree samples was treated at thirteen different treatment combinations of temperature (°C) and time (second). Each treatment of WMP was analysed for the percentage (%) reduction of PME, total phenolic content (TPC), percent pulp content and physicochemical analysis such as colour (absorbance), total soluble solid (°Brix) and pH. PME and TPC were the responses used in this research. For each treatment % reduction of PME ranged from 27.61-78.05 % while TPC ranged from 12.21-28.84 mg GAE/g fresh weight. The % of pulp content for each treatment of WMP varies from 51.17-63.17 %. However, there were no significance difference results in the colour, total soluble solid and pH of WMP samples. The MINITAB software version 15 used for optimization suggested three possible optimum conditions but the best desirability where the experiment was feasible at temperature 84.5 °C and time 94.1 seconds. At this optimum treatment, the predicted value of % reduction of PME was 78.87 % and TPC 20.34 mg GAE/g fresh weight. After verification at the optimum treatment, results showed that % reduction of PME was 78.12 % and TPC was 20.43 mg GAE/g fresh weight and since the difference values between predicted and verification for both responses (PME and TPC) are less than 5% meaning that the optimum condition predicted by RSM of MINITAB software version 15 can be accepted at the 5% level of significant difference. At this condition pH o- WMP was 4.76, colour absorbance 0.4124 nm, % pulp content 55.0 % and total soluble solid 1.282° Brix. All derived mathematical model for the response was found fit significantly to predict the data. This study showed that RSM does not only reduce the number of experiment to be carried out but also effective tool in determining the optimum condition of thermal treatment for WMP.

Journal of Food Science, 2014

Preliminary phytochemical and flavonoid compounds of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of 6 aromatic... more Preliminary phytochemical and flavonoid compounds of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of 6 aromatic Malaysian herbs were screened and quantified using Reverse-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC). The herbal extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activity against 10 food-borne pathogenic and food spoilage microorganisms using disk diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)/minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of herbal extracts were determined. In the phytochemical screening process, both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of P. hydropiper exhibited presence of all 7 tested phytochemical compounds. Among all herbal extracts, the aqueous P. hydropiper and E. elatior extracts demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity against 7 tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with diameter ranging from 7.0 to 18.5 mm and 6.5 to 19 mm, respectively. The MIC values for aqueous and ethanolic extracts ranged from 18.75 to 175 mg/mL and 0.391 to 200 mg/mL, respectively while the MBC/MFC values for aqueous and ethanolic extracts ranged from 25 to 200 mg/mL and 3.125 to 50 mg/mL, respectively. Major types of bioactive compounds in aqueous P. hydropiper and E. elatior extracts were identified using RP-HPLC instrument. Flavonoids found in these plants were epi-catechin, quercetin, and kaempferol. The ability of aqueous Persicaria hydropiper (L.) H. Gross and Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Sm. extracts to inhibit the growth of bacteria is an indication of its broad spectrum antimicrobial potential. Hence these herbal extracts may be used as natural preservative to improve the safety and shelf-life of food and pharmaceutical products.

Fruit peels are the major by-product in fruit canned manufacturing and juices processing. The aqu... more Fruit peels are the major by-product in fruit canned manufacturing and juices processing. The aqueous extracts of fresh and heat-drying peels of Psidium guajava (seed guava), Mangifera indica var. Chakonan (Chakonan mango), Citrus sinensis var. Navel (Navel orange) and Malus sylvestris (Granny Smith apple) were studied for qualitative total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) as well as in-vitro antioxidant activity. Four antioxidant assays including Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, Beta-carotene bleaching and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) were conducted in this study. All fresh extracts possessed significantly higher values in both TPC and TFC compared to the heat-drying extracts except for C. sinensis. They also showed higher antioxidant activity in all assays. Among the fruit peels, M. indica extract exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity. There were strong correlations betw...

World applied sciences journal, 2012

Applied Biological Chemistry, 2016

2012 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER), 2012

Journal of Food Science, 2014

Fruit peels are the major by-product in fruit canned manufacturing and juices processing. The aqu... more Fruit peels are the major by-product in fruit canned manufacturing and juices processing. The aqueous extracts of fresh and heat-drying peels of Psidium guajava (seed guava), Mangifera indica var. Chakonan (Chakonan mango), Citrus sinensis var. Navel (Navel orange) and Malus sylvestris (Granny Smith apple) were studied for qualitative total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) as well as in-vitro antioxidant activity. Four antioxidant assays including Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, Beta-carotene bleaching and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) were conducted in this study. All fresh extracts possessed significantly higher values in both TPC and TFC compared to the heat-drying extracts except for C. sinensis. They also showed higher antioxidant activity in all assays. Among the fruit peels, M. indica extract exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity. There were strong correlations betw...