Waqas Ahmad - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Waqas Ahmad

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence Methods to Estimate the Compressive Strength of Geopolymers

Gels

The depletion of natural resources and greenhouse gas emissions related to the manufacture and us... more The depletion of natural resources and greenhouse gas emissions related to the manufacture and use of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) pose serious concerns to the environment and human life. The present research focuses on using alternative binders to replace OPC. Geopolymer might be the best option because it requires waste materials enriched in aluminosilicate for its production. The research on geopolymer concrete (GPC) is growing rapidly. However, substantial effort and expenses are required to cast specimens, cures, and tests. Applying novel techniques for the said purpose is the key requirement for rapid and cost-effective research. In this research, supervised machine learning (SML) techniques, including two individual (decision tree (DT) and gene expression programming (GEP)) and two ensembled (bagging regressor (BR) and random forest (RF)) algorithms were employed to estimate the compressive strength (CS) of GPC. The validity and comparison of all the models were made using ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Predicting the Splitting Tensile Strength of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Using Individual and Ensemble Machine Learning Approaches

Crystals

The application of waste materials in concrete is gaining more popularity for sustainable develop... more The application of waste materials in concrete is gaining more popularity for sustainable development. The adaptation of this approach not only reduces the environmental risks but also fulfills the requirement of concrete material. This study used the novel algorithms of machine learning (ML) to forecast the splitting tensile strength (STS) of concrete containing recycled aggregate (RA). The gene expression programming (GEP), artificial neural network (ANN), and bagging techniques were investigated for the selected database. Results reveal that the precision level of the bagging model is more accurate toward the prediction of STS of RA-based concrete as opposed to GEP and ANN models. The high value (0.95) of the coefficient of determination (R2) and lesser values of the errors (MAE, MSE, RMSE) were a clear indication of the accurate precision of the bagging model. Moreover, the statistical checks and k-fold cross-validation method were also incorporated to confirm the validity of th...

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Research paper thumbnail of Machine Learning Prediction Models to Evaluate the Strength of Recycled Aggregate Concrete

Materials

Compressive and flexural strength are the crucial properties of a material. The strength of recyc... more Compressive and flexural strength are the crucial properties of a material. The strength of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is comparatively lower than that of natural aggregate concrete. Several factors, including the recycled aggregate replacement ratio, parent concrete strength, water–cement ratio, water absorption, density of the recycled aggregate, etc., affect the RAC’s strength. Several studies have been performed to study the impact of these factors individually. However, it is challenging to examine their combined impact on the strength of RAC through experimental investigations. Experimental studies involve casting, curing, and testing samples, for which substantial effort, price, and time are needed. For rapid and cost-effective research, it is critical to apply new methods to the stated purpose. In this research, the compressive and flexural strengths of RAC were predicted using ensemble machine learning methods, including gradient boosting and random forest. Twelve in...

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Research paper thumbnail of Plastic Waste Management Strategies and Their Environmental Aspects: A Scientometric Analysis and Comprehensive Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Plastic consumption increases with the growing population worldwide and results in increased quan... more Plastic consumption increases with the growing population worldwide and results in increased quantities of plastic waste. There are various plastic waste management strategies; however, the present management progress is not sustainable, and plastic waste dumping in landfills is still the most commonly employed strategy. Being nonbiodegradable, plastic waste dumping in landfills creates several environmental and human health problems. Numerous research studies have been conducted recently to determine safe and ecologically beneficial methods of plastic waste handling. This article performed a bibliographic analysis of the available literature on plastic waste management using a computational approach. The highly used keywords, most frequently cited papers and authors, actively participating countries, and sources of publications were analyzed during the bibliographic analysis. In addition, the various plastic waste management strategies and their environmental benefits have been dis...

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Research paper thumbnail of Statistical Power Profiling of Various Network Switches

Lahore Garrison University Research Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, 2018

In the present century there is an expansion in the use of telecommunication network services, be... more In the present century there is an expansion in the use of telecommunication network services, because many organizations and business firms do not compromise on networking services, therefore this efficiency of networking services can be achieved only if there are reliable and proficient networking components. To provide exemplary networking services it is necessary to know what are the parameters for networking components. A standout amongst the most vital parameters is the vitality utilization or energy utilization of networking components. Subsequently, there is a need for power profiling of the network switches. Power usage of different kinds of switches, under various load scenarios are tested and recorded. The tool that we have used in this research paper to measure the powerusage factor of various switches is emonpi.

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Research paper thumbnail of Performance Comparison of Real-Time Video Conferencing In MPLS and IP Networking Environment

Lahore Garrison University Research Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, 2018

Modern techniques in networking have evolved a diverse range of opportunities to resolve the chal... more Modern techniques in networking have evolved a diverse range of opportunities to resolve the challenging task of traffic engineering. With a principle focus on video conferencing that has gained popularity worldwide, we contrive to optimize video traffic by using Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) rather than conventional Internet Protocol (IP) networks. MPLS can be a promising technology for real-time applications with low network delays and efficient utilization of network resources. To substantiate this, in this paper we model certain scenarios of both IP and MPLS networks using Optimized Networking Engineering Tool (OPNET) to simulate and provide comparative performance statistics of throughput and end-to-end packet delay. We illustrate that MPLS has the ability that makes it stand out to IP by analyzing the simulation results of both networking mechanisms.

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Research paper thumbnail of Parallel Data Transmission using New Line Encoding Method

Lahore Garrison University Research Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, 2019

In our research paper, we have introduced a unique and new line code method/technique that will h... more In our research paper, we have introduced a unique and new line code method/technique that will have the capability to send two different codes in parallel or concurrently using a single line code, and this will be achieved without any major loss in the shape of the signal. In our proposed new line code, the structure of our code is based on two already well-known line codes that have been used many times in the data communication field, both of them have been combined together. We can say that our new line coding method is a hybrid encoding scheme. This line code combines the properties of already existing line code techniques. At the receiver end, we have implemented a very easy and basic separation technique that shall help us to separate the real user codes from the added line code, and this will happen without any disturbance or major loss/distortion. There will be no effect on the signal of input data.

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Research paper thumbnail of Perceived abuse in undergraduate medical students of Lahore, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study

Background: Abuse is any unwanted act which causes distress to someone either physically or menta... more Background: Abuse is any unwanted act which causes distress to someone either physically or mentally. Studies have shown that medical students from all over the world experience abuse on daily basis but such studies are lacking in Pakistan.Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was employed to conduct this study. 385 students took part in the study from all the undergraduate years at CMH Lahore Medical College, Lahore Cantonment. Questionnaire containing questions about perceived abuse and demographics were given to the students after their verbal consent.Results: 358 students formed the final sample. Male and female students equally participated in the study. 2nd and 3rd year medical students largely contributed to the study. More than 90% of the students identified themselves to have been abused at least once during their medical school. 9.7% students stated that they have never experienced any form of abuse. 11% of students experienced sexual harassment with males leading fe...

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Research paper thumbnail of Application of Advanced Machine Learning Approaches to Predict the Compressive Strength of Concrete Containing Supplementary Cementitious Materials

Materials, 2021

The casting and testing specimens for determining the mechanical properties of concrete is a time... more The casting and testing specimens for determining the mechanical properties of concrete is a time-consuming activity. This study employed supervised machine learning techniques, bagging, AdaBoost, gene expression programming, and decision tree to estimate the compressive strength of concrete containing supplementary cementitious materials (fly ash and blast furnace slag). The performance of the models was compared and assessed using the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error, mean square error, and root mean square error. The performance of the model was further validated using the k-fold cross-validation approach. Compared to the other employed approaches, the bagging model was more effective in predicting results, with an R2 value of 0.92. A sensitivity analysis was also prepared to determine the level of contribution of each parameter utilized to run the models. The use of machine learning (ML) techniques to predict the mechanical properties of concrete will be be...

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Research paper thumbnail of Design of monopole antennas for uwb applications

2017 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, 2017

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Research paper thumbnail of Computation of High-Performance Concrete Compressive Strength Using Standalone and Ensembled Machine Learning Techniques

Materials, 2021

The current trend in modern research revolves around novel techniques that can predict the charac... more The current trend in modern research revolves around novel techniques that can predict the characteristics of materials without consuming time, effort, and experimental costs. The adaptation of machine learning techniques to compute the various properties of materials is gaining more attention. This study aims to use both standalone and ensemble machine learning techniques to forecast the 28-day compressive strength of high-performance concrete. One standalone technique (support vector regression (SVR)) and two ensemble techniques (AdaBoost and random forest) were applied for this purpose. To validate the performance of each technique, coefficient of determination (R2), statistical, and k-fold cross-validation checks were used. Additionally, the contribution of input parameters towards the prediction of results was determined by applying sensitivity analysis. It was proven that all the techniques employed showed improved performance in predicting the outcomes. The random forest mode...

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Research paper thumbnail of Compact inkjet-printed broadband filtennas with triple bandnotch

2016 46th European Microwave Conference (EuMC), 2016

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Research paper thumbnail of Switchable filtennas with sharp dual bandnotch using looped resonators

2016 46th European Microwave Conference (EuMC), 2016

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Research paper thumbnail of Induced breeding of Labeo rohita through single application of Ovaprim-C at Faisalabad Hatchery, Pakistan

African Journal of Biotechnology, May 8, 2013

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Research paper thumbnail of Antimicrobial Assay and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Values of Cistanche tubulosa

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2016

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Research paper thumbnail of Standardized extract of Tinospora crispa stimulates innate and adaptive immune responses in Balb/C mice

Food Funct., 2016

Tinospora crispa extract exhibited immunostimulatory effects by promoting nitric oxide production... more Tinospora crispa extract exhibited immunostimulatory effects by promoting nitric oxide production ability, peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis, delayed type hypersensitivity, and enhancing serum immunoglobulins and serum lysozyme levels.

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Research paper thumbnail of Dual-band filtenna array for WLAN applications

Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2015

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Research paper thumbnail of Burnout and its Associated Factors in Medical Students of Lahore, Pakistan

Cureus, 2015

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Research paper thumbnail of Bankruptcy Prediction for Non-Financial Firms of Pakistan

International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting, 2015

In this study we use two models for the measuring of financial status of the non-financial firms ... more In this study we use two models for the measuring of financial status of the non-financial firms which are listed in the Karachi Stock Exchange. The Non-financial companies represent the biggest slice at the Karachi Stock Exchange. The non-financial companies of Pakistan are the total population and sample size is 25 higher and 25 lower capital companies. The technique which used in this study was Convenience sampling technique and all 50 non-financial listed companies at KSE were included to gain deeper insights into this study. The State Bank of Pakistan shows balance sheet analyses of companies, for compiling of data financial reports were used for the years 2007 to 2012. The results of the study showed that Abbas model and Altman’s Z-Score model was a effective tool for checking the financial health of non-financial companies listed at Karachi stock exchange. This study further explores that lower capital firm have more financially distressed companies as compare to high capital...

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Research paper thumbnail of A Comparative Study on Performance of Open and Close-ended Mutual Funds in Pakistan

International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting, 2015

This paper is based on the comparison of Pakistani open-ended and close-ended mutual funds perfor... more This paper is based on the comparison of Pakistani open-ended and close-ended mutual funds performance. That study focus on income, balance and equity schemes of open-ended and close-ended mutual funds. The performance of these funds evaluates using Sortino measure, Shrape measure, Treynor measure, Jenssen differtial measure and Inforamtion measure. The sample for the study consists of 73 funds from 2007 to 2012. Results show open-ended mutual funds performance is better than close-ended mutual funds. KSE (market portfolio) performance is grater over the all sample base mutual funds. Most risk adjusted funds returns are negative, which probably due to mutual fund industry set back by financial crisis during sample period.

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Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence Methods to Estimate the Compressive Strength of Geopolymers

Gels

The depletion of natural resources and greenhouse gas emissions related to the manufacture and us... more The depletion of natural resources and greenhouse gas emissions related to the manufacture and use of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) pose serious concerns to the environment and human life. The present research focuses on using alternative binders to replace OPC. Geopolymer might be the best option because it requires waste materials enriched in aluminosilicate for its production. The research on geopolymer concrete (GPC) is growing rapidly. However, substantial effort and expenses are required to cast specimens, cures, and tests. Applying novel techniques for the said purpose is the key requirement for rapid and cost-effective research. In this research, supervised machine learning (SML) techniques, including two individual (decision tree (DT) and gene expression programming (GEP)) and two ensembled (bagging regressor (BR) and random forest (RF)) algorithms were employed to estimate the compressive strength (CS) of GPC. The validity and comparison of all the models were made using ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Predicting the Splitting Tensile Strength of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Using Individual and Ensemble Machine Learning Approaches

Crystals

The application of waste materials in concrete is gaining more popularity for sustainable develop... more The application of waste materials in concrete is gaining more popularity for sustainable development. The adaptation of this approach not only reduces the environmental risks but also fulfills the requirement of concrete material. This study used the novel algorithms of machine learning (ML) to forecast the splitting tensile strength (STS) of concrete containing recycled aggregate (RA). The gene expression programming (GEP), artificial neural network (ANN), and bagging techniques were investigated for the selected database. Results reveal that the precision level of the bagging model is more accurate toward the prediction of STS of RA-based concrete as opposed to GEP and ANN models. The high value (0.95) of the coefficient of determination (R2) and lesser values of the errors (MAE, MSE, RMSE) were a clear indication of the accurate precision of the bagging model. Moreover, the statistical checks and k-fold cross-validation method were also incorporated to confirm the validity of th...

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Research paper thumbnail of Machine Learning Prediction Models to Evaluate the Strength of Recycled Aggregate Concrete

Materials

Compressive and flexural strength are the crucial properties of a material. The strength of recyc... more Compressive and flexural strength are the crucial properties of a material. The strength of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is comparatively lower than that of natural aggregate concrete. Several factors, including the recycled aggregate replacement ratio, parent concrete strength, water–cement ratio, water absorption, density of the recycled aggregate, etc., affect the RAC’s strength. Several studies have been performed to study the impact of these factors individually. However, it is challenging to examine their combined impact on the strength of RAC through experimental investigations. Experimental studies involve casting, curing, and testing samples, for which substantial effort, price, and time are needed. For rapid and cost-effective research, it is critical to apply new methods to the stated purpose. In this research, the compressive and flexural strengths of RAC were predicted using ensemble machine learning methods, including gradient boosting and random forest. Twelve in...

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Research paper thumbnail of Plastic Waste Management Strategies and Their Environmental Aspects: A Scientometric Analysis and Comprehensive Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Plastic consumption increases with the growing population worldwide and results in increased quan... more Plastic consumption increases with the growing population worldwide and results in increased quantities of plastic waste. There are various plastic waste management strategies; however, the present management progress is not sustainable, and plastic waste dumping in landfills is still the most commonly employed strategy. Being nonbiodegradable, plastic waste dumping in landfills creates several environmental and human health problems. Numerous research studies have been conducted recently to determine safe and ecologically beneficial methods of plastic waste handling. This article performed a bibliographic analysis of the available literature on plastic waste management using a computational approach. The highly used keywords, most frequently cited papers and authors, actively participating countries, and sources of publications were analyzed during the bibliographic analysis. In addition, the various plastic waste management strategies and their environmental benefits have been dis...

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Research paper thumbnail of Statistical Power Profiling of Various Network Switches

Lahore Garrison University Research Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, 2018

In the present century there is an expansion in the use of telecommunication network services, be... more In the present century there is an expansion in the use of telecommunication network services, because many organizations and business firms do not compromise on networking services, therefore this efficiency of networking services can be achieved only if there are reliable and proficient networking components. To provide exemplary networking services it is necessary to know what are the parameters for networking components. A standout amongst the most vital parameters is the vitality utilization or energy utilization of networking components. Subsequently, there is a need for power profiling of the network switches. Power usage of different kinds of switches, under various load scenarios are tested and recorded. The tool that we have used in this research paper to measure the powerusage factor of various switches is emonpi.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Performance Comparison of Real-Time Video Conferencing In MPLS and IP Networking Environment

Lahore Garrison University Research Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, 2018

Modern techniques in networking have evolved a diverse range of opportunities to resolve the chal... more Modern techniques in networking have evolved a diverse range of opportunities to resolve the challenging task of traffic engineering. With a principle focus on video conferencing that has gained popularity worldwide, we contrive to optimize video traffic by using Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) rather than conventional Internet Protocol (IP) networks. MPLS can be a promising technology for real-time applications with low network delays and efficient utilization of network resources. To substantiate this, in this paper we model certain scenarios of both IP and MPLS networks using Optimized Networking Engineering Tool (OPNET) to simulate and provide comparative performance statistics of throughput and end-to-end packet delay. We illustrate that MPLS has the ability that makes it stand out to IP by analyzing the simulation results of both networking mechanisms.

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Research paper thumbnail of Parallel Data Transmission using New Line Encoding Method

Lahore Garrison University Research Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, 2019

In our research paper, we have introduced a unique and new line code method/technique that will h... more In our research paper, we have introduced a unique and new line code method/technique that will have the capability to send two different codes in parallel or concurrently using a single line code, and this will be achieved without any major loss in the shape of the signal. In our proposed new line code, the structure of our code is based on two already well-known line codes that have been used many times in the data communication field, both of them have been combined together. We can say that our new line coding method is a hybrid encoding scheme. This line code combines the properties of already existing line code techniques. At the receiver end, we have implemented a very easy and basic separation technique that shall help us to separate the real user codes from the added line code, and this will happen without any disturbance or major loss/distortion. There will be no effect on the signal of input data.

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Research paper thumbnail of Perceived abuse in undergraduate medical students of Lahore, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study

Background: Abuse is any unwanted act which causes distress to someone either physically or menta... more Background: Abuse is any unwanted act which causes distress to someone either physically or mentally. Studies have shown that medical students from all over the world experience abuse on daily basis but such studies are lacking in Pakistan.Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was employed to conduct this study. 385 students took part in the study from all the undergraduate years at CMH Lahore Medical College, Lahore Cantonment. Questionnaire containing questions about perceived abuse and demographics were given to the students after their verbal consent.Results: 358 students formed the final sample. Male and female students equally participated in the study. 2nd and 3rd year medical students largely contributed to the study. More than 90% of the students identified themselves to have been abused at least once during their medical school. 9.7% students stated that they have never experienced any form of abuse. 11% of students experienced sexual harassment with males leading fe...

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Research paper thumbnail of Application of Advanced Machine Learning Approaches to Predict the Compressive Strength of Concrete Containing Supplementary Cementitious Materials

Materials, 2021

The casting and testing specimens for determining the mechanical properties of concrete is a time... more The casting and testing specimens for determining the mechanical properties of concrete is a time-consuming activity. This study employed supervised machine learning techniques, bagging, AdaBoost, gene expression programming, and decision tree to estimate the compressive strength of concrete containing supplementary cementitious materials (fly ash and blast furnace slag). The performance of the models was compared and assessed using the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error, mean square error, and root mean square error. The performance of the model was further validated using the k-fold cross-validation approach. Compared to the other employed approaches, the bagging model was more effective in predicting results, with an R2 value of 0.92. A sensitivity analysis was also prepared to determine the level of contribution of each parameter utilized to run the models. The use of machine learning (ML) techniques to predict the mechanical properties of concrete will be be...

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Research paper thumbnail of Design of monopole antennas for uwb applications

2017 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, 2017

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Computation of High-Performance Concrete Compressive Strength Using Standalone and Ensembled Machine Learning Techniques

Materials, 2021

The current trend in modern research revolves around novel techniques that can predict the charac... more The current trend in modern research revolves around novel techniques that can predict the characteristics of materials without consuming time, effort, and experimental costs. The adaptation of machine learning techniques to compute the various properties of materials is gaining more attention. This study aims to use both standalone and ensemble machine learning techniques to forecast the 28-day compressive strength of high-performance concrete. One standalone technique (support vector regression (SVR)) and two ensemble techniques (AdaBoost and random forest) were applied for this purpose. To validate the performance of each technique, coefficient of determination (R2), statistical, and k-fold cross-validation checks were used. Additionally, the contribution of input parameters towards the prediction of results was determined by applying sensitivity analysis. It was proven that all the techniques employed showed improved performance in predicting the outcomes. The random forest mode...

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Research paper thumbnail of Compact inkjet-printed broadband filtennas with triple bandnotch

2016 46th European Microwave Conference (EuMC), 2016

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Research paper thumbnail of Switchable filtennas with sharp dual bandnotch using looped resonators

2016 46th European Microwave Conference (EuMC), 2016

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Induced breeding of Labeo rohita through single application of Ovaprim-C at Faisalabad Hatchery, Pakistan

African Journal of Biotechnology, May 8, 2013

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Research paper thumbnail of Antimicrobial Assay and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Values of Cistanche tubulosa

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2016

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Standardized extract of Tinospora crispa stimulates innate and adaptive immune responses in Balb/C mice

Food Funct., 2016

Tinospora crispa extract exhibited immunostimulatory effects by promoting nitric oxide production... more Tinospora crispa extract exhibited immunostimulatory effects by promoting nitric oxide production ability, peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis, delayed type hypersensitivity, and enhancing serum immunoglobulins and serum lysozyme levels.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Dual-band filtenna array for WLAN applications

Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2015

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Research paper thumbnail of Burnout and its Associated Factors in Medical Students of Lahore, Pakistan

Cureus, 2015

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Bankruptcy Prediction for Non-Financial Firms of Pakistan

International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting, 2015

In this study we use two models for the measuring of financial status of the non-financial firms ... more In this study we use two models for the measuring of financial status of the non-financial firms which are listed in the Karachi Stock Exchange. The Non-financial companies represent the biggest slice at the Karachi Stock Exchange. The non-financial companies of Pakistan are the total population and sample size is 25 higher and 25 lower capital companies. The technique which used in this study was Convenience sampling technique and all 50 non-financial listed companies at KSE were included to gain deeper insights into this study. The State Bank of Pakistan shows balance sheet analyses of companies, for compiling of data financial reports were used for the years 2007 to 2012. The results of the study showed that Abbas model and Altman’s Z-Score model was a effective tool for checking the financial health of non-financial companies listed at Karachi stock exchange. This study further explores that lower capital firm have more financially distressed companies as compare to high capital...

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Research paper thumbnail of A Comparative Study on Performance of Open and Close-ended Mutual Funds in Pakistan

International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting, 2015

This paper is based on the comparison of Pakistani open-ended and close-ended mutual funds perfor... more This paper is based on the comparison of Pakistani open-ended and close-ended mutual funds performance. That study focus on income, balance and equity schemes of open-ended and close-ended mutual funds. The performance of these funds evaluates using Sortino measure, Shrape measure, Treynor measure, Jenssen differtial measure and Inforamtion measure. The sample for the study consists of 73 funds from 2007 to 2012. Results show open-ended mutual funds performance is better than close-ended mutual funds. KSE (market portfolio) performance is grater over the all sample base mutual funds. Most risk adjusted funds returns are negative, which probably due to mutual fund industry set back by financial crisis during sample period.

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