Warinthorn Songkasiri - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Warinthorn Songkasiri

Sustainable Environment Research

Adoption of the circular economy concept to utilize wastes and by-products from the cassava starc... more Adoption of the circular economy concept to utilize wastes and by-products from the cassava starch industry for biogas production has been considered a viable option. The annual generation of wastewater and cassava pulp in Thailand is reported to be approximately 21 million m3 and 9.5 Mt, respectively. This research therefore aimed to analyze the key drivers and challenges in implementing the circular economy concept in the cassava starch industry in order to generate higher demand for biogas systems, increase the energy security and resource efficiency, and combat the environmental problems associated with cassava wastes. The following three scenarios were analyzed in this study: (1) a factory without integrated biogas system, (2) a factory with integrated biogas installation using wastewater as a raw material, and (3) a factory with biogas system using both wastewater and cassava pulp as raw materials. The assessment of economic feasibility, resource efficiency, water recovery, la...

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast / Экономические и социальные перемены: факты, тенденции, прогноз

Journal of Environmental Engineering

Waste and Biomass Valorization

Carbohydrate Polymers, 2011

This study aimed to investigate the agglomeration mechanisms of cassava starch during pneumatic c... more This study aimed to investigate the agglomeration mechanisms of cassava starch during pneumatic conveying drying based on phase transition concept. Glass transition and gelatinization temperatures of cassava starch were determined at various starch moisture contents. To investigate phase transition of cassava starch, cassava starch was dried using pilot-scale pneumatic conveying dryer. Temperature, moisture content and particle size distribution of cassava starch were measured along the drying tube. Experimental results showed that at the early stage of drying process, the temperature of cassava starch was higher than its glass transition temperature indicating that the starch was in rubbery phase. After the starch passed the middle stage of drying tube, the phase changed from rubbery to glassy state. This phase transition of the cassava starch correlated with the changes of particle size. The agglomeration of the cassava starch occurred when the cassava starch was in rubbery phase.

Food and Bioproducts Processing, 2015

ABSTRACT Cassava root and starch are used for human food consumption, animal feed and raw materia... more ABSTRACT Cassava root and starch are used for human food consumption, animal feed and raw material for various industries, including the renewable energy industry. The composition and structure of cassava root depends on variety, age, environmental conditions and planting season. Starch granules following rasping step are divided into free and bound starch; the latter remains in the pulp and is difficult to separate, while the former is not bound inside the pulp complex structure. In a starch extractor, cassava starch granules are separated from pulp through the mechanisms of centrifugation and filtration. This research aimed to study the effects of particle size and variety of cassava root, centrifugation and filtration mechanisms on free starch granule separation efficiency. Three cassava root varieties, Rayong 9, Rayong 11 and Kasetsart 50, were classified by particle size after grinding and sieving. Experiments were conducted at various relative centrifugal forces (0-487G) and pressure drops (2.5-12.0 kPa). The free starch separation efficiency increased with decreasing particle size of all cassava root varieties. The grinding of cassava root into small pieces caused cell wall breakage, facilitating free starch separation from the pulp. As the RCF increased, some bound starch granules were released due to the force acting on the cassava pulp. The pressure drop in filtration process drove the free starch granules to pass through the screen although this force was insufficient to separate the bound starch granules from the fiber.

Advanced Materials Research, 2012

Journal of Food Engineering, 2008

This research investigated the kinetics of cyanide oxidation by ozone in cassava starch productio... more This research investigated the kinetics of cyanide oxidation by ozone in cassava starch production process. An acrylic column, equipped with a gas sparger located at the bottom of the column, were used as a reactor. Cassava starch solutions with the cyanide concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40 mg/l were prepared from fresh cassava roots. The experiments were performed at the ozone generation rates of 7.4, 15.0, 22.6, and 30.0 g O 3 /h. The results showed that the cyanide concentration sharply decreased during the first 30 s of the reaction time, and after that the concentration slightly decreased. Moreover, cyanohydrin, which could not be oxidized by ozone, was not completely converted to hydrogen cyanide. The kinetics of cyanide oxidation was first order with respect to cyanide and zero order with respect to ozone. The rate constant obtained from the first order equation of cyanide oxidation with ozone was 2.76 min À1 .

Water Environment Research a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation, Feb 1, 2007

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of a three-phase separator configura... more The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of a three-phase separator configuration on the performance of an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (USAB) treating wastewater from a fruit canning factory. The performances of two 30-L UASB reactors--one with a modified three-phase separator giving a spiral flow pattern and the other with a conventional configuration-were investigated in parallel. Wastewater, with a chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration between 2000 and 7000 mg/L, was obtained from a fruit-canning factory. Based on the effluent data of the first 100 operation days, the UASB with the three-phase separator giving spiral flow patterns yielded up to 25% lower biomass washout. It also showed better efficiencies in treating wastewater--up to 60% lower effluent COD, up to 20% higher COD percent removal, and up to 29% higher biogas production. This work presents evidence of an improvement on the conventional physical design of a UASB.

ABSTRACT: A survey was undertaken of participants in the National Biogas Program (NBP) in Takaev ... more ABSTRACT: A survey was undertaken of participants in the National Biogas Program (NBP) in Takaev Province, Cambodia. The purpose of the survey was to better understand the technical aspects of rural biogas application, as well as the economics and the factors contributing ...

Environ Sci Technol, 2012

We systematically quantified surface complexation of Np(V) onto whole cells, cell wall, and extra... more We systematically quantified surface complexation of Np(V) onto whole cells, cell wall, and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of Shewanella alga strain BrY. We first performed acid and base titrations and used the mathematical model FITEQL to estimate the concentrations and deprotonation constants of specific surface functional groups. Deprotonation constants most likely corresponded to a carboxyl group not associated with amino acids (pK(a) approximately 5), a phosphoryl site (pK(a) approximately 7.2), and an amine site (pK(a) > 10). We then carried out batch sorption experiments with Np(V) and each of the S. alga components as a function of pH. Since significant Np(V) sorption was observed on S. alga whole cells and its components in the pH range 2-5, we assumed the existence of a fourth site: a low-pK(a) carboxyl site (pK(a) approximately 2.4) that is associated with amino acids. We used the SPECIATE submodel of the biogeochemical model CCBATCH to compute the stability constants for Np(V) complexation to each surface functional group. The stability constants were similar for each functional group on S. alga bacterial whole cells, cell walls, and EPS, and they explain the complicated sorption patterns when they are combined with the aqueous-phase speciation of Np(V). For pH < 8, the aquo NpO(2)(+) species was the dominant form of Np(V), and its log K values for the low-pK(a) carboxyl, mid-pK(a) carboxyl, and phosphoryl groups were 1.8, 1.8, and 2.5-3.1, respectively. For pH greater than 8, the key surface ligand was amine >XNH(3)(+), which complexed with NpO(2)(CO(3))(3)(5-). The log K for NpO(2)(CO(3))(3)(5-) complexed onto the amine groups was 3.1-3.9. All of the log K values are similar to those of Np(V) complexes with aqueous carboxyl and N-containing carboxyl ligands. These results help quantify the role of surface complexation in defining actinide-microbiological interactions in the subsurface.

A survey involving personal interviews of 137 households was undertaken at Nongtha Tai Village in... more A survey involving personal interviews of 137 households was undertaken at Nongtha Tai Village in Vientiane to obtain a picture of waste management practices at the village/urban community level. The survey determined waste volume and usage, as well as recording villager's attitudes towards waste.

2015 12th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON), 2015

2015 12th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON), 2015

2015 12th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON), 2015

Food and Bioproducts Processing, 2015

ABSTRACT Cassava root and starch are used for human food consumption, animal feed and raw materia... more ABSTRACT Cassava root and starch are used for human food consumption, animal feed and raw material for various industries, including the renewable energy industry. The composition and structure of cassava root depends on variety, age, environmental conditions and planting season. Starch granules following rasping step are divided into free and bound starch; the latter remains in the pulp and is difficult to separate, while the former is not bound inside the pulp complex structure. In a starch extractor, cassava starch granules are separated from pulp through the mechanisms of centrifugation and filtration. This research aimed to study the effects of particle size and variety of cassava root, centrifugation and filtration mechanisms on free starch granule separation efficiency. Three cassava root varieties, Rayong 9, Rayong 11 and Kasetsart 50, were classified by particle size after grinding and sieving. Experiments were conducted at various relative centrifugal forces (0-487G) and pressure drops (2.5-12.0 kPa). The free starch separation efficiency increased with decreasing particle size of all cassava root varieties. The grinding of cassava root into small pieces caused cell wall breakage, facilitating free starch separation from the pulp. As the RCF increased, some bound starch granules were released due to the force acting on the cassava pulp. The pressure drop in filtration process drove the free starch granules to pass through the screen although this force was insufficient to separate the bound starch granules from the fiber.

Sustainable Environment Research

Adoption of the circular economy concept to utilize wastes and by-products from the cassava starc... more Adoption of the circular economy concept to utilize wastes and by-products from the cassava starch industry for biogas production has been considered a viable option. The annual generation of wastewater and cassava pulp in Thailand is reported to be approximately 21 million m3 and 9.5 Mt, respectively. This research therefore aimed to analyze the key drivers and challenges in implementing the circular economy concept in the cassava starch industry in order to generate higher demand for biogas systems, increase the energy security and resource efficiency, and combat the environmental problems associated with cassava wastes. The following three scenarios were analyzed in this study: (1) a factory without integrated biogas system, (2) a factory with integrated biogas installation using wastewater as a raw material, and (3) a factory with biogas system using both wastewater and cassava pulp as raw materials. The assessment of economic feasibility, resource efficiency, water recovery, la...

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast / Экономические и социальные перемены: факты, тенденции, прогноз

Journal of Environmental Engineering

Waste and Biomass Valorization

Carbohydrate Polymers, 2011

This study aimed to investigate the agglomeration mechanisms of cassava starch during pneumatic c... more This study aimed to investigate the agglomeration mechanisms of cassava starch during pneumatic conveying drying based on phase transition concept. Glass transition and gelatinization temperatures of cassava starch were determined at various starch moisture contents. To investigate phase transition of cassava starch, cassava starch was dried using pilot-scale pneumatic conveying dryer. Temperature, moisture content and particle size distribution of cassava starch were measured along the drying tube. Experimental results showed that at the early stage of drying process, the temperature of cassava starch was higher than its glass transition temperature indicating that the starch was in rubbery phase. After the starch passed the middle stage of drying tube, the phase changed from rubbery to glassy state. This phase transition of the cassava starch correlated with the changes of particle size. The agglomeration of the cassava starch occurred when the cassava starch was in rubbery phase.

Food and Bioproducts Processing, 2015

ABSTRACT Cassava root and starch are used for human food consumption, animal feed and raw materia... more ABSTRACT Cassava root and starch are used for human food consumption, animal feed and raw material for various industries, including the renewable energy industry. The composition and structure of cassava root depends on variety, age, environmental conditions and planting season. Starch granules following rasping step are divided into free and bound starch; the latter remains in the pulp and is difficult to separate, while the former is not bound inside the pulp complex structure. In a starch extractor, cassava starch granules are separated from pulp through the mechanisms of centrifugation and filtration. This research aimed to study the effects of particle size and variety of cassava root, centrifugation and filtration mechanisms on free starch granule separation efficiency. Three cassava root varieties, Rayong 9, Rayong 11 and Kasetsart 50, were classified by particle size after grinding and sieving. Experiments were conducted at various relative centrifugal forces (0-487G) and pressure drops (2.5-12.0 kPa). The free starch separation efficiency increased with decreasing particle size of all cassava root varieties. The grinding of cassava root into small pieces caused cell wall breakage, facilitating free starch separation from the pulp. As the RCF increased, some bound starch granules were released due to the force acting on the cassava pulp. The pressure drop in filtration process drove the free starch granules to pass through the screen although this force was insufficient to separate the bound starch granules from the fiber.

Advanced Materials Research, 2012

Journal of Food Engineering, 2008

This research investigated the kinetics of cyanide oxidation by ozone in cassava starch productio... more This research investigated the kinetics of cyanide oxidation by ozone in cassava starch production process. An acrylic column, equipped with a gas sparger located at the bottom of the column, were used as a reactor. Cassava starch solutions with the cyanide concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40 mg/l were prepared from fresh cassava roots. The experiments were performed at the ozone generation rates of 7.4, 15.0, 22.6, and 30.0 g O 3 /h. The results showed that the cyanide concentration sharply decreased during the first 30 s of the reaction time, and after that the concentration slightly decreased. Moreover, cyanohydrin, which could not be oxidized by ozone, was not completely converted to hydrogen cyanide. The kinetics of cyanide oxidation was first order with respect to cyanide and zero order with respect to ozone. The rate constant obtained from the first order equation of cyanide oxidation with ozone was 2.76 min À1 .

Water Environment Research a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation, Feb 1, 2007

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of a three-phase separator configura... more The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of a three-phase separator configuration on the performance of an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (USAB) treating wastewater from a fruit canning factory. The performances of two 30-L UASB reactors--one with a modified three-phase separator giving a spiral flow pattern and the other with a conventional configuration-were investigated in parallel. Wastewater, with a chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration between 2000 and 7000 mg/L, was obtained from a fruit-canning factory. Based on the effluent data of the first 100 operation days, the UASB with the three-phase separator giving spiral flow patterns yielded up to 25% lower biomass washout. It also showed better efficiencies in treating wastewater--up to 60% lower effluent COD, up to 20% higher COD percent removal, and up to 29% higher biogas production. This work presents evidence of an improvement on the conventional physical design of a UASB.

ABSTRACT: A survey was undertaken of participants in the National Biogas Program (NBP) in Takaev ... more ABSTRACT: A survey was undertaken of participants in the National Biogas Program (NBP) in Takaev Province, Cambodia. The purpose of the survey was to better understand the technical aspects of rural biogas application, as well as the economics and the factors contributing ...

Environ Sci Technol, 2012

We systematically quantified surface complexation of Np(V) onto whole cells, cell wall, and extra... more We systematically quantified surface complexation of Np(V) onto whole cells, cell wall, and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of Shewanella alga strain BrY. We first performed acid and base titrations and used the mathematical model FITEQL to estimate the concentrations and deprotonation constants of specific surface functional groups. Deprotonation constants most likely corresponded to a carboxyl group not associated with amino acids (pK(a) approximately 5), a phosphoryl site (pK(a) approximately 7.2), and an amine site (pK(a) > 10). We then carried out batch sorption experiments with Np(V) and each of the S. alga components as a function of pH. Since significant Np(V) sorption was observed on S. alga whole cells and its components in the pH range 2-5, we assumed the existence of a fourth site: a low-pK(a) carboxyl site (pK(a) approximately 2.4) that is associated with amino acids. We used the SPECIATE submodel of the biogeochemical model CCBATCH to compute the stability constants for Np(V) complexation to each surface functional group. The stability constants were similar for each functional group on S. alga bacterial whole cells, cell walls, and EPS, and they explain the complicated sorption patterns when they are combined with the aqueous-phase speciation of Np(V). For pH < 8, the aquo NpO(2)(+) species was the dominant form of Np(V), and its log K values for the low-pK(a) carboxyl, mid-pK(a) carboxyl, and phosphoryl groups were 1.8, 1.8, and 2.5-3.1, respectively. For pH greater than 8, the key surface ligand was amine >XNH(3)(+), which complexed with NpO(2)(CO(3))(3)(5-). The log K for NpO(2)(CO(3))(3)(5-) complexed onto the amine groups was 3.1-3.9. All of the log K values are similar to those of Np(V) complexes with aqueous carboxyl and N-containing carboxyl ligands. These results help quantify the role of surface complexation in defining actinide-microbiological interactions in the subsurface.

A survey involving personal interviews of 137 households was undertaken at Nongtha Tai Village in... more A survey involving personal interviews of 137 households was undertaken at Nongtha Tai Village in Vientiane to obtain a picture of waste management practices at the village/urban community level. The survey determined waste volume and usage, as well as recording villager's attitudes towards waste.

2015 12th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON), 2015

2015 12th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON), 2015

2015 12th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON), 2015

Food and Bioproducts Processing, 2015

ABSTRACT Cassava root and starch are used for human food consumption, animal feed and raw materia... more ABSTRACT Cassava root and starch are used for human food consumption, animal feed and raw material for various industries, including the renewable energy industry. The composition and structure of cassava root depends on variety, age, environmental conditions and planting season. Starch granules following rasping step are divided into free and bound starch; the latter remains in the pulp and is difficult to separate, while the former is not bound inside the pulp complex structure. In a starch extractor, cassava starch granules are separated from pulp through the mechanisms of centrifugation and filtration. This research aimed to study the effects of particle size and variety of cassava root, centrifugation and filtration mechanisms on free starch granule separation efficiency. Three cassava root varieties, Rayong 9, Rayong 11 and Kasetsart 50, were classified by particle size after grinding and sieving. Experiments were conducted at various relative centrifugal forces (0-487G) and pressure drops (2.5-12.0 kPa). The free starch separation efficiency increased with decreasing particle size of all cassava root varieties. The grinding of cassava root into small pieces caused cell wall breakage, facilitating free starch separation from the pulp. As the RCF increased, some bound starch granules were released due to the force acting on the cassava pulp. The pressure drop in filtration process drove the free starch granules to pass through the screen although this force was insufficient to separate the bound starch granules from the fiber.