Warren Franke - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Warren Franke
The FASEB Journal, 2014
Physical activity (PA) self-efficacy (SE) helps promote PA in older adults (OA). Factors influenc... more Physical activity (PA) self-efficacy (SE) helps promote PA in older adults (OA). Factors influencing PA self-efficacy change were examined in 48 rural-residing OA (M age=74.4 years) at Weeks 1 and 8 during an 8-week exergaming program. Logistic regression assessed the effects of self-reported health status and PA readiness-to-change on dichotomized SE scores at Week 1. Self-reported health and PA readiness-to-change explained 45.4% of the variance in dichotomized SE scores at Week 1 [χ2(5)=19.2, p=.002] and correctly classified 76.1% of cases. A general linear model showed higher baseline self-reported health status was associated with a decreased likelihood of having a lower initial dichotomized SE score. SE change was predicted significantly (p=.001) by self-reported health status (ŋ2=.270) and by the interaction of self-reported health status with PA readiness-to-change (ŋ2=.251). Better health was associated with a greater positive SE change. These preliminary findings suggest that PA programs for OA ...
Part of the Statistics and Probability Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and o... more Part of the Statistics and Probability Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at Digital Repository @ Iowa State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Repository @ Iowa State University. For more information, please contact
books and also nutrition, physical activity, and literacy tips for families were sent home with s... more books and also nutrition, physical activity, and literacy tips for families were sent home with students. Evaluation: Teachers considered the classroom books to be an effective way to use ‘‘quality literature’’ to reach children with positive nutrition messages; 89% considered it to be valuable. The take-home book-bag evaluation indicated that 93% of families read the books and spent an average of 57 minutes reading with their children; 78% reported their children learned something new about nutrition. Books were perceived as beneficial for ‘‘family togetherness.’’ Year-end evaluation will further assess the effect of the program components, including the library book component, on retention of knowledge and behavior change for children and families. Conclusions and Implications: Providing nutrition and physical-activity-themed books in classrooms, in school libraries, and through a take-home book bag supports and extends classroom instruction and reaches families with important mes...
The flipped classroom design is becoming a popular trend among college courses. In order for this... more The flipped classroom design is becoming a popular trend among college courses. In order for this design to be successful, students must come to class prepared. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a class prepared assignment (CPA) in a senior undergraduate Kinesiology laboratory with a flipped design. All participants were required to watch weekly videos prior to coming to a 2-hour lab, once a week. Participants were either in a laboratory section where no CPAs were assigned (control, n = 49) or in a laboratory section where CPAs were assigned (experimental, n = 49). Laboratory quiz scores, percentage of weekly videos watched, multiple video views, and reported student preparedness were compared between groups. The results showed statistically significant differences in laboratory quizzes, percentage of weekly videos watched, and multiple video views. No statistically significant difference was found between reported student preparedness. Class prep...
A strong body of evidence reveals that quizzing students using low stakes assessments enhances le... more A strong body of evidence reveals that quizzing students using low stakes assessments enhances learning and retention compared to not quizzing. In regards to learning and retention, the way in which students are quizzed is also important. Recall or retrieval practice has shown to enhance learning and increase retention compared to recognition quizzing. The current study evaluated the used of low stakes recall vs. recognition assessments in a hybrid course with weekly online lectures. Participants were divided into either the recall (n = 140) or recognition (n = 111) group. Average participation in low stakes assessments, percentage scores on high stakes assessments, and final exam percentage were compared between groups. The results revealed a significant difference between average low stakes assessment participation. No other statistically significant differences were found. Our study results did not find a signification difference between recall and recognition assessments in onli...
Warfighters perform a variety of civilian duties, such as construction. For example, in Iraq, fro... more Warfighters perform a variety of civilian duties, such as construction. For example, in Iraq, from 2004-2011, the US Army carried out over 5,000 construction projects. Training warfighters on heavy construction equipment is a timeconsuming task that contrasts with shrinking military budgets. Simulation-based training offers improved training for fewer resources. Simulators can decrease time to task proficiency by up to 90%. Identifying the pertinent features needed for a construction equipment trainer is challenging. For example, a critical skill is identifying different soil types. Lifting too much soil can damage equipment while not taking enough can cause significant delays. An experimental study investigated the effectiveness of a virtual excavator trainer with particular attention to the use of a high-fidelity soil simulation and its effect on learning. The experiments included two soil types: clay (hard to handle, high mechanical integrity) and sand (easy to handle, reduced me...
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
Astronauts operate in an environment with multiple hazards that can develop into life-threatening... more Astronauts operate in an environment with multiple hazards that can develop into life-threatening emergency situations. Managing stress in emergencies may require cognitive resources and lead to diminishing performance. Stress training aims to maintain performance under stress by methodically increasing stressor levels to build inoculation against stress. An adaptive virtual reality (VR) training system was developed with real-time stress detection by using machine learning on psychophysiological responses. Using a VR simulation of a spaceflight emergency fire, stress classifications were used to trigger adaptations of the VR environmental stressors (e.g., smoke, alarms, flashing lights), with the goal of maintaining a manageable level of stress during training. Fifty-seven healthy subjects underwent task training over eight trials with adaptive training (adaptive, n=19); results were compared to trials with predetermined gradual increases in stressors (graduated, n=18), and with tr...
Prehospital Emergency Care
OBJECTIVE High quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is crucial for patients experiencing c... more OBJECTIVE High quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is crucial for patients experiencing cardiac arrest. CPR quality declines within the first few minutes of CPR performance. Being more fit is associated with higher CPR quality, yet the fitness parameters needed remain uncertain. It is also unknown how CPR quality is affected during a protocol of realistic CPR when rescuers switch compressors every two minutes, as recommended by the American Heart Association (AHA), and extended duration, as might be encountered with an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The purpose of the present study is to determine the extent to which different measures of physical fitness predict high quality CPR performance when rescuers follow current CPR guidelines. METHODS Subjects underwent a fitness assessment evaluating lower back muscular endurance, abdominal muscular endurance, upper body muscular strength, and upper body anaerobic power. At least 48 hours later, subjects returned to the laboratory for CPR testing. CPR quality was determined by compression rate (>100/minute), compression depth (>2 inches, or 50mm), and adequate (full) chest recoil between compressions, based on American Heart Association guidelines. A CPR Quality Score, designed to represent cardiac output, was calculated as the product of compression rate and depth. RESULTS Thirty-three of 42 subjects were able to achieve a CPR Quality Score greater than 5000, the minimum needed to meet AHA recommendations. Higher anaerobic power and bench press scores were predictive of both high CPR Quality Scores (R2=0.47) and compression depth (R2=0.47). Sex (female) was predictive of better chest compression recoil percentages (R2=0.15). CONCLUSION Most rescuers can maintain high quality CPR if given two minute breaks between cycles. Rescuers with high anaerobic fitness and muscular strength may be able to provide higher quality CPR.
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
15-min seated rest, exercise, and a 180-min seated recovery. Excess post exercise oxygen consumpt... more 15-min seated rest, exercise, and a 180-min seated recovery. Excess post exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) magnitude was calculated as area under the curve from netVO2 (VO2 VO2 at rest) during the first 90 minutes post-exercise. EE was calculated from VO2 during exercise and recovery. Fat oxidation (FatOx) and carbohydrate oxidation (CarbOx) rates were calculated from VO2 and VCO2 at rest, 1, 2 and 3 hrs post-exercise. Enjoyment was assessed post-exercise using the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES). RESULTS: EPOC magnitude was similar among trials (LIIE = 4.87 ± 2.60 L*min, BFR = 6.59 ± 2.33 L*min, HIIE= 6.56 ± 2.01 L*min; p = 0.06). Total EE was different between BFR (321.6 ± 30.1 kcals), HIIE (254.5 ± 33.5 kcals), and LIIE (287.1 ± 25.5 kcals) (p<0.05). FatOx in BFR (1hr = 0.14 ± 0.01 g*min, 3hr = 0.11 ± 0.01 g*min) was greater than LIIE (1hr = 0.08 ± 0.02 g*min, 3hr = 0.9 ± 0.02 g*min), but not different from HIIE (1hr = 0.12 ± 0.02 g*min, 3hr = 0.09 ± 0.01 g*min) (main effect of trial; p<0.05). CarbOx during BFR (3hr = 0.16 ± 0.03 g*min) was less than LIIE (3hr = 0.19 ± 0.03 g*min) and HIIE (3hr = 0.23 ± 0.05 g*min) (main effect of trial). There were no differences in PACES scores. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the addition of intermittent BFR to LIIE may result in greater EE but similar substrate utilization and enjoyment as HIIE, albeit at a lower work rate.
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
AAOHN Journal
This cross-sectional study determined the prevalence of nephrolithiasis and common cardiovascular... more This cross-sectional study determined the prevalence of nephrolithiasis and common cardiovascular disease (CVO) risk factors in a law enforcement officer (LEO) cohort and evaluated the relationship of nephrolithiasis with several CVO risk factors, including the possible effect of ethnicity. Self reported nephrolithiasis and CVD risk factors among currently employed male LEOs from nine states (n = 2,818) were compared to other men in the same states (n = 9,650). Of the LEOs, 6.2% (n =174) self reported at least one kidney stone (range =1 to 12, mean 2.3 6 2.1 stones). Twenty t1ve percent of Native American LEOs (n = 7 of 28) self reported a history of stones. In LEOs with a history of nephrolithiasis, overweight deflned as body mass index. 25 kglm2 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.80,95% confidence interval [CI] =1.04, 3.11), hypercholesterolemia (OR = 1.53,95% CI =1.09,2.15), and hypertension (OR =1.46,95% CI =1.02,2.11) were associated with
Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making
Psychological and physiological stress experienced by astronauts can pose risks to mission succes... more Psychological and physiological stress experienced by astronauts can pose risks to mission success. In clinical settings, gradually increasing stressors help patients develop resilience. It is unclear whether graduated stress exposure can affect responses to acute stressors during spaceflight. This study evaluated psychophysiological responses to potentially catastrophic spaceflight operation, with and without graduated stress exposure, using a virtual reality environment. Twenty healthy participants were tasked with locating a fire on a virtual International Space Station (VR-ISS). After orientation, the treatment group ( n = 10) practiced searching for a fire while exposed to a low-level stressor (light smoke), while the control group ( n = 10) practiced without smoke. In the testing session, both groups responded to a fire while the VR-ISS unexpectedly filled with heavy smoke. Heart rate variability and blood pressure were measured continuously. Subjective workload was evaluated ...
Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making
Presently, adaptive systems use various cognitive and cardiovascular measures to evaluate the fun... more Presently, adaptive systems use various cognitive and cardiovascular measures to evaluate the functional state of the operator. One marker that has been largely ignored as an assessment tool is baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). This study examined the extent to which BRS changed in response to acute psychological and physical stressors. A total of 20 participants underwent 6-min exposures to a psychological stressor and a physical stressor. Baroreceptor sensitivity, blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability, stroke volume, cardiac output, mean blood pressure, total peripheral resistance, left ventricular ejection time, and pre-ejection period were continuously measured at rest and throughout the testing period. Compared to rest, BRS significantly decreased during both the psychological and physical stressors. BRS was reduced more with the psychological stressor than the physical stressor. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure significantly increased above rest during the psych...
Gerontology & Geriatrics Education
A knowledgeable workforce is key to meeting the demands of an aging population that is expected t... more A knowledgeable workforce is key to meeting the demands of an aging population that is expected to nearly triple by 2030 and their attitudes influence propensity to seek aging-related careers. Postsecondary education offers an opportunity to increase aging-related knowledge and facilitates intergenerational experiential-learning opportunities; however, research is lacking regarding attitudes toward aging and experiences among an academically diverse sample. To address this gap, the aims of this study were to (1) examine differences in students&amp;amp;amp;#39; attitudes toward older adults by academic college, (2) assess differences in aging-related coursework and course experiences by academic college, and (3) explore key factors associated with students&amp;amp;amp;#39; attitudes toward older adults. Online survey methodology was used with a sample of 816 undergraduate students from a single university who represented all academic colleges offering undergraduate degrees. Significant differences among students&amp;amp;amp;#39; attitudes toward older adults by academic college were noted: those enrolled in the College of Human Sciences reported better stereotype, separation, and affective attitudes. Furthermore, factors associated with students&amp;amp;amp;#39; aging-related attitudes were sex, affiliation with academic college, perception of &amp;amp;amp;quot;old,&amp;amp;amp;quot; contact frequency, and desire to learn aging-related content. The authors suggest interdisciplinary and disciplinary-specific educational recommendations to improve students&amp;amp;amp;#39; attitudes toward older adults.
American Journal of Hypertension
To determine whether ␣ 1-blockade affects the forearm vascular resistance responses to lower body... more To determine whether ␣ 1-blockade affects the forearm vascular resistance responses to lower body negative pressure (LBNP) in borderline hypertensives, six hypertensives (HTN; mean arterial pressure [MAP] ؍ 109.9 ؎ 1.7 mm Hg, mean ؎ SE) and seven normotensives (NTN; MAP ؍ 81.5 ؎ 1.4 mm Hg) underwent exposures of LBNP at pressures of ؊10, ؊20, and ؊40 mm Hg during systemic ␣ 1-receptor blockade (BLK) and during placebo (PLA). Resting forearm vascular resistance (FVR) was greater in HTN than in NTN during PLA (34.8 ؎ 5.4 v 17.5 ؎ 3.1 units; P < .05), but not during BLK (28.1 ؎ 5.2 v 25.3 ؎ 9.9 units). When expressed as a percentage of resting FVR, LBNP evoked an increased FVR (P < .001) that did not differ significantly between BLK and PLA in either group. FVR was higher (P < .001) in HTN than in NTN throughout both trials; at ؊40 mm Hg of LBNP during BLK, the increase in FVR was greater (P < .05) in HTN than in NTN (131 ؎ 42 v 48 ؎ 15%). MAP (relative to resting) was maintained throughout LBNP during PLA but, at ؊40 mm Hg, was lower (P < .01) during BLK for both groups. HR was elevated in BLK and was increased at ؊40 mm Hg (P < .01) for each group in each trial. This increase was greater during BLK (P < .05). These data suggest that borderline hypertensives have a greater vasoconstrictor response to LBNP than do normotensives and ␣ 1blockade does not appear to attenuate this response.
Preventive medicine reports, 2017
Many consumer-based physical activity monitors (PAMs) are available but it is not clear how to us... more Many consumer-based physical activity monitors (PAMs) are available but it is not clear how to use them to most effectively promote weight loss. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare the effectiveness of a personal PAM, a guided weight loss program (GWL), and the combination of these approaches on weight loss and metabolic risk. Participants completed the study in two cohorts: Fall 2010 and Spring 2011. A sample of 72 obese individuals in the Ames, IA area were randomized to one of 3 conditions: 1) (GWL, N = 31), 2) PAM, N = 29, or 3) a combination group (PAM + GWL, N = 29). Weight and metabolic syndrome score (MetS), computed from waist circumference (WC), BMI, blood pressure (BP), and lipids were assessed at baseline and following an 8-week intervention. Weight was also assessed four months later. Two-way (Group × Time) ANOVAs examined intervention effects and maintenance. Effect sizes were used to compare magnitude of improvements among groups. During the intervention, a...
PLOS ONE, 2017
Introduction This study evaluates whether a health club membership is associated with meeting the... more Introduction This study evaluates whether a health club membership is associated with meeting the US physical activity (PA) guidelines and/or favorable cardiovascular health. Methods Using cross-sectional data of health club members (n = 204) and non-members (n = 201) from April to August 2013, this is the first study to our knowledge to examine a health club membership in relation to objectively measured cardiovascular health indicators including resting blood pressure, resting heart rate, body mass index, waist circumference, and cardiorespiratory fitness based on a non-exercise test algorithm. To determine the total PA and sedentary time, this study used a comprehensive PA questionnaire about both aerobic and resistance activities at the health club, as well as lifestyle activities in other settings, which was developed based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of meeting either the aerobic, resistance, or both aerobic and resistance PA guidelines for members compared to non-members were 16.5 (9.8-27.6), 10.1 (6.2-16.3), and 13.8 (8.5-22.4), respectively. Significant associations of health club membership with more favorable cardiovascular health outcomes and sedentary behavior were observed for resting heart rate (B:-4.8 b/min, p<0.001), cardiorespiratory fitness (B: 2.1 ml/kg/min, p<0.001), and sedentary time (B:-1.4 hours, p<0.001). Participants with a health club membership of >1 year had more favorable health outcomes, with a smaller waist circumference (men, B:-4.0 cm, p = 0.04; women, B:-3.4 cm, p = 0.06), compared to non-members. Conclusions Health club membership is associated with significantly increased aerobic and resistance physical activity levels and more favorable cardiovascular health outcomes compared to non-members. However, longitudinal, randomized controlled trials would be clearly warranted as cross-sectional data prohibits causal inferences.
The FASEB Journal, 2014
Physical activity (PA) self-efficacy (SE) helps promote PA in older adults (OA). Factors influenc... more Physical activity (PA) self-efficacy (SE) helps promote PA in older adults (OA). Factors influencing PA self-efficacy change were examined in 48 rural-residing OA (M age=74.4 years) at Weeks 1 and 8 during an 8-week exergaming program. Logistic regression assessed the effects of self-reported health status and PA readiness-to-change on dichotomized SE scores at Week 1. Self-reported health and PA readiness-to-change explained 45.4% of the variance in dichotomized SE scores at Week 1 [χ2(5)=19.2, p=.002] and correctly classified 76.1% of cases. A general linear model showed higher baseline self-reported health status was associated with a decreased likelihood of having a lower initial dichotomized SE score. SE change was predicted significantly (p=.001) by self-reported health status (ŋ2=.270) and by the interaction of self-reported health status with PA readiness-to-change (ŋ2=.251). Better health was associated with a greater positive SE change. These preliminary findings suggest that PA programs for OA ...
Part of the Statistics and Probability Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and o... more Part of the Statistics and Probability Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at Digital Repository @ Iowa State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Repository @ Iowa State University. For more information, please contact
books and also nutrition, physical activity, and literacy tips for families were sent home with s... more books and also nutrition, physical activity, and literacy tips for families were sent home with students. Evaluation: Teachers considered the classroom books to be an effective way to use ‘‘quality literature’’ to reach children with positive nutrition messages; 89% considered it to be valuable. The take-home book-bag evaluation indicated that 93% of families read the books and spent an average of 57 minutes reading with their children; 78% reported their children learned something new about nutrition. Books were perceived as beneficial for ‘‘family togetherness.’’ Year-end evaluation will further assess the effect of the program components, including the library book component, on retention of knowledge and behavior change for children and families. Conclusions and Implications: Providing nutrition and physical-activity-themed books in classrooms, in school libraries, and through a take-home book bag supports and extends classroom instruction and reaches families with important mes...
The flipped classroom design is becoming a popular trend among college courses. In order for this... more The flipped classroom design is becoming a popular trend among college courses. In order for this design to be successful, students must come to class prepared. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a class prepared assignment (CPA) in a senior undergraduate Kinesiology laboratory with a flipped design. All participants were required to watch weekly videos prior to coming to a 2-hour lab, once a week. Participants were either in a laboratory section where no CPAs were assigned (control, n = 49) or in a laboratory section where CPAs were assigned (experimental, n = 49). Laboratory quiz scores, percentage of weekly videos watched, multiple video views, and reported student preparedness were compared between groups. The results showed statistically significant differences in laboratory quizzes, percentage of weekly videos watched, and multiple video views. No statistically significant difference was found between reported student preparedness. Class prep...
A strong body of evidence reveals that quizzing students using low stakes assessments enhances le... more A strong body of evidence reveals that quizzing students using low stakes assessments enhances learning and retention compared to not quizzing. In regards to learning and retention, the way in which students are quizzed is also important. Recall or retrieval practice has shown to enhance learning and increase retention compared to recognition quizzing. The current study evaluated the used of low stakes recall vs. recognition assessments in a hybrid course with weekly online lectures. Participants were divided into either the recall (n = 140) or recognition (n = 111) group. Average participation in low stakes assessments, percentage scores on high stakes assessments, and final exam percentage were compared between groups. The results revealed a significant difference between average low stakes assessment participation. No other statistically significant differences were found. Our study results did not find a signification difference between recall and recognition assessments in onli...
Warfighters perform a variety of civilian duties, such as construction. For example, in Iraq, fro... more Warfighters perform a variety of civilian duties, such as construction. For example, in Iraq, from 2004-2011, the US Army carried out over 5,000 construction projects. Training warfighters on heavy construction equipment is a timeconsuming task that contrasts with shrinking military budgets. Simulation-based training offers improved training for fewer resources. Simulators can decrease time to task proficiency by up to 90%. Identifying the pertinent features needed for a construction equipment trainer is challenging. For example, a critical skill is identifying different soil types. Lifting too much soil can damage equipment while not taking enough can cause significant delays. An experimental study investigated the effectiveness of a virtual excavator trainer with particular attention to the use of a high-fidelity soil simulation and its effect on learning. The experiments included two soil types: clay (hard to handle, high mechanical integrity) and sand (easy to handle, reduced me...
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
Astronauts operate in an environment with multiple hazards that can develop into life-threatening... more Astronauts operate in an environment with multiple hazards that can develop into life-threatening emergency situations. Managing stress in emergencies may require cognitive resources and lead to diminishing performance. Stress training aims to maintain performance under stress by methodically increasing stressor levels to build inoculation against stress. An adaptive virtual reality (VR) training system was developed with real-time stress detection by using machine learning on psychophysiological responses. Using a VR simulation of a spaceflight emergency fire, stress classifications were used to trigger adaptations of the VR environmental stressors (e.g., smoke, alarms, flashing lights), with the goal of maintaining a manageable level of stress during training. Fifty-seven healthy subjects underwent task training over eight trials with adaptive training (adaptive, n=19); results were compared to trials with predetermined gradual increases in stressors (graduated, n=18), and with tr...
Prehospital Emergency Care
OBJECTIVE High quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is crucial for patients experiencing c... more OBJECTIVE High quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is crucial for patients experiencing cardiac arrest. CPR quality declines within the first few minutes of CPR performance. Being more fit is associated with higher CPR quality, yet the fitness parameters needed remain uncertain. It is also unknown how CPR quality is affected during a protocol of realistic CPR when rescuers switch compressors every two minutes, as recommended by the American Heart Association (AHA), and extended duration, as might be encountered with an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The purpose of the present study is to determine the extent to which different measures of physical fitness predict high quality CPR performance when rescuers follow current CPR guidelines. METHODS Subjects underwent a fitness assessment evaluating lower back muscular endurance, abdominal muscular endurance, upper body muscular strength, and upper body anaerobic power. At least 48 hours later, subjects returned to the laboratory for CPR testing. CPR quality was determined by compression rate (>100/minute), compression depth (>2 inches, or 50mm), and adequate (full) chest recoil between compressions, based on American Heart Association guidelines. A CPR Quality Score, designed to represent cardiac output, was calculated as the product of compression rate and depth. RESULTS Thirty-three of 42 subjects were able to achieve a CPR Quality Score greater than 5000, the minimum needed to meet AHA recommendations. Higher anaerobic power and bench press scores were predictive of both high CPR Quality Scores (R2=0.47) and compression depth (R2=0.47). Sex (female) was predictive of better chest compression recoil percentages (R2=0.15). CONCLUSION Most rescuers can maintain high quality CPR if given two minute breaks between cycles. Rescuers with high anaerobic fitness and muscular strength may be able to provide higher quality CPR.
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
15-min seated rest, exercise, and a 180-min seated recovery. Excess post exercise oxygen consumpt... more 15-min seated rest, exercise, and a 180-min seated recovery. Excess post exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) magnitude was calculated as area under the curve from netVO2 (VO2 VO2 at rest) during the first 90 minutes post-exercise. EE was calculated from VO2 during exercise and recovery. Fat oxidation (FatOx) and carbohydrate oxidation (CarbOx) rates were calculated from VO2 and VCO2 at rest, 1, 2 and 3 hrs post-exercise. Enjoyment was assessed post-exercise using the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES). RESULTS: EPOC magnitude was similar among trials (LIIE = 4.87 ± 2.60 L*min, BFR = 6.59 ± 2.33 L*min, HIIE= 6.56 ± 2.01 L*min; p = 0.06). Total EE was different between BFR (321.6 ± 30.1 kcals), HIIE (254.5 ± 33.5 kcals), and LIIE (287.1 ± 25.5 kcals) (p<0.05). FatOx in BFR (1hr = 0.14 ± 0.01 g*min, 3hr = 0.11 ± 0.01 g*min) was greater than LIIE (1hr = 0.08 ± 0.02 g*min, 3hr = 0.9 ± 0.02 g*min), but not different from HIIE (1hr = 0.12 ± 0.02 g*min, 3hr = 0.09 ± 0.01 g*min) (main effect of trial; p<0.05). CarbOx during BFR (3hr = 0.16 ± 0.03 g*min) was less than LIIE (3hr = 0.19 ± 0.03 g*min) and HIIE (3hr = 0.23 ± 0.05 g*min) (main effect of trial). There were no differences in PACES scores. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the addition of intermittent BFR to LIIE may result in greater EE but similar substrate utilization and enjoyment as HIIE, albeit at a lower work rate.
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
AAOHN Journal
This cross-sectional study determined the prevalence of nephrolithiasis and common cardiovascular... more This cross-sectional study determined the prevalence of nephrolithiasis and common cardiovascular disease (CVO) risk factors in a law enforcement officer (LEO) cohort and evaluated the relationship of nephrolithiasis with several CVO risk factors, including the possible effect of ethnicity. Self reported nephrolithiasis and CVD risk factors among currently employed male LEOs from nine states (n = 2,818) were compared to other men in the same states (n = 9,650). Of the LEOs, 6.2% (n =174) self reported at least one kidney stone (range =1 to 12, mean 2.3 6 2.1 stones). Twenty t1ve percent of Native American LEOs (n = 7 of 28) self reported a history of stones. In LEOs with a history of nephrolithiasis, overweight deflned as body mass index. 25 kglm2 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.80,95% confidence interval [CI] =1.04, 3.11), hypercholesterolemia (OR = 1.53,95% CI =1.09,2.15), and hypertension (OR =1.46,95% CI =1.02,2.11) were associated with
Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making
Psychological and physiological stress experienced by astronauts can pose risks to mission succes... more Psychological and physiological stress experienced by astronauts can pose risks to mission success. In clinical settings, gradually increasing stressors help patients develop resilience. It is unclear whether graduated stress exposure can affect responses to acute stressors during spaceflight. This study evaluated psychophysiological responses to potentially catastrophic spaceflight operation, with and without graduated stress exposure, using a virtual reality environment. Twenty healthy participants were tasked with locating a fire on a virtual International Space Station (VR-ISS). After orientation, the treatment group ( n = 10) practiced searching for a fire while exposed to a low-level stressor (light smoke), while the control group ( n = 10) practiced without smoke. In the testing session, both groups responded to a fire while the VR-ISS unexpectedly filled with heavy smoke. Heart rate variability and blood pressure were measured continuously. Subjective workload was evaluated ...
Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making
Presently, adaptive systems use various cognitive and cardiovascular measures to evaluate the fun... more Presently, adaptive systems use various cognitive and cardiovascular measures to evaluate the functional state of the operator. One marker that has been largely ignored as an assessment tool is baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). This study examined the extent to which BRS changed in response to acute psychological and physical stressors. A total of 20 participants underwent 6-min exposures to a psychological stressor and a physical stressor. Baroreceptor sensitivity, blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability, stroke volume, cardiac output, mean blood pressure, total peripheral resistance, left ventricular ejection time, and pre-ejection period were continuously measured at rest and throughout the testing period. Compared to rest, BRS significantly decreased during both the psychological and physical stressors. BRS was reduced more with the psychological stressor than the physical stressor. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure significantly increased above rest during the psych...
Gerontology & Geriatrics Education
A knowledgeable workforce is key to meeting the demands of an aging population that is expected t... more A knowledgeable workforce is key to meeting the demands of an aging population that is expected to nearly triple by 2030 and their attitudes influence propensity to seek aging-related careers. Postsecondary education offers an opportunity to increase aging-related knowledge and facilitates intergenerational experiential-learning opportunities; however, research is lacking regarding attitudes toward aging and experiences among an academically diverse sample. To address this gap, the aims of this study were to (1) examine differences in students&amp;amp;amp;#39; attitudes toward older adults by academic college, (2) assess differences in aging-related coursework and course experiences by academic college, and (3) explore key factors associated with students&amp;amp;amp;#39; attitudes toward older adults. Online survey methodology was used with a sample of 816 undergraduate students from a single university who represented all academic colleges offering undergraduate degrees. Significant differences among students&amp;amp;amp;#39; attitudes toward older adults by academic college were noted: those enrolled in the College of Human Sciences reported better stereotype, separation, and affective attitudes. Furthermore, factors associated with students&amp;amp;amp;#39; aging-related attitudes were sex, affiliation with academic college, perception of &amp;amp;amp;quot;old,&amp;amp;amp;quot; contact frequency, and desire to learn aging-related content. The authors suggest interdisciplinary and disciplinary-specific educational recommendations to improve students&amp;amp;amp;#39; attitudes toward older adults.
American Journal of Hypertension
To determine whether ␣ 1-blockade affects the forearm vascular resistance responses to lower body... more To determine whether ␣ 1-blockade affects the forearm vascular resistance responses to lower body negative pressure (LBNP) in borderline hypertensives, six hypertensives (HTN; mean arterial pressure [MAP] ؍ 109.9 ؎ 1.7 mm Hg, mean ؎ SE) and seven normotensives (NTN; MAP ؍ 81.5 ؎ 1.4 mm Hg) underwent exposures of LBNP at pressures of ؊10, ؊20, and ؊40 mm Hg during systemic ␣ 1-receptor blockade (BLK) and during placebo (PLA). Resting forearm vascular resistance (FVR) was greater in HTN than in NTN during PLA (34.8 ؎ 5.4 v 17.5 ؎ 3.1 units; P < .05), but not during BLK (28.1 ؎ 5.2 v 25.3 ؎ 9.9 units). When expressed as a percentage of resting FVR, LBNP evoked an increased FVR (P < .001) that did not differ significantly between BLK and PLA in either group. FVR was higher (P < .001) in HTN than in NTN throughout both trials; at ؊40 mm Hg of LBNP during BLK, the increase in FVR was greater (P < .05) in HTN than in NTN (131 ؎ 42 v 48 ؎ 15%). MAP (relative to resting) was maintained throughout LBNP during PLA but, at ؊40 mm Hg, was lower (P < .01) during BLK for both groups. HR was elevated in BLK and was increased at ؊40 mm Hg (P < .01) for each group in each trial. This increase was greater during BLK (P < .05). These data suggest that borderline hypertensives have a greater vasoconstrictor response to LBNP than do normotensives and ␣ 1blockade does not appear to attenuate this response.
Preventive medicine reports, 2017
Many consumer-based physical activity monitors (PAMs) are available but it is not clear how to us... more Many consumer-based physical activity monitors (PAMs) are available but it is not clear how to use them to most effectively promote weight loss. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare the effectiveness of a personal PAM, a guided weight loss program (GWL), and the combination of these approaches on weight loss and metabolic risk. Participants completed the study in two cohorts: Fall 2010 and Spring 2011. A sample of 72 obese individuals in the Ames, IA area were randomized to one of 3 conditions: 1) (GWL, N = 31), 2) PAM, N = 29, or 3) a combination group (PAM + GWL, N = 29). Weight and metabolic syndrome score (MetS), computed from waist circumference (WC), BMI, blood pressure (BP), and lipids were assessed at baseline and following an 8-week intervention. Weight was also assessed four months later. Two-way (Group × Time) ANOVAs examined intervention effects and maintenance. Effect sizes were used to compare magnitude of improvements among groups. During the intervention, a...
PLOS ONE, 2017
Introduction This study evaluates whether a health club membership is associated with meeting the... more Introduction This study evaluates whether a health club membership is associated with meeting the US physical activity (PA) guidelines and/or favorable cardiovascular health. Methods Using cross-sectional data of health club members (n = 204) and non-members (n = 201) from April to August 2013, this is the first study to our knowledge to examine a health club membership in relation to objectively measured cardiovascular health indicators including resting blood pressure, resting heart rate, body mass index, waist circumference, and cardiorespiratory fitness based on a non-exercise test algorithm. To determine the total PA and sedentary time, this study used a comprehensive PA questionnaire about both aerobic and resistance activities at the health club, as well as lifestyle activities in other settings, which was developed based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of meeting either the aerobic, resistance, or both aerobic and resistance PA guidelines for members compared to non-members were 16.5 (9.8-27.6), 10.1 (6.2-16.3), and 13.8 (8.5-22.4), respectively. Significant associations of health club membership with more favorable cardiovascular health outcomes and sedentary behavior were observed for resting heart rate (B:-4.8 b/min, p<0.001), cardiorespiratory fitness (B: 2.1 ml/kg/min, p<0.001), and sedentary time (B:-1.4 hours, p<0.001). Participants with a health club membership of >1 year had more favorable health outcomes, with a smaller waist circumference (men, B:-4.0 cm, p = 0.04; women, B:-3.4 cm, p = 0.06), compared to non-members. Conclusions Health club membership is associated with significantly increased aerobic and resistance physical activity levels and more favorable cardiovascular health outcomes compared to non-members. However, longitudinal, randomized controlled trials would be clearly warranted as cross-sectional data prohibits causal inferences.