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During the last two decades, fungi have been recognized as an important cause of serious infectio... more During the last two decades, fungi have been recognized as an important cause of serious infections with increased frequency. Among the fungi, Candida species are opportunistic agent, which are occurring as normal inhabitants of the digestive tract, oral cavity, and vagina of humans, and domestic animals. Twenty years ago, C. albicans represented 80% of Candida species recovered from patients with oral and systemic candidiasis. Although C. albicans continues to be the most frequently isolated species, the number of infections caused by non-Candida albicans Candida species (NCAC) such as Can did a gl abrata, Can di da tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis , Candida krusei, Candida guilliermondii, Candida lusitaniae, Candida kefyr, Candida famata, and Candida rugosa have increased significantly over the last two decades. NCAC species accounted for 10%–40% of all systemic candidiasis from 1970 to 1990, and this proportion reached 35%–65% in the last two decades. This is mainly associated with the advanced diagnostic methods, the introduction and widespread use of better medical practices, the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, an increase in the number of invasive surgical procedures, the emergence of HIV and AIDS. Even though there is significant geographic variation in the frequency of NCAC species, C. glabrata remains the most common NCAC species, and C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei are also frequently isolated in most regions of the world. More studies are warranted to determine the clinical significance of NCAC in humans as well as in various species of animals.

During the last two decades, fungi have been recognized as an important cause of serious infectio... more During the last two decades, fungi have been recognized as an important cause of serious infections with increased frequency. Among the fungi, Candida species are opportunistic agent, which are occurring as normal inhabitants of the digestive tract, oral cavity, and vagina of humans, and domestic animals. Twenty years ago, C. albicans represented 80% of Candida species recovered from patients with oral and systemic candidiasis. Although C. albicans continues to be the most frequently isolated species, the number of infections caused by non-Candida albicans Candida species (NCAC) such as Can did a gl abrata, Can di da tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis , Candida krusei, Candida guilliermondii, Candida lusitaniae, Candida kefyr, Candida famata, and Candida rugosa have increased significantly over the last two decades. NCAC species accounted for 10%–40% of all systemic candidiasis from 1970 to 1990, and this proportion reached 35%–65% in the last two decades. This is mainly associated with the advanced diagnostic methods, the introduction and widespread use of better medical practices, the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, an increase in the number of invasive surgical procedures, the emergence of HIV and AIDS. Even though there is significant geographic variation in the frequency of NCAC species, C. glabrata remains the most common NCAC species, and C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei are also frequently isolated in most regions of the world. More studies are warranted to determine the clinical significance of NCAC in humans as well as in various species of animals.