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Papers by Wesam Al-Zubaedi

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020

In this paper, the dispersion of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with five rings hexagonal geometry ... more In this paper, the dispersion of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with five rings hexagonal geometry have investigated by varying different parameters. Many researchers had used small size of fiber ( small pitch distance) to ensure the single mode operation but decreasing the pitch distance leads to increasing the dispersion. It is important to get suitable pitch distance so that it is not large to avoid the multimode operation and not small to avoid high dispersion. In this work, this condition has obtained depended on V-parameter. We have estimated the V-parameter by using the step-index fiber approximation. The Pitch distance which has been obtained is 5 um with low dispersion and low V-parameter ≤ 2.405 (single mode operation). In addition, to get more low dispersion and V-parameter, a doping with two different value of Ge ( 4.1% and 7%) has been applied in core.

2018 10th Computer Science and Electronic Engineering (CEEC), 2018

This paper proposed to reduce power consumption and cost of operation in the BBU pool by switch o... more This paper proposed to reduce power consumption and cost of operation in the BBU pool by switch off number of BBUs that work at low traffic load. Two algorithms have been proposed, one to convert the operation processing of switched off BBUs to the remaining ones depending on their valuable capacities. The other one is to control the electronic Smart Switch (SS) in order to exchange the traffic load between the Optical Transmitters (OTXs). Mathematical representation model of power consumption for C-RAN has been modified. The C-RAN applied by using the DWDM/SCM-PON-RoF architecture to decrease the cost effectiveness. The results in system model validation showed a reduction in the BBUs utilization of 84% and 83% in residential and office area respectively. Furthermore, OTXs operation has been reduced by 86% during the 24 hours compared with the conventional RAN network.

2017 9th Computer Science and Electronic Engineering (CEEC), 2017

In this paper, a live migration of the virtual machines (VMs) power consumption (PC) model is int... more In this paper, a live migration of the virtual machines (VMs) power consumption (PC) model is introduced in the virtualised cloud radio access networks (C-RANs). The model proposed an easy and parameterised model to evaluate the power cost of migrating the VMs from one server to another. This work is different than other research works found in the literature. It is not based on software, utilisation ratio or heuristics. Rather, it is based on converting and generalising the concepts of live migration process and experimental results from other works, which are based on the aforementioned tools. The proposed model converts the power cost of live migration from a function of utilisation ratio to a function of server PC. This means it supports researchers to dispense the expensive physical servers. The resulting model is simple, on the fly, and accurate PC evaluation. Furthermore, the latency cost of live migration process is modelled, included the down time, which the VM takes to be completely transferred to the target server. Alongside, the link distance/delay cost between the migration servers is discussed.

IEEE EUROCON 2017 -17th International Conference on Smart Technologies, 2017

This paper introduces a cost effective scheme for a Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) based on v... more This paper introduces a cost effective scheme for a Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) based on virtualization, which is a technology used to reduce Power Consumption (PC) in the Base Band Unit (BBU pool). The BBU's function is proposed to be as a software application running in a servers, which is called the virtual BBU (vBBU). To asses the proposal scheme, a power model of the BBU pool is proposed for C-RAN architecture. This provides a parametrized and optimized linear power model, which cover all the individual aspects in the C-RAN system relevant for the PC analysis in the BBU pool. Moreover, in this work a New Minimum Bin Slack (NMBS) algorithm is proposed, which combines with the Bin Packing Method (BPM) to minimize the number of vBBUs. The NMBS is aimed at matching the right amount of baseband processing load of Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) with load balancing as much as possible among all of the vBBUs, and switching off others. The baseband processing procedure for each vBBU is divided into N tasks, which can be processed by multiple vBBUs so as to offer system flexibility. The proposed architecture is based on integer linear programming for finding the minimum number of vBBUs. The simulation results show the NMBS effectively decreases the number of active vBBUs and decreases the PC in C-RAN when compared with other algorithms. In addition, this algorithm reduced the average PC in the BBU pool by 65%, 6%, and 3% less than for the Distributed Baseline (DB), the First Fit Decreasing (FFD) algorithm and the Heuristic Simulating Annealing (HSA) algorithm, respectively.

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020

In this paper, the dispersion of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with five rings hexagonal geometry ... more In this paper, the dispersion of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with five rings hexagonal geometry have investigated by varying different parameters. Many researchers had used small size of fiber ( small pitch distance) to ensure the single mode operation but decreasing the pitch distance leads to increasing the dispersion. It is important to get suitable pitch distance so that it is not large to avoid the multimode operation and not small to avoid high dispersion. In this work, this condition has obtained depended on V-parameter. We have estimated the V-parameter by using the step-index fiber approximation. The Pitch distance which has been obtained is 5 um with low dispersion and low V-parameter ≤ 2.405 (single mode operation). In addition, to get more low dispersion and V-parameter, a doping with two different value of Ge ( 4.1% and 7%) has been applied in core.

2018 10th Computer Science and Electronic Engineering (CEEC), 2018

This paper proposed to reduce power consumption and cost of operation in the BBU pool by switch o... more This paper proposed to reduce power consumption and cost of operation in the BBU pool by switch off number of BBUs that work at low traffic load. Two algorithms have been proposed, one to convert the operation processing of switched off BBUs to the remaining ones depending on their valuable capacities. The other one is to control the electronic Smart Switch (SS) in order to exchange the traffic load between the Optical Transmitters (OTXs). Mathematical representation model of power consumption for C-RAN has been modified. The C-RAN applied by using the DWDM/SCM-PON-RoF architecture to decrease the cost effectiveness. The results in system model validation showed a reduction in the BBUs utilization of 84% and 83% in residential and office area respectively. Furthermore, OTXs operation has been reduced by 86% during the 24 hours compared with the conventional RAN network.

2017 9th Computer Science and Electronic Engineering (CEEC), 2017

In this paper, a live migration of the virtual machines (VMs) power consumption (PC) model is int... more In this paper, a live migration of the virtual machines (VMs) power consumption (PC) model is introduced in the virtualised cloud radio access networks (C-RANs). The model proposed an easy and parameterised model to evaluate the power cost of migrating the VMs from one server to another. This work is different than other research works found in the literature. It is not based on software, utilisation ratio or heuristics. Rather, it is based on converting and generalising the concepts of live migration process and experimental results from other works, which are based on the aforementioned tools. The proposed model converts the power cost of live migration from a function of utilisation ratio to a function of server PC. This means it supports researchers to dispense the expensive physical servers. The resulting model is simple, on the fly, and accurate PC evaluation. Furthermore, the latency cost of live migration process is modelled, included the down time, which the VM takes to be completely transferred to the target server. Alongside, the link distance/delay cost between the migration servers is discussed.

IEEE EUROCON 2017 -17th International Conference on Smart Technologies, 2017

This paper introduces a cost effective scheme for a Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) based on v... more This paper introduces a cost effective scheme for a Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) based on virtualization, which is a technology used to reduce Power Consumption (PC) in the Base Band Unit (BBU pool). The BBU's function is proposed to be as a software application running in a servers, which is called the virtual BBU (vBBU). To asses the proposal scheme, a power model of the BBU pool is proposed for C-RAN architecture. This provides a parametrized and optimized linear power model, which cover all the individual aspects in the C-RAN system relevant for the PC analysis in the BBU pool. Moreover, in this work a New Minimum Bin Slack (NMBS) algorithm is proposed, which combines with the Bin Packing Method (BPM) to minimize the number of vBBUs. The NMBS is aimed at matching the right amount of baseband processing load of Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) with load balancing as much as possible among all of the vBBUs, and switching off others. The baseband processing procedure for each vBBU is divided into N tasks, which can be processed by multiple vBBUs so as to offer system flexibility. The proposed architecture is based on integer linear programming for finding the minimum number of vBBUs. The simulation results show the NMBS effectively decreases the number of active vBBUs and decreases the PC in C-RAN when compared with other algorithms. In addition, this algorithm reduced the average PC in the BBU pool by 65%, 6%, and 3% less than for the Distributed Baseline (DB), the First Fit Decreasing (FFD) algorithm and the Heuristic Simulating Annealing (HSA) algorithm, respectively.