Widhya Budiawan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Widhya Budiawan

Research paper thumbnail of Solution Processed Non-Fullerene All Small Molecules Solar Cell Using Perylene Diimide Acceptor Material

2022 International Conference on Radar, Antenna, Microwave, Electronics, and Telecommunications (ICRAMET)

Research paper thumbnail of Well-aligned Vertically Oriented ZnO Nanorod Arrays and their Application in Inverted Small Molecule Solar Cells

Journal of Visualized Experiments

Research paper thumbnail of Free-Standing Carbon Electrode Modified by Polyvinyl Alcohol for Efficient HTM-Free Perovskite Solar Cells

2022 International Conference on Radar, Antenna, Microwave, Electronics, and Telecommunications (ICRAMET)

Research paper thumbnail of Core-twisted tetrachloroperylenediimide additives improve the crystallinity of perovskites to provide efficient perovskite solar cells

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Research paper thumbnail of A Design Analysis of High Flow Rate Serial Connection Multi-Chamber Piezoelectric Micropump for Drug Delivery System

2021 International Conference on Radar, Antenna, Microwave, Electronics, and Telecommunications (ICRAMET), 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Well-aligned Vertically Oriented ZnO Nanorod Arrays and their Application in Inverted Small Molecule Solar Cells

Journal of Visualized Experiments, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Efficient molecular solar cells processed from green solvent mixtures

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2017

A PCE of greater than 8% is the highest ever achieved for a molecular solar cell processed using ... more A PCE of greater than 8% is the highest ever achieved for a molecular solar cell processed using a green solvent.

Research paper thumbnail of Enhance the light-harvesting capability of the ITO-free inverted small molecule solar cell by ZnO nanorods

Optics Express, 2016

The ITO-free inverted SMPV1:PC 71 BM solar cells with an Al doped ZnO (AZO) transparent electrode... more The ITO-free inverted SMPV1:PC 71 BM solar cells with an Al doped ZnO (AZO) transparent electrodes are fabricated. The AZO thin film prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique exhibits high transmission (>85%) and low sheet resistance (~30 Ω/sq) and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of devices based on AZO electrode can reach around 4%. To further enhance the light harvesting of the absorption layer of solar cells, ZnO nanorods interlayer is grown on the AZO layer before the deposition the active layer. The absorption spectrums of devices under various conditions are also simulated by RCWA method to identify the optical saturation length of the ZnO nanorods. The PCE of ITO-free inverted small molecule solar cell improved with ZnO nanorods can reach 6.6%.

Research paper thumbnail of Toward environmentally compatible molecular solar cells processed from halogen-free solvents

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016

A PCE of greater than 7% is the highest achieved so far when using halogen-free solvents for smal... more A PCE of greater than 7% is the highest achieved so far when using halogen-free solvents for small-molecule OPV processing.

Research paper thumbnail of Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Magnet Bonded NdFeB dengan Teknik Green Compact

Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya, 2013

Telah dilakukan penelitian proses pembuatan permanen magnet bonded NdFeB dengan menggunakan tekni... more Telah dilakukan penelitian proses pembuatan permanen magnet bonded NdFeB dengan menggunakan teknik green compact. Magnet bonded ini dibuat dengan menggunakan serbuk magnet NdFeB MQEP 16-7, serbuk magnet ini sudah memiliki komposisi serbuk NdFeB dan bindernya berupa epoxy resin, serbuk ini memiliki kelebihan yaitu tahan korosi. 10 gr serbuk MQEP dikompaksi dengan teknik green compact, kemudian dibakar untuk mendapatkan magnet bonded yang kuat dan kompak. Green compact dengan variasi kompaksi 25, 35 dan 45 kg/cm 2 , sedangkan temperatur divariasikan 150, 175 dan 200 • C. Sampel hasil kompaksi dihitung densitas fisiknya, diukur rapat fluks magnetnya dengan menggunakan Gaussmeter Yokogawa dan dikarakteristik sifat magnetnya dengan Permagraph Magnet Physik Germany. Penelitian ini menghasilkan magnet bonded NdFeB terbaik pada perlakuan green compact dengan tekanan 25 kg/cm 2 dan temperatur burn compact 200 • C yaitu dengan densitas fisik 4,74 gr/cm3 dan rapat fluks magnetik 2100 Gauss. Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan permagraph magnet physik diperoleh nilai induksi remanen (Br) sebesar 5,8 kG, daya koersifitas (Hc) sebesar 6,618 kOe dan produk energi maksimum (Bhmax) sebesar 4,56 MGOe.

Research paper thumbnail of Synergistic improvements in stability and performance of lead iodide perovskite solar cells incorporating salt additives

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2016

Alkali metal halide additives chelate with Pb2+ ions during film formation promoting homogeneous ... more Alkali metal halide additives chelate with Pb2+ ions during film formation promoting homogeneous nucleation, which greatly enhances the power conversion efficiency (15.08%) and stability (over 50 days) of planar perovskite solar cells.

Research paper thumbnail of Controlled mechanical cleavage of bulk niobium diselenide to nanoscaled sheet, rod, and particle structures for Pt-free dye-sensitized solar cells

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014

A one-step process for the preparation of NbSe2 nanostructures under the effects of mechanical fo... more A one-step process for the preparation of NbSe2 nanostructures under the effects of mechanical forces to be used as Pt replacement CEs in DSSCs is reported.

Research paper thumbnail of Fabrication of flexible indium tin oxide-free polymer solar cells with silver nanowire transparent electrode

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 2018

Flexible indium tin oxide (ITO)-free poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ... more Flexible indium tin oxide (ITO)-free poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PC 61 BM) solar cells with a spincoated silver nanowire transparent electrode are demonstrated. The solution-processed silver nanowire thin film not only exhibits high transmission (>87%), but also shows low sheet resistance R s (>25 Ω/sq). For solar cells with a conventional structure, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of devices based on silver nanowires can reach around 2.29%. For the inverted structure, the PCE of devices can reach 3.39%. Conventional and inverted flexible ITO-based P3HT:PC 61 BM solar cells are also fabricated as a reference for comparison. For both types of solar cells, the PCE of ITO-free devices is very close that of an ITO-based polymer solar cell.

Research paper thumbnail of Enhanced Organic Solar Cell Performance by Lateral Side Chain Engineering on Benzodithiophene-Based Small Molecules

ACS Applied Energy Materials

The three novel acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A) conjugated small molecules were synthesized, each... more The three novel acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A) conjugated small molecules were synthesized, each featuring a benzodithiophene (BDT) core presenting lateral flexible side chains: TB-BDT6T substituted with 2-ethynyl-5-octylthiophene, TS-BDT6T substituted with 2-(octylthio)thiophene, and TT-BDT6T substituted with 2-(2-ethylhexyl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene groups. The lateral incorporation of functionalized π-conjugated flexible side chains, without altering the end-capped acceptor (cyanoacetate) moieties, amended the optoelectronic properties of these BDT-based small molecules. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy revealed that these small molecules possess high crystallinity; moreover, the optimized blend film morphologies, recorded using atomic force microscopy, revealed miscibility with PC61BM, and turn out nanoscale phase separations. The energy levels of the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of these small molecules were allowed, leading to high open-circuit voltages (Voc) for their solar...

Research paper thumbnail of Enhanced Organic Solar Cell Performance by Lateral Side Chain Engineering on Benzodithiophene-Based Small Molecules

The three novel acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A) conjugated small molecules were synthesized, each... more The three novel acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A) conjugated small molecules were synthesized, each featuring a benzodithiophene (BDT) core presenting lateral flexible side chains: TB-BDT6T substituted with 2-ethynyl-5-octylthiophene, TS-BDT6T substituted with 2-(octylthio)thiophene, and TT-BDT6T substituted with 2-(2-ethylhexyl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene groups. The lateral incorporation of functionalized π-conjugated flexible side chains, without altering the end-capped acceptor (cyanoacetate) moieties, amended the optoelectronic properties of these BDT-based small molecules. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy revealed that these small molecules possess high crystallinity; moreover, the optimized blend film morphologies, recorded using atomic force microscopy, revealed miscibility with PC61BM, and turn out nanoscale phase separations. The energy levels of the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of these small molecules were allowed, leading to high open-circuit voltage...

Research paper thumbnail of Conjugated Polymer-Based Solar Cells

Organic conjugated polymers-based solar cells (OPVs) have distinct features such as low cost prod... more Organic conjugated polymers-based solar cells (OPVs) have distinct features such as low cost production, lightweight, flexibility, electronic functional versatility from chemical synthesis, roll-to-roll compatible large area fabrication, (semi) transparency and potentially environmental friendly, etc. The performance of OPV has been greatly improved in last decade, now reaching over 12%.

Research paper thumbnail of Asymmetric Benzotrithiophene-Based Hole Transporting Materials Provide High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

In this study, we synthesized a series of small-molecule benzotrithiophenes (BTTs) and used them ... more In this study, we synthesized a series of small-molecule benzotrithiophenes (BTTs) and used them as hole transporting materials (HTMs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The asymmetric benzo[2,1-b:-3,4-b':5,6-b″]trithiophene unit was used as the central core to which were appended various donor groups, namely, carbazole (BTT-CB), thieno thiophene (BTT-FT), triphenylamine (BTT-TPA), and bithiophene (BTT-TT). The extended aromatic core in the asymmetric BTT provided full planarity, thereby favoring intermolecular π-stacking and charge transport. The physical, optical, and electrical properties of these small-molecule HTMs are reported herein. BTT-TT displayed good crystallinity and superior hole mobility, when compared with those of the other three HTMs, and formed smooth and uniform surfaces when covering the perovskite active layer. Accordingly, among the devices prepared in this study, a PSC incorporating BTT-TT as the HTM achieved the highest power conversion efficiency (18.58%...

Research paper thumbnail of Luminescence Nanopartikelemisi Cahayatampak Sebagai Tintapengaman

LUMINESCENCE NANOPARTIKELEMISI CAHAYATAMPAK SEBAGAI TINTAPENGAMAN . Nanopartikel ZnO disintesis d... more LUMINESCENCE NANOPARTIKELEMISI CAHAYATAMPAK SEBAGAI TINTAPENGAMAN . Nanopartikel ZnO disintesis dengan metode sol-gel dengan menggunakan LiOH sebagai agen hidrolisisnya. Hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan difraksi sinar X (XRD) untuk mengkaji kristalinitas dan UV Vis untuk menentukan lebar celah pita energi. Koloid nanopartikel yang dihasilkan memiliki ukuran sekitar 3 nm yang menghasilkan celah pita energi sekitar 3,53 eV. Kristalinitas nanopartikel dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi LiOH yang digunakan. ZnO berukuran 3 nm dapat menghasilkan luminescence cahaya biru jika disinari ultraviolet. Pembesaran ukuran partikel menyebabkan pergeseran luminescence ke arah merah. Luminescence cahaya tampak pada koloid dimanfaatkan sebagai tinta pengaman. Pada penelitian ini juga dilaporkan uji tinta menggunakan nanopartikel dengan memvariasikan sejumlah parameter seperti jenis kertas, warna kertas dan komposisi tinta.

Research paper thumbnail of A Study on Application Zinc Oxide (Zno) Nanoparticles as Security Ink for Valuable Documents

Ink made from zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles colloid has been synthesized by using a sol-gel meth... more Ink made from zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles colloid has been synthesized by using a sol-gel method. Employing an XRD, it was obtained that the sizes of particles were around 3-4 nm. Utilizing a UV-Vis spectrometer, it was found that the band gap energies were 3.5 and 3.45 eV for the sizes of 3 and 4 nm, respectively. For the purpose of testing the ink effectiveness, the ZnO colloid was mixed with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 or glycerine. Using pure ZnO colloid as printer ink, invisible characters under natural illumination had been successfully printed on specific papers. Under ultraviolet (UV) illumination, the invisible characters became visible. The developed ink, therefore, has potential applications for security of bank notes or passbooks.

Research paper thumbnail of Solution Processed Non-Fullerene All Small Molecules Solar Cell Using Perylene Diimide Acceptor Material

2022 International Conference on Radar, Antenna, Microwave, Electronics, and Telecommunications (ICRAMET)

Research paper thumbnail of Well-aligned Vertically Oriented ZnO Nanorod Arrays and their Application in Inverted Small Molecule Solar Cells

Journal of Visualized Experiments

Research paper thumbnail of Free-Standing Carbon Electrode Modified by Polyvinyl Alcohol for Efficient HTM-Free Perovskite Solar Cells

2022 International Conference on Radar, Antenna, Microwave, Electronics, and Telecommunications (ICRAMET)

Research paper thumbnail of Core-twisted tetrachloroperylenediimide additives improve the crystallinity of perovskites to provide efficient perovskite solar cells

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Research paper thumbnail of A Design Analysis of High Flow Rate Serial Connection Multi-Chamber Piezoelectric Micropump for Drug Delivery System

2021 International Conference on Radar, Antenna, Microwave, Electronics, and Telecommunications (ICRAMET), 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Well-aligned Vertically Oriented ZnO Nanorod Arrays and their Application in Inverted Small Molecule Solar Cells

Journal of Visualized Experiments, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Efficient molecular solar cells processed from green solvent mixtures

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2017

A PCE of greater than 8% is the highest ever achieved for a molecular solar cell processed using ... more A PCE of greater than 8% is the highest ever achieved for a molecular solar cell processed using a green solvent.

Research paper thumbnail of Enhance the light-harvesting capability of the ITO-free inverted small molecule solar cell by ZnO nanorods

Optics Express, 2016

The ITO-free inverted SMPV1:PC 71 BM solar cells with an Al doped ZnO (AZO) transparent electrode... more The ITO-free inverted SMPV1:PC 71 BM solar cells with an Al doped ZnO (AZO) transparent electrodes are fabricated. The AZO thin film prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique exhibits high transmission (>85%) and low sheet resistance (~30 Ω/sq) and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of devices based on AZO electrode can reach around 4%. To further enhance the light harvesting of the absorption layer of solar cells, ZnO nanorods interlayer is grown on the AZO layer before the deposition the active layer. The absorption spectrums of devices under various conditions are also simulated by RCWA method to identify the optical saturation length of the ZnO nanorods. The PCE of ITO-free inverted small molecule solar cell improved with ZnO nanorods can reach 6.6%.

Research paper thumbnail of Toward environmentally compatible molecular solar cells processed from halogen-free solvents

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016

A PCE of greater than 7% is the highest achieved so far when using halogen-free solvents for smal... more A PCE of greater than 7% is the highest achieved so far when using halogen-free solvents for small-molecule OPV processing.

Research paper thumbnail of Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Magnet Bonded NdFeB dengan Teknik Green Compact

Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya, 2013

Telah dilakukan penelitian proses pembuatan permanen magnet bonded NdFeB dengan menggunakan tekni... more Telah dilakukan penelitian proses pembuatan permanen magnet bonded NdFeB dengan menggunakan teknik green compact. Magnet bonded ini dibuat dengan menggunakan serbuk magnet NdFeB MQEP 16-7, serbuk magnet ini sudah memiliki komposisi serbuk NdFeB dan bindernya berupa epoxy resin, serbuk ini memiliki kelebihan yaitu tahan korosi. 10 gr serbuk MQEP dikompaksi dengan teknik green compact, kemudian dibakar untuk mendapatkan magnet bonded yang kuat dan kompak. Green compact dengan variasi kompaksi 25, 35 dan 45 kg/cm 2 , sedangkan temperatur divariasikan 150, 175 dan 200 • C. Sampel hasil kompaksi dihitung densitas fisiknya, diukur rapat fluks magnetnya dengan menggunakan Gaussmeter Yokogawa dan dikarakteristik sifat magnetnya dengan Permagraph Magnet Physik Germany. Penelitian ini menghasilkan magnet bonded NdFeB terbaik pada perlakuan green compact dengan tekanan 25 kg/cm 2 dan temperatur burn compact 200 • C yaitu dengan densitas fisik 4,74 gr/cm3 dan rapat fluks magnetik 2100 Gauss. Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan permagraph magnet physik diperoleh nilai induksi remanen (Br) sebesar 5,8 kG, daya koersifitas (Hc) sebesar 6,618 kOe dan produk energi maksimum (Bhmax) sebesar 4,56 MGOe.

Research paper thumbnail of Synergistic improvements in stability and performance of lead iodide perovskite solar cells incorporating salt additives

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2016

Alkali metal halide additives chelate with Pb2+ ions during film formation promoting homogeneous ... more Alkali metal halide additives chelate with Pb2+ ions during film formation promoting homogeneous nucleation, which greatly enhances the power conversion efficiency (15.08%) and stability (over 50 days) of planar perovskite solar cells.

Research paper thumbnail of Controlled mechanical cleavage of bulk niobium diselenide to nanoscaled sheet, rod, and particle structures for Pt-free dye-sensitized solar cells

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014

A one-step process for the preparation of NbSe2 nanostructures under the effects of mechanical fo... more A one-step process for the preparation of NbSe2 nanostructures under the effects of mechanical forces to be used as Pt replacement CEs in DSSCs is reported.

Research paper thumbnail of Fabrication of flexible indium tin oxide-free polymer solar cells with silver nanowire transparent electrode

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 2018

Flexible indium tin oxide (ITO)-free poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ... more Flexible indium tin oxide (ITO)-free poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PC 61 BM) solar cells with a spincoated silver nanowire transparent electrode are demonstrated. The solution-processed silver nanowire thin film not only exhibits high transmission (>87%), but also shows low sheet resistance R s (>25 Ω/sq). For solar cells with a conventional structure, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of devices based on silver nanowires can reach around 2.29%. For the inverted structure, the PCE of devices can reach 3.39%. Conventional and inverted flexible ITO-based P3HT:PC 61 BM solar cells are also fabricated as a reference for comparison. For both types of solar cells, the PCE of ITO-free devices is very close that of an ITO-based polymer solar cell.

Research paper thumbnail of Enhanced Organic Solar Cell Performance by Lateral Side Chain Engineering on Benzodithiophene-Based Small Molecules

ACS Applied Energy Materials

The three novel acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A) conjugated small molecules were synthesized, each... more The three novel acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A) conjugated small molecules were synthesized, each featuring a benzodithiophene (BDT) core presenting lateral flexible side chains: TB-BDT6T substituted with 2-ethynyl-5-octylthiophene, TS-BDT6T substituted with 2-(octylthio)thiophene, and TT-BDT6T substituted with 2-(2-ethylhexyl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene groups. The lateral incorporation of functionalized π-conjugated flexible side chains, without altering the end-capped acceptor (cyanoacetate) moieties, amended the optoelectronic properties of these BDT-based small molecules. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy revealed that these small molecules possess high crystallinity; moreover, the optimized blend film morphologies, recorded using atomic force microscopy, revealed miscibility with PC61BM, and turn out nanoscale phase separations. The energy levels of the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of these small molecules were allowed, leading to high open-circuit voltages (Voc) for their solar...

Research paper thumbnail of Enhanced Organic Solar Cell Performance by Lateral Side Chain Engineering on Benzodithiophene-Based Small Molecules

The three novel acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A) conjugated small molecules were synthesized, each... more The three novel acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A) conjugated small molecules were synthesized, each featuring a benzodithiophene (BDT) core presenting lateral flexible side chains: TB-BDT6T substituted with 2-ethynyl-5-octylthiophene, TS-BDT6T substituted with 2-(octylthio)thiophene, and TT-BDT6T substituted with 2-(2-ethylhexyl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene groups. The lateral incorporation of functionalized π-conjugated flexible side chains, without altering the end-capped acceptor (cyanoacetate) moieties, amended the optoelectronic properties of these BDT-based small molecules. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy revealed that these small molecules possess high crystallinity; moreover, the optimized blend film morphologies, recorded using atomic force microscopy, revealed miscibility with PC61BM, and turn out nanoscale phase separations. The energy levels of the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of these small molecules were allowed, leading to high open-circuit voltage...

Research paper thumbnail of Conjugated Polymer-Based Solar Cells

Organic conjugated polymers-based solar cells (OPVs) have distinct features such as low cost prod... more Organic conjugated polymers-based solar cells (OPVs) have distinct features such as low cost production, lightweight, flexibility, electronic functional versatility from chemical synthesis, roll-to-roll compatible large area fabrication, (semi) transparency and potentially environmental friendly, etc. The performance of OPV has been greatly improved in last decade, now reaching over 12%.

Research paper thumbnail of Asymmetric Benzotrithiophene-Based Hole Transporting Materials Provide High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

In this study, we synthesized a series of small-molecule benzotrithiophenes (BTTs) and used them ... more In this study, we synthesized a series of small-molecule benzotrithiophenes (BTTs) and used them as hole transporting materials (HTMs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The asymmetric benzo[2,1-b:-3,4-b':5,6-b″]trithiophene unit was used as the central core to which were appended various donor groups, namely, carbazole (BTT-CB), thieno thiophene (BTT-FT), triphenylamine (BTT-TPA), and bithiophene (BTT-TT). The extended aromatic core in the asymmetric BTT provided full planarity, thereby favoring intermolecular π-stacking and charge transport. The physical, optical, and electrical properties of these small-molecule HTMs are reported herein. BTT-TT displayed good crystallinity and superior hole mobility, when compared with those of the other three HTMs, and formed smooth and uniform surfaces when covering the perovskite active layer. Accordingly, among the devices prepared in this study, a PSC incorporating BTT-TT as the HTM achieved the highest power conversion efficiency (18.58%...

Research paper thumbnail of Luminescence Nanopartikelemisi Cahayatampak Sebagai Tintapengaman

LUMINESCENCE NANOPARTIKELEMISI CAHAYATAMPAK SEBAGAI TINTAPENGAMAN . Nanopartikel ZnO disintesis d... more LUMINESCENCE NANOPARTIKELEMISI CAHAYATAMPAK SEBAGAI TINTAPENGAMAN . Nanopartikel ZnO disintesis dengan metode sol-gel dengan menggunakan LiOH sebagai agen hidrolisisnya. Hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan difraksi sinar X (XRD) untuk mengkaji kristalinitas dan UV Vis untuk menentukan lebar celah pita energi. Koloid nanopartikel yang dihasilkan memiliki ukuran sekitar 3 nm yang menghasilkan celah pita energi sekitar 3,53 eV. Kristalinitas nanopartikel dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi LiOH yang digunakan. ZnO berukuran 3 nm dapat menghasilkan luminescence cahaya biru jika disinari ultraviolet. Pembesaran ukuran partikel menyebabkan pergeseran luminescence ke arah merah. Luminescence cahaya tampak pada koloid dimanfaatkan sebagai tinta pengaman. Pada penelitian ini juga dilaporkan uji tinta menggunakan nanopartikel dengan memvariasikan sejumlah parameter seperti jenis kertas, warna kertas dan komposisi tinta.

Research paper thumbnail of A Study on Application Zinc Oxide (Zno) Nanoparticles as Security Ink for Valuable Documents

Ink made from zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles colloid has been synthesized by using a sol-gel meth... more Ink made from zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles colloid has been synthesized by using a sol-gel method. Employing an XRD, it was obtained that the sizes of particles were around 3-4 nm. Utilizing a UV-Vis spectrometer, it was found that the band gap energies were 3.5 and 3.45 eV for the sizes of 3 and 4 nm, respectively. For the purpose of testing the ink effectiveness, the ZnO colloid was mixed with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 or glycerine. Using pure ZnO colloid as printer ink, invisible characters under natural illumination had been successfully printed on specific papers. Under ultraviolet (UV) illumination, the invisible characters became visible. The developed ink, therefore, has potential applications for security of bank notes or passbooks.