Wilant van Giessen - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Uploads

Papers by Wilant van Giessen

Research paper thumbnail of Rapid Analysis of Electronically Monitored Homopteran Feeding Behavior

Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 1998

Historically, a bottleneck in the analysis of electronically monitored insect feeding behavior (E... more Historically, a bottleneck in the analysis of electronically monitored insect feeding behavior (EMIF) of homopterans has been the conversion of raw waveform data into a format that is easy to analyze. Here we present an efficient method for the analysis of EMIF recordings using Microsoft Excel, a popular spreadsheet program. Recordings were made with WinDaq, data-acquisition software from Dataq Instruments. Waveform transitions were saved to file using WinDaq's annotation utility. Subsequent data analysis of the WinDaq data file was performed using a custom-designed Microsoft Excel EMIF workbook. After experiment-specific variables are entered and the data file is imported by the user, a complete analysis is performed automatically. The Excel workbook summarizes the results and generates an output file for further statistical analysis. Any EMIF data file containing waveform codes and cumulative time (i.e., time from the beginning of the recording, in seconds) can be analyzed. The new method described in this article was used to analyze EMIF recordings of 2 homopteran species, Aphis gossypii Glover (Aphididae) andEmpoascakraemeriRoss & Moore (Cicadellidae). Identification and file export took an average of 5 s per waveform occurrence; the total time required to identify all waveforms and export them to file will depend on the number of occurrences of each waveform in the EMIF recording, quality of the recording, waveform variability, level of user experience, and computer speed. The subsequent analysis of each recording with the EMIF workbook took between 1 and 2 min. Use of the EMIF workbook has the following advantages: (1) it can be used to analyze EMIF recordings of any homopteran species; (2) it is compatible with any data acquisition software capable of exporting data files containing waveform codes and cumulative time, as well as with data files with a similar format; (3) it can be used in conjunction with both AC and DC EMIF systems; and (4) it is fast, flexible, and user-friendly.

Research paper thumbnail of EAG shape analysis across multiple insect species

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Planting Pattern of Collards on Resistance to Whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and on Parasitoid Abundance

Journal of Economic Entomology, 2000

Fourteen collard entries, Brassica oleraceae L., Acephala group, were evaluated for resistance to... more Fourteen collard entries, Brassica oleraceae L., Acephala group, were evaluated for resistance to natural populations of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring in replicated Þeld plots in Charleston, SC. Glossy-leaf phenotypes (ÔSC GlazeÕ, ÔSC LandraceÕ, ÔGreen GlazeÕ) were the most resistant collard entries and had fewer whiteßies than the nonglossy, open-pollinated cultivars. Also, two F 1 hybrid cultivars with normal, nonglossy leaves (ÔBlue MaxÕ and ÔTop BunchÕ) were resistant. In laboratory experiments, there were no differences in the intrinsic rate of growth (r s) of B. argentifolii populations on either glossy or nonglossy collard phenotypes. Over a 2-yr period, there were no differences in the abundance of whiteßies on the glossy phenotype of Green Glaze when it was planted in solid 20-plant plots or when it was alternated (every other plant) with the nonglossy phenotype of Green Glaze. In a similarly designed experiment, there was no difference in the resistance of Blue Max in either solid or mixed planting scheme compared with the susceptible ÔMorris HeadingÕ. Higher numbers of whiteßies and parasitoids (primarily Eretmocerus spp.) were collected on yellow sticky cards in the solid plantings of the nonglossy phenotype of Green Glaze than were collected in the solid plantings of the glossy Green Glaze phenotype. Counts on sticky cards in the mixed plots were intermediate. These data show that planting pattern of collard entries is relatively unimportant in the deployment of these sources of host plant resistance. The data also suggest that nonpreference is the primary mode of resistance to whiteßies for certain collard entries.

Research paper thumbnail of The Influence of Host Site Experience on Subsequent Flight Behavior in Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Research paper thumbnail of A learning-related variation in electroantennogram responses of a parasitic wasp

Physiological Entomology, 1990

Odour responses of parasitic insects, in search of their hosts, can change due to experience. Lep... more Odour responses of parasitic insects, in search of their hosts, can change due to experience. Leptopilina heterotoma (Thomson) (Hymenoptera; Eucoilidae), a parasitic wasp of drosophilid larvae, is known to alter its preference for odours emanating from host food substrates through learning. These kinds of behavioural modifications in insects are assumed to be the result of complex processes in the brain. The results presented in this report, however, suggest that this learning-related behavioural variation is not restricted to brain processes but that it involves changes in sensitivity of olfactory receptor neurones.

Research paper thumbnail of Rapid Analysis of Electronically Monitored Homopteran Feeding Behavior

Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 1998

Page 1. BEHAVIOR Rapid Analysis of Electronically Monitored Homopteran Feeding BehaviorWILANT A. ... more Page 1. BEHAVIOR Rapid Analysis of Electronically Monitored Homopteran Feeding BehaviorWILANT A. VAN GIESSEN1-2 AND D. MICHAEL JACKSON US Vegetable Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414-5334 Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Quantification of electroantennogram responses of the primary rhinaria ofAcyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) to C4-C8 primary alcohols and aldehydes

Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1994

Electroantennograms (EAGs) of the distal and proximal primary rhinaria (DPR and PPR, respectively... more Electroantennograms (EAGs) of the distal and proximal primary rhinaria (DPR and PPR, respectively) were recorded from excised antennae of alate virginoparous pea aphids,Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Primary unsaturated alcohols and aldehydes with varying carbon length (C4-C8) were used as volatile stimuli. EAGs were recorded for a series of source concentrations from the DPR and PPR separately through the use of sectional electroantennography. A logistic equation was fitted to the source concentration-response data. Differences in relative EAG response of the DPR and PPR to the alcohols and aldehydes were analyzed by deriving five parameters from this logistic equation. These parameters relate to particular characteristics of sigmoid curves: the saturation (maximum) EAG response (R s ), the concentration for which the relative EAG response is ½R s (CR50), the stimulus response range (SR 0.9), the threshold concentration (CR1), and the EAG response area (A R ). Of these parameters, the EAG response area showed the largest separation between EAG responses of the DPR and PPR to the two homologous groups and between compounds with varying carbon chain lengths. The DPR was significantly more responsive to alcohols than to aldehydes, while the reverse was true for the PPR, indicating a basic difference between the two primary rhinaria. The highest overall responses were elicited by 1-hexanol, hexanal, and heptanal.

Research paper thumbnail of Rapid Analysis of Electronically Monitored Homopteran Feeding Behavior

Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 1998

Historically, a bottleneck in the analysis of electronically monitored insect feeding behavior (E... more Historically, a bottleneck in the analysis of electronically monitored insect feeding behavior (EMIF) of homopterans has been the conversion of raw waveform data into a format that is easy to analyze. Here we present an efficient method for the analysis of EMIF recordings using Microsoft Excel, a popular spreadsheet program. Recordings were made with WinDaq, data-acquisition software from Dataq Instruments. Waveform transitions were saved to file using WinDaq's annotation utility. Subsequent data analysis of the WinDaq data file was performed using a custom-designed Microsoft Excel EMIF workbook. After experiment-specific variables are entered and the data file is imported by the user, a complete analysis is performed automatically. The Excel workbook summarizes the results and generates an output file for further statistical analysis. Any EMIF data file containing waveform codes and cumulative time (i.e., time from the beginning of the recording, in seconds) can be analyzed. The new method described in this article was used to analyze EMIF recordings of 2 homopteran species, Aphis gossypii Glover (Aphididae) andEmpoascakraemeriRoss & Moore (Cicadellidae). Identification and file export took an average of 5 s per waveform occurrence; the total time required to identify all waveforms and export them to file will depend on the number of occurrences of each waveform in the EMIF recording, quality of the recording, waveform variability, level of user experience, and computer speed. The subsequent analysis of each recording with the EMIF workbook took between 1 and 2 min. Use of the EMIF workbook has the following advantages: (1) it can be used to analyze EMIF recordings of any homopteran species; (2) it is compatible with any data acquisition software capable of exporting data files containing waveform codes and cumulative time, as well as with data files with a similar format; (3) it can be used in conjunction with both AC and DC EMIF systems; and (4) it is fast, flexible, and user-friendly.

Research paper thumbnail of EAG shape analysis across multiple insect species

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Planting Pattern of Collards on Resistance to Whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and on Parasitoid Abundance

Journal of Economic Entomology, 2000

Fourteen collard entries, Brassica oleraceae L., Acephala group, were evaluated for resistance to... more Fourteen collard entries, Brassica oleraceae L., Acephala group, were evaluated for resistance to natural populations of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring in replicated Þeld plots in Charleston, SC. Glossy-leaf phenotypes (ÔSC GlazeÕ, ÔSC LandraceÕ, ÔGreen GlazeÕ) were the most resistant collard entries and had fewer whiteßies than the nonglossy, open-pollinated cultivars. Also, two F 1 hybrid cultivars with normal, nonglossy leaves (ÔBlue MaxÕ and ÔTop BunchÕ) were resistant. In laboratory experiments, there were no differences in the intrinsic rate of growth (r s) of B. argentifolii populations on either glossy or nonglossy collard phenotypes. Over a 2-yr period, there were no differences in the abundance of whiteßies on the glossy phenotype of Green Glaze when it was planted in solid 20-plant plots or when it was alternated (every other plant) with the nonglossy phenotype of Green Glaze. In a similarly designed experiment, there was no difference in the resistance of Blue Max in either solid or mixed planting scheme compared with the susceptible ÔMorris HeadingÕ. Higher numbers of whiteßies and parasitoids (primarily Eretmocerus spp.) were collected on yellow sticky cards in the solid plantings of the nonglossy phenotype of Green Glaze than were collected in the solid plantings of the glossy Green Glaze phenotype. Counts on sticky cards in the mixed plots were intermediate. These data show that planting pattern of collard entries is relatively unimportant in the deployment of these sources of host plant resistance. The data also suggest that nonpreference is the primary mode of resistance to whiteßies for certain collard entries.

Research paper thumbnail of The Influence of Host Site Experience on Subsequent Flight Behavior in Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Research paper thumbnail of A learning-related variation in electroantennogram responses of a parasitic wasp

Physiological Entomology, 1990

Odour responses of parasitic insects, in search of their hosts, can change due to experience. Lep... more Odour responses of parasitic insects, in search of their hosts, can change due to experience. Leptopilina heterotoma (Thomson) (Hymenoptera; Eucoilidae), a parasitic wasp of drosophilid larvae, is known to alter its preference for odours emanating from host food substrates through learning. These kinds of behavioural modifications in insects are assumed to be the result of complex processes in the brain. The results presented in this report, however, suggest that this learning-related behavioural variation is not restricted to brain processes but that it involves changes in sensitivity of olfactory receptor neurones.

Research paper thumbnail of Rapid Analysis of Electronically Monitored Homopteran Feeding Behavior

Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 1998

Page 1. BEHAVIOR Rapid Analysis of Electronically Monitored Homopteran Feeding BehaviorWILANT A. ... more Page 1. BEHAVIOR Rapid Analysis of Electronically Monitored Homopteran Feeding BehaviorWILANT A. VAN GIESSEN1-2 AND D. MICHAEL JACKSON US Vegetable Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414-5334 Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Quantification of electroantennogram responses of the primary rhinaria ofAcyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) to C4-C8 primary alcohols and aldehydes

Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1994

Electroantennograms (EAGs) of the distal and proximal primary rhinaria (DPR and PPR, respectively... more Electroantennograms (EAGs) of the distal and proximal primary rhinaria (DPR and PPR, respectively) were recorded from excised antennae of alate virginoparous pea aphids,Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Primary unsaturated alcohols and aldehydes with varying carbon length (C4-C8) were used as volatile stimuli. EAGs were recorded for a series of source concentrations from the DPR and PPR separately through the use of sectional electroantennography. A logistic equation was fitted to the source concentration-response data. Differences in relative EAG response of the DPR and PPR to the alcohols and aldehydes were analyzed by deriving five parameters from this logistic equation. These parameters relate to particular characteristics of sigmoid curves: the saturation (maximum) EAG response (R s ), the concentration for which the relative EAG response is ½R s (CR50), the stimulus response range (SR 0.9), the threshold concentration (CR1), and the EAG response area (A R ). Of these parameters, the EAG response area showed the largest separation between EAG responses of the DPR and PPR to the two homologous groups and between compounds with varying carbon chain lengths. The DPR was significantly more responsive to alcohols than to aldehydes, while the reverse was true for the PPR, indicating a basic difference between the two primary rhinaria. The highest overall responses were elicited by 1-hexanol, hexanal, and heptanal.