Willem Janssens - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Willem Janssens

Research paper thumbnail of Invloed van het grensvlak op de vochtabsorptie en de mechanische eigenschappen van aramide- en glasvezelcomposieten

SIGLEKULeuven Campusbibliotheek Exacte Wetenschappen / UCL - Université Catholique de LouvainBEBe... more SIGLEKULeuven Campusbibliotheek Exacte Wetenschappen / UCL - Université Catholique de LouvainBEBelgiu

Research paper thumbnail of The process feed for producing Ac-225 by a bestrale Ra-226 with protons

This invention relates to a method for producing actinium-225, which comprises the steps a target... more This invention relates to a method for producing actinium-225, which comprises the steps a target (1) containing Radium-226 is prepared, this object is irradiated with protons in a cyclotron and actinium subsequently separated chemically from the irradiated target material. According to the invention the proton energy in the cyclotron is adjusted such that the energy incident on the Ra-226 is between 10 and 20 MeV, preferably between 14 and 17 MeV. In this way, the yield of production of the desired isotope Ac-225 in relation to other radioisotopes.

Research paper thumbnail of Strategic Export Control

Strategic, or dual-use, goods and associated knowledge have played a key role in the development ... more Strategic, or dual-use, goods and associated knowledge have played a key role in the development of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) and their means of delivery since WWII’s nuclear developments. Nuclear export controls and international safeguards have therefore developed in parallel in various phases, triggered by major international events, which showed how the insufficient scope of the controls existing at that time, as well as how legal framework’s loopholes, could be exploited to acquire sensitive goods. Following a phase of ‘country-to-country’ support in the development of nuclear programmes, the history of proliferation has shown how in particular in the 1980s–1990s the illicit transfer of strategic goods and technology has been an additional key element and threat allowing the development of competences and capabilities. The control of strategic trade was therefore set up as a barrier against the diffusion of sensitive materials, components and technologies, which could b...

Research paper thumbnail of Innovation in Safeguards R&D and EU Contributions to Strengthening the Global Safeguards System

IAEA-CN-184/200 Innovation in Safeguards RD S. Abousahl; R. Berndt; G. Cojazzi; P. Peerani; V. Se... more IAEA-CN-184/200 Innovation in Safeguards RD S. Abousahl; R. Berndt; G. Cojazzi; P. Peerani; V. Sequeira European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy E-mail address of main author: willem.janssens@jrc.ec.europa.eu To address the safeguards challenges in a changing and transnational world, there is a need to combine the "classical" safeguards technologies, with new approaches and tools, which in some cases try to "think outside the box". Research and Development performed by the European Commission Joint Research Centre in this area, include advanced monitoring techniques, open source information and satellite imagery analysis, use of trade data and risk based assessment of sensitive technologies. A number of developments are done in close collaboration with its colleagues in other Directorate General of the European Commission (ENER, RELEX, AIDCO, TRADE etc), with the European Safeguards Research and Development Association, with IAEA, US-DOE, with fac...

Research paper thumbnail of Commercial Satellite Imagery: An Evolving Tool in the Non-proliferation Verification and Monitoring Toolkit

Although commercial satellite imagery has already been proven to be an effective and accepted mea... more Although commercial satellite imagery has already been proven to be an effective and accepted means for nuclear monitoring, verification, and mission planning for IAEA safeguards purposes, it is continuing to advance as a result of significant new improvements in terms of temporal, spatial, and spectral resolutions from increasingly diverse and rapidly growing international satellite constellations. It remains a critical verification technology that provides an optimal, non-intrusive, capability to both follow-up on geospatial cueing information from other open-sources and to remotely “peer over the fence” to obtain new and unique information from otherwise inaccessible areas, anywhere on earth, on a consistently repetitive basis. The improving (“faster, better, cheaper”) means of access to this multi-resolution imagery diversity is providing increased opportunities for open-source information augmentation and unexpected data-fusion synergies. The open-source geospatial tools (e.g.,...

Research paper thumbnail of Outcome and Actions of the 2019 Reflection Group of the European Safeguards Research and Development Association (ESARDA)

The European Safeguards Research and Development Association (ESARDA), founded in 1969, is a volu... more The European Safeguards Research and Development Association (ESARDA), founded in 1969, is a voluntary association of European organizations formed to foster, advance and harmonize research and dev ...

Research paper thumbnail of The IAEA and Euratom after six decades

The International Atomic Energy Agency, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Nuclear Safeguards Challenges from a JRC Perspective

International Cooperation for Enhancing Nuclear Safety, Security, Safeguards and Non-proliferation–60 Years of IAEA and EURATOM, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Advanced Safeguards Measurement, Monitoring and Modelling Laboratory (AS3ML)

Research paper thumbnail of The detection of undeclared LEU production at a GCEP by real time mass balancing

Real-Time Mass Evaluation System (RTMES) performance during undeclared LEU production is examined... more Real-Time Mass Evaluation System (RTMES) performance during undeclared LEU production is examined through simulation. The RTMES is first outlined: the system would analyse load cell data collected continuously from the autoclaves and cooling chambers located in the feed, tails and product stations of a GCEP. These load cells are often installed for operational purposes. The term Real-Time is preferred to

Research paper thumbnail of Contributing to shipping container security: can passive sensors bring a solution?

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Procédé de production de Ac-225 par irradiation de Ra-226 avec protons

Research paper thumbnail of Delbeke, J.F.A. and Howell, J. and Eklund, G. and Peerani, P. and Janssens, W. (2008) The real time mass evaluation system as a tool for detection of undeclared cascade operation at GCEPs. In: 8th International Conference on Facility Operations-Safeguards

Given the ‡exibility of current cascade designs a real time mass monitoring system is preferred. ... more Given the ‡exibility of current cascade designs a real time mass monitoring system is preferred. However, if such a system is to be installed in a GCEP it must not impinge on plant operation or be intrusive. Since load cells are already part of the operational process and located outside the cascade hall their exploitation for safeguards purposes is an obvious development. The paper describes, through dynamic simulations, how tranients would be observed in real-time mass balances when a plant is re-con…gured for undeclared cascade operation.

Research paper thumbnail of Overview of the Cooperative Projects Implemented by the European Commission Joint Research Centre in the Nuclear Security Area Outside Europe

NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics, 2015

This paper starts with an historical overview of the different outreach initiatives and correspon... more This paper starts with an historical overview of the different outreach initiatives and correspondent funding schemes supported by the European Commission in the field of nuclear security. Then it analyses the results of past collaboration under the TACIS and IfS cooperative projects, presents the status of the follow-up programme being implemented and gives an overview of the JRC expertise which can be utilized in a new nuclear safeguards and security programme, as well as under the Centre of Excellence initiative.

Research paper thumbnail of Integrated Border Management: R&D Activities at JRC

NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics

Research paper thumbnail of Load cell monitoring in Gas Centrifuge Enrichment Plants: Potentialities for improved safeguard verifications

Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of On nuclear training and education prospering from the EURATOM Treaty

Atoms for Peace: an International Journal, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of The European Safeguards Research and Development Association Addresses Education, invited

ABSTRACT The renaissance of efforts to expand the use of nuclear energy requires the parallel dev... more ABSTRACT The renaissance of efforts to expand the use of nuclear energy requires the parallel development of a renewed and more sophisticated work force. Growth in the nuclear sector with high standard of safety, safeguards and security requires skilled staff for design, operations, inspections etc. High-quality nuclear technology educational programs are diminished from past years, and the ability of universities to attract students and to meet future staffing requirements of the nuclear industry is becoming seriously compromised. Thus, education and training in nuclear engineering and sciences is one of the cornerstones for the nuclear sector. Teaching in the nuclear field still seems strongly influenced by national history but it is time to strengthen resources and collaborate. Moreover with the current nuclear security threats it becomes critical that nuclear technology experts master the basic principles not only of safety, but also of nuclear safeguards, nonproliferation and nuclear security. In Europe the European Nuclear Education Network (ENEN) Association has established the certificate 'European Master of Science in Nuclear Engineering (EMSNE)' as the classic nuclear engineering program covering reactor operation and nuclear safety. However, it does not include courses on nonproliferation, safeguards, or dual-use technologies. The lack of education in nuclear safeguards was tackled by the European Safeguards Research and Development Association (ESARDA), through development and implementation of safeguards course modules. Since 2005 the ESARDA Working Group, called the Training and Knowledge Management Working Group, (TKMWG) has worked with the Joint Research Centre (JRC) in Ispra, Italy to organize a Nuclear Safeguards and Nonproliferation course. This five-day course is held each spring at the JRC, and continues to show increasing interest as evidenced by the positive responses of international lecturers and students. The standard set of lectures covers a broad range of subjects, including nuclear material accountancy principles, legal definitions and the regulatory base and inspection tools and techniques. This 60% core part is given by representatives from regulatory bodies (The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Directorate General for Nuclear Energy and Transport), industry (AREVA, British Nuclear Group), and research (Stockholm University, Hamburg University, Joint Research Centre-Institute of Transuranic Elements, and Joint Research Centre-Institute for the Protection of the Citizen). The remaining part is completed with topical lectures addressed by invited lecturers, such as from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and the IAEA addressing topics of physical protection, illicit trafficking, the Iraq case study, exercises, including satellite imagery interpretation etc. With this structure of a stable core plus a variable set of invited lectures, the course will remain sustainable and up-to-date. A syllabus provides the students a homogeneous set of information material in nuclear safeguards and nonproliferation matters at the European and international level. In this way, the ESARDA TKMWG aims to contribute to a two-fold scientific-technical and political-juridical education and training.

Research paper thumbnail of Reflection group 2017-2019 report - ESARDA's relevance for the next decade

Research paper thumbnail of Verfahren und vorrichtung zur isotopenselektiven messung chemischer elemente in materialien

Es wird ein Verfahren sowie eine Vorrichtung zur isotopenselektiven Messung chemischer Elemente, ... more Es wird ein Verfahren sowie eine Vorrichtung zur isotopenselektiven Messung chemischer Elemente, insbesondere radioaktiver Elemente, in Materialien, insbesondere radioaktiven Materialien, beschrieben, mittels welchem bzw. welcher sowohl die Gesamtkonzentration als auch die Isotopenzusammensetzung der enthaltenen Elemente mit moglichst geringem Aufwand mesbar sein soll. Zur Losung dieser Aufgabe wird vorgeschlagen, zur Messung das Verfahren der optischen Emissionsspektroskopie, bei welchem durch Laserabtrag von einer zu analysierenden Probe ein Plasma in Form einer Probendampfwolke erzeugt wird, mit dem Verfahren der laserinduzierten Fluoreszenzspektroskopie, bei welchem eine laserinduzierte Fluoreszenzanregung der Probendampfwolke erfolgt, zu koppeln.

Research paper thumbnail of Invloed van het grensvlak op de vochtabsorptie en de mechanische eigenschappen van aramide- en glasvezelcomposieten

SIGLEKULeuven Campusbibliotheek Exacte Wetenschappen / UCL - Université Catholique de LouvainBEBe... more SIGLEKULeuven Campusbibliotheek Exacte Wetenschappen / UCL - Université Catholique de LouvainBEBelgiu

Research paper thumbnail of The process feed for producing Ac-225 by a bestrale Ra-226 with protons

This invention relates to a method for producing actinium-225, which comprises the steps a target... more This invention relates to a method for producing actinium-225, which comprises the steps a target (1) containing Radium-226 is prepared, this object is irradiated with protons in a cyclotron and actinium subsequently separated chemically from the irradiated target material. According to the invention the proton energy in the cyclotron is adjusted such that the energy incident on the Ra-226 is between 10 and 20 MeV, preferably between 14 and 17 MeV. In this way, the yield of production of the desired isotope Ac-225 in relation to other radioisotopes.

Research paper thumbnail of Strategic Export Control

Strategic, or dual-use, goods and associated knowledge have played a key role in the development ... more Strategic, or dual-use, goods and associated knowledge have played a key role in the development of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) and their means of delivery since WWII’s nuclear developments. Nuclear export controls and international safeguards have therefore developed in parallel in various phases, triggered by major international events, which showed how the insufficient scope of the controls existing at that time, as well as how legal framework’s loopholes, could be exploited to acquire sensitive goods. Following a phase of ‘country-to-country’ support in the development of nuclear programmes, the history of proliferation has shown how in particular in the 1980s–1990s the illicit transfer of strategic goods and technology has been an additional key element and threat allowing the development of competences and capabilities. The control of strategic trade was therefore set up as a barrier against the diffusion of sensitive materials, components and technologies, which could b...

Research paper thumbnail of Innovation in Safeguards R&D and EU Contributions to Strengthening the Global Safeguards System

IAEA-CN-184/200 Innovation in Safeguards RD S. Abousahl; R. Berndt; G. Cojazzi; P. Peerani; V. Se... more IAEA-CN-184/200 Innovation in Safeguards RD S. Abousahl; R. Berndt; G. Cojazzi; P. Peerani; V. Sequeira European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy E-mail address of main author: willem.janssens@jrc.ec.europa.eu To address the safeguards challenges in a changing and transnational world, there is a need to combine the "classical" safeguards technologies, with new approaches and tools, which in some cases try to "think outside the box". Research and Development performed by the European Commission Joint Research Centre in this area, include advanced monitoring techniques, open source information and satellite imagery analysis, use of trade data and risk based assessment of sensitive technologies. A number of developments are done in close collaboration with its colleagues in other Directorate General of the European Commission (ENER, RELEX, AIDCO, TRADE etc), with the European Safeguards Research and Development Association, with IAEA, US-DOE, with fac...

Research paper thumbnail of Commercial Satellite Imagery: An Evolving Tool in the Non-proliferation Verification and Monitoring Toolkit

Although commercial satellite imagery has already been proven to be an effective and accepted mea... more Although commercial satellite imagery has already been proven to be an effective and accepted means for nuclear monitoring, verification, and mission planning for IAEA safeguards purposes, it is continuing to advance as a result of significant new improvements in terms of temporal, spatial, and spectral resolutions from increasingly diverse and rapidly growing international satellite constellations. It remains a critical verification technology that provides an optimal, non-intrusive, capability to both follow-up on geospatial cueing information from other open-sources and to remotely “peer over the fence” to obtain new and unique information from otherwise inaccessible areas, anywhere on earth, on a consistently repetitive basis. The improving (“faster, better, cheaper”) means of access to this multi-resolution imagery diversity is providing increased opportunities for open-source information augmentation and unexpected data-fusion synergies. The open-source geospatial tools (e.g.,...

Research paper thumbnail of Outcome and Actions of the 2019 Reflection Group of the European Safeguards Research and Development Association (ESARDA)

The European Safeguards Research and Development Association (ESARDA), founded in 1969, is a volu... more The European Safeguards Research and Development Association (ESARDA), founded in 1969, is a voluntary association of European organizations formed to foster, advance and harmonize research and dev ...

Research paper thumbnail of The IAEA and Euratom after six decades

The International Atomic Energy Agency, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Nuclear Safeguards Challenges from a JRC Perspective

International Cooperation for Enhancing Nuclear Safety, Security, Safeguards and Non-proliferation–60 Years of IAEA and EURATOM, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Advanced Safeguards Measurement, Monitoring and Modelling Laboratory (AS3ML)

Research paper thumbnail of The detection of undeclared LEU production at a GCEP by real time mass balancing

Real-Time Mass Evaluation System (RTMES) performance during undeclared LEU production is examined... more Real-Time Mass Evaluation System (RTMES) performance during undeclared LEU production is examined through simulation. The RTMES is first outlined: the system would analyse load cell data collected continuously from the autoclaves and cooling chambers located in the feed, tails and product stations of a GCEP. These load cells are often installed for operational purposes. The term Real-Time is preferred to

Research paper thumbnail of Contributing to shipping container security: can passive sensors bring a solution?

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Procédé de production de Ac-225 par irradiation de Ra-226 avec protons

Research paper thumbnail of Delbeke, J.F.A. and Howell, J. and Eklund, G. and Peerani, P. and Janssens, W. (2008) The real time mass evaluation system as a tool for detection of undeclared cascade operation at GCEPs. In: 8th International Conference on Facility Operations-Safeguards

Given the ‡exibility of current cascade designs a real time mass monitoring system is preferred. ... more Given the ‡exibility of current cascade designs a real time mass monitoring system is preferred. However, if such a system is to be installed in a GCEP it must not impinge on plant operation or be intrusive. Since load cells are already part of the operational process and located outside the cascade hall their exploitation for safeguards purposes is an obvious development. The paper describes, through dynamic simulations, how tranients would be observed in real-time mass balances when a plant is re-con…gured for undeclared cascade operation.

Research paper thumbnail of Overview of the Cooperative Projects Implemented by the European Commission Joint Research Centre in the Nuclear Security Area Outside Europe

NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics, 2015

This paper starts with an historical overview of the different outreach initiatives and correspon... more This paper starts with an historical overview of the different outreach initiatives and correspondent funding schemes supported by the European Commission in the field of nuclear security. Then it analyses the results of past collaboration under the TACIS and IfS cooperative projects, presents the status of the follow-up programme being implemented and gives an overview of the JRC expertise which can be utilized in a new nuclear safeguards and security programme, as well as under the Centre of Excellence initiative.

Research paper thumbnail of Integrated Border Management: R&D Activities at JRC

NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics

Research paper thumbnail of Load cell monitoring in Gas Centrifuge Enrichment Plants: Potentialities for improved safeguard verifications

Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of On nuclear training and education prospering from the EURATOM Treaty

Atoms for Peace: an International Journal, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of The European Safeguards Research and Development Association Addresses Education, invited

ABSTRACT The renaissance of efforts to expand the use of nuclear energy requires the parallel dev... more ABSTRACT The renaissance of efforts to expand the use of nuclear energy requires the parallel development of a renewed and more sophisticated work force. Growth in the nuclear sector with high standard of safety, safeguards and security requires skilled staff for design, operations, inspections etc. High-quality nuclear technology educational programs are diminished from past years, and the ability of universities to attract students and to meet future staffing requirements of the nuclear industry is becoming seriously compromised. Thus, education and training in nuclear engineering and sciences is one of the cornerstones for the nuclear sector. Teaching in the nuclear field still seems strongly influenced by national history but it is time to strengthen resources and collaborate. Moreover with the current nuclear security threats it becomes critical that nuclear technology experts master the basic principles not only of safety, but also of nuclear safeguards, nonproliferation and nuclear security. In Europe the European Nuclear Education Network (ENEN) Association has established the certificate 'European Master of Science in Nuclear Engineering (EMSNE)' as the classic nuclear engineering program covering reactor operation and nuclear safety. However, it does not include courses on nonproliferation, safeguards, or dual-use technologies. The lack of education in nuclear safeguards was tackled by the European Safeguards Research and Development Association (ESARDA), through development and implementation of safeguards course modules. Since 2005 the ESARDA Working Group, called the Training and Knowledge Management Working Group, (TKMWG) has worked with the Joint Research Centre (JRC) in Ispra, Italy to organize a Nuclear Safeguards and Nonproliferation course. This five-day course is held each spring at the JRC, and continues to show increasing interest as evidenced by the positive responses of international lecturers and students. The standard set of lectures covers a broad range of subjects, including nuclear material accountancy principles, legal definitions and the regulatory base and inspection tools and techniques. This 60% core part is given by representatives from regulatory bodies (The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Directorate General for Nuclear Energy and Transport), industry (AREVA, British Nuclear Group), and research (Stockholm University, Hamburg University, Joint Research Centre-Institute of Transuranic Elements, and Joint Research Centre-Institute for the Protection of the Citizen). The remaining part is completed with topical lectures addressed by invited lecturers, such as from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and the IAEA addressing topics of physical protection, illicit trafficking, the Iraq case study, exercises, including satellite imagery interpretation etc. With this structure of a stable core plus a variable set of invited lectures, the course will remain sustainable and up-to-date. A syllabus provides the students a homogeneous set of information material in nuclear safeguards and nonproliferation matters at the European and international level. In this way, the ESARDA TKMWG aims to contribute to a two-fold scientific-technical and political-juridical education and training.

Research paper thumbnail of Reflection group 2017-2019 report - ESARDA's relevance for the next decade

Research paper thumbnail of Verfahren und vorrichtung zur isotopenselektiven messung chemischer elemente in materialien

Es wird ein Verfahren sowie eine Vorrichtung zur isotopenselektiven Messung chemischer Elemente, ... more Es wird ein Verfahren sowie eine Vorrichtung zur isotopenselektiven Messung chemischer Elemente, insbesondere radioaktiver Elemente, in Materialien, insbesondere radioaktiven Materialien, beschrieben, mittels welchem bzw. welcher sowohl die Gesamtkonzentration als auch die Isotopenzusammensetzung der enthaltenen Elemente mit moglichst geringem Aufwand mesbar sein soll. Zur Losung dieser Aufgabe wird vorgeschlagen, zur Messung das Verfahren der optischen Emissionsspektroskopie, bei welchem durch Laserabtrag von einer zu analysierenden Probe ein Plasma in Form einer Probendampfwolke erzeugt wird, mit dem Verfahren der laserinduzierten Fluoreszenzspektroskopie, bei welchem eine laserinduzierte Fluoreszenzanregung der Probendampfwolke erfolgt, zu koppeln.