William Karp - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by William Karp

Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 1964

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2004

Van Holliday completed his Ph.D. dissertation, entitled ``Resonance and Doppler Structure from Pe... more Van Holliday completed his Ph.D. dissertation, entitled ``Resonance and Doppler Structure from Pelagic Fish Schools,'' in 1972. He soon published two journal articles based on this research, marking the first steps in a long, distinguished and ongoing contribution to fisheries science. He has published extensively to document his acoustic research on marine life, covering the size spectrum from plankton to marine mammals. This entire body of work is of interest to fisheries biologists who strive to understand the dynamics of populations at all trophic levels to help them better understand the fish populations they study. From this perspective, his advances in acoustic methods, technologies, and instrumentation, and his extensive biological and ecological research should all be considered important contributions to fisheries science. Trained as a physicist, his unique ability to transcend the barriers between physical and biological scientists has been elemental to his success. We recognize Van Holliday for his groundbreaking acoustic research on fish and other forms of marine life, and his scientific and technical excellence. We also recognize Van for his leadership, encouragement, mentoring, and support of colleagues and young scientists, and the vision and focus that he continues to bring to the field of fisheries acoustics worldwide.

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ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2014

In this paper, we synthesize information presented at the 2nd Fishery Dependent Information (FDI)... more In this paper, we synthesize information presented at the 2nd Fishery Dependent Information (FDI) Conference, held in Rome, Italy, from 2 to 6 March 2014. We review current issues and advances in the collection, interpretation and application of fishery-dependent data, and highlight emergent findings in the field. Key issues include (i) the design and collection of data associated with commercial and recreational fisheries and the use of these data to support conventional and novel approaches to fisheries science and management and (ii) the role of fishers in co-management and policy setting. We noted that since the 2010 FDI conference a paradigm shift towards full engagement of key stakeholders started to take place. It also became evident that trust between stakeholders, managers, and scientists is necessary to develop efficient fishery monitoring programmes. While building such trust among key players often begins in informal settings, eventually one must evolve structured, formalized, and agreed processes for such interactions. We also conclude that because of the diversity of fisheries any determination of "best practices" may be difficult. Instead, we provide a list of "best principles" emerged from the conference.

Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 1972

ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2007

. Fishing practice, gear design, and the ecosystem approach-three case studies demonstrating the ... more . Fishing practice, gear design, and the ecosystem approach-three case studies demonstrating the effect of management strategy on gear selectivity and discards. -ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 744 -750. A basic tenet of the ecosystem approach to fisheries management is that harvesting is conducted with minimal impact on juvenile fish, non-target species, and marine habitats. A range of technical modifications of fishing gears aimed at improving their selective properties is available to help achieve these goals, but their effectiveness varies. Through three case studies, we describe how management controls influence fishing behaviour and the adoption of more selective gear, and demonstrate how conservation goals can be discouraged or encouraged by the strategy. In Norway, limits set on the maximum quantity of sublegal fish that may be retained on board, in combination with a ban on discarding, resulted in substantial area closures in the Barents Sea. Therefore, to gain access, fishers developed technical modifications to enhance gear selectivity. In both shrimp and demersal trawl fisheries, the modifications are now being used by virtually the whole fleet. To reduce cod mortality in the North Sea, mesh sizes were increased and effort restrictions introduced, but the measures also affected other fleets, notably those targeting Nephrops: fishers for that species reduced their mesh size to prevent loss of target species and to avoid effort restrictions. Although management measures may have resulted in reduced fishing mortality on cod, they placed additional pressure on other stocks by encouraging vessels to switch gears, and it is likely that discard rates have increased. In the eastern Bering Sea fishery for walleye pollock, the adoption of more-selective fishing gears was encouraged by regulations requiring fisheries to be curtailed when bycatch rates of prohibited species are exceeded, leading to underutilization of the target species through premature closures. Fishers now act cooperatively by providing real-time data on bycatch hot spots, allowing tactical fishing decisions to be taken to avoid such areas.