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Papers by William West

Research paper thumbnail of High voltage and high specific capacity dual intercalating electrode Li-ion batteries

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Research paper thumbnail of Age Impacts Pulmonary Inflammation and Systemic Bone Response to Inhaled Organic Dust Exposure

Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A, Jan 5, 2015

Agricultural workers have high rates of airway and skeletal health disease. Studies recently demo... more Agricultural workers have high rates of airway and skeletal health disease. Studies recently demonstrated that inhaled agricultural organic dust extract (ODE)-induced airway injury is associated with bone deterioration in an animal model. However, the effect of age in governing these responses to organic dusts is unclear, but might be important in future approaches. Young (7-9 wk) and older (12-14,o) male C57BL/6 mice received intranasal (i.n.) inhalation exposure to ODE from swine confinement facilities once or daily for 3 wk. Acute ODE-induced neutrophil influx and cytokine and chemokine (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-6, keratinocyte chemoattractant [CXCL1], macrophage inflammatory protein-2 [CXCL2]) airway production were reduced in older compared to young mice. Repetitive ODE treatment, however, increased lymphocyte recruitment and alveolar compartment histopathologic inflammatory changes in older mice. Whole lung cell infiltrate analysis revealed that young, b...

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Research paper thumbnail of First Principles Hierarchical Selection and Testing of Anion Receptors for High Specific Energy Lithium-Fluoride Batteries

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Research paper thumbnail of Development of Li-ion battery electrolytes with improved safety for NASA applications

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Research paper thumbnail of Sixty-five thousand shades of gray: importance of color in surgical pathology diagnoses

Human Pathology, 2015

Digital whole slide imaging (WSI) is a diagnostic modality that has gained acceptance as a tool f... more Digital whole slide imaging (WSI) is a diagnostic modality that has gained acceptance as a tool for use in some areas of surgical pathology such as remote consultations. Accurate control of color representation of digitally rendered images of histologic sections is considered an important parameter of WSI. Currently, professional societies, physicians, and other stakeholders are in the process of establishing clinical guidelines outlining the use of these devices, which include color integrity and color calibration of scanners and viewing devices. Although color is a component of surgical pathology diagnoses, it was posited that pathologists could accurately diagnose surgical specimens without color. To test this hypothesis, 5 pathologists were presented breast biopsy specimens from 20 patients consisting of 22 separate tissue specimens and WSI of 158 hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides imaged at ×20. No special stains were included. The pathologists reviewed each case using a 16-bit grayscale monitor and rendered a diagnosis for each case. Diagnoses were compared to the original light microscopy diagnoses and scored for concordance. A 92.7% concordance was observed. Discordant diagnoses represented well-known areas of diagnostic disagreement in breast pathology as well as known limitations of WSI. The research demonstrated that surgical pathologists did not rely primarily on color to render accurate diagnoses of breast biopsy cases but rather used architectural features of tissue and cellular morphology to reach a diagnostic conclusion. This research did not suggest that color is an unimportant factor in pathology diagnosis, but its importance may be overstated.

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Research paper thumbnail of Preparation of thick-film LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 electrodes by aerosol deposition and its application to all-solid-state batteries

Journal of Power Sources, 2014

ABSTRACT We prepared thick and dense-crystalline LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NMC) composite films at roo... more ABSTRACT We prepared thick and dense-crystalline LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NMC) composite films at room temperature that can work well as cathodes in all-solid-state battery cells. The thick films were fabricated by aerosol deposition using NMC powder (D50 = 10.61 μm) as a source material. Commercially-obtained NMC powder did not form films at all on silicon wafer substrates, and cracking of the substrates was observed. However, a few tens of nanometer coating with amorphous niobium oxide resulted in the deposition of 7 μm-thick crystalline dense composite films. The films were successfully fabricated also on Li+-conductive glass-ceramic sheets with 150 μm in thickness, and all-solid-state batteries were fabricated. The solid-state battery provided a cathode-basis discharge capacity of 152 mAh g-1 (3.0-4.2 V, 0.025 C, 333 K) and repeated charge-discharge cycles for 20 cycles.

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Research paper thumbnail of Electrolytes with Improved Safety Developed for High Specific Energy Li-Ion Cells with Si-Based Anodes

ECS Transactions, 2013

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Research paper thumbnail of Cell type of origin as well as genetic alterations contribute to breast cancer phenotypes

Oncotarget, Jan 20, 2015

Breast cancer is classified into different subtypes that are associated with different patient su... more Breast cancer is classified into different subtypes that are associated with different patient survival outcomes, underscoring the importance of understanding the role of precursor cell and genetic alterations in determining tumor subtypes. In this study, we evaluated the oncogenic phenotype of two distinct mammary stem/progenitor cell types designated as K5+/K19- or K5+/K19+ upon introduction of identical combinations of oncogenes-mutant H-Ras (mRas) and mutant p53 (mp53), together with either wild-type ErbB2(wtErbB2) or wild-type EGFR (wtEGFR). We examined their tumor forming and metastasis potential, using both in-vitro and in-vivo assays. Both the combinations efficiently transformed K5+/K19- or K5+/K19+ cells. Xenograft tumors formed by these cells were histologically heterogeneous, with variable proportions of luminal, basal-like and claudin-low type components depending on the cell types and oncogene combinations. Notably, K5+/K19- cells transformed with mRas/mp53/wtEGFR comb...

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Research paper thumbnail of Proteases in agricultural dust induce lung inflammation through PAR-1 and PAR-2 activation

American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology, Jan 19, 2015

Workers exposed to aerosolized dust present in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) are... more Workers exposed to aerosolized dust present in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) are susceptible to inflammatory lung diseases such as COPD. Extracts of dust collected from hog CAFOs (HDE) are potent stimulators of lung inflammatory responses in several model systems. The observation that HDE contains active proteases prompted the present study, which evaluated the role of CAFO dust proteases in lung inflammatory processes and tested whether protease-activated receptors (PARs) are involved in the signaling pathway for these events. We hypothesized that the damaging proinflammatory effect of HDE is due partly to proteolytic activation of PARs, and inhibiting HDE proteases or disrupting PAR activation would attenuate HDE-mediated inflammatory indices in bronchial epithelial cells (BECs), mouse lung slices in vitro, and in a murine in vivo exposure model. Human BECs and mouse lung slice cultures stimulated with 5% HDE released significantly more of each of the cytokines me...

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Research paper thumbnail of Clinically Undiagnosed Prostate Carcinoma Metastatic to Renal Oncocytoma

Case Reports in Urology, 2012

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Research paper thumbnail of The Impact of Age in the Airway Inflammatory Response to Organic Dust Exposure in Mice

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2015

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Research paper thumbnail of Investigations on Electrochemical Behavior and Structural Stability of Li 1.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 O 2 Lithium-Ion Cathodes via in-Situ and ex-Situ Raman Spectroscopy

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2014

ABSTRACT In the present work, we performed electrochemical measurements to investigate Li (de)int... more ABSTRACT In the present work, we performed electrochemical measurements to investigate Li (de)intercalation behavior and Raman spectroscopic studies to understand structural changes during charge–discharge processes and verify the structural stability after electrochemical cycling of the AlPO4-coated Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 composite cathode. Physicochemical characterization techniques confirmed the well-crystalline layered composite nature of the prepared material. Electrochemical measurements indicated high discharge capacities of 230 and 160 mAh/g at C/20 and 1C, respectively, with good cycling performance. In-situ Raman spectroscopic studies revealed extraction of lithium and oxide ions from the lattice followed by rearrangement of cations during the first cycle charging process and extraction of oxide ions followed by insertion of lithium ions back in the structure without any major change during the discharging process. Ex-situ Raman and microscopic measurements on the cathode before and after electrochemical cycling indicated the structural stability of the material. Studies performed on the AlPO4-coated composite cathode demonstrate the possibility of using it as next-generation cathode material for advanced lithium-ion batteries.

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Research paper thumbnail of Deep Discharge and Elevated Temperature Cycling of LiMn1. 485Ni0. 45Cr0. 05O4 Spinel Cathodes: Solid-State Cell Studies

ABSTRACT LiNi0.5−xMn1.5MexO4 (Me = Cr, Co, Fe, Al, Ga) (LNM) provides specific capacity of ca. 13... more ABSTRACT LiNi0.5−xMn1.5MexO4 (Me = Cr, Co, Fe, Al, Ga) (LNM) provides specific capacity of ca. 130 mAh/g between 5.0 V–3.5 V though discharge to 2 V can yield 250 mAh/g. Others have shown in liquid electrolyte cells that discharge to 2 V results in steep capacity fade associated with phase transitions below 3.5 V. We show that in thin-film cells, LNM can be cycled at 25°C and 100°C between 5 V–1.9 V with little capacity fade over 100–200 cycles. These findings suggest that rapid capacity fade of LNM at deep discharge for liquid electrolyte cells is not due to an inherent crystallographic limitation of LNM.

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Research paper thumbnail of Solid Electrolyte for Thin Film Energy Storage Devices

36th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, 2001

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Research paper thumbnail of Flexible substrate a-Si:H TFTs for space applications

Conference Digest [Late News Papers volume included]Device Research Conference, 2004. 62nd DRC., 2004

We have fabricated hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) TFTs on Kapton(R) polyimide flexible s... more We have fabricated hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) TFTs on Kapton(R) polyimide flexible substrates and characterized their response to deployment-like mechanical stresses and to radiation exposure. To maintain substrate flatness and provide improved thermal transfer during fabrication, we used a pressure-sensitive silicone gel adhesive layer to mount Kapton(R) substrates onto glass carriers. The test results, presented in this paper, are encouraging for space use of a-Si:H TFTs on polymeric substrates. Device function was retained even after 1 Mrad fast electron irradiation, and irradiation-induced device changes were removed by low-temperature thermal annealing. Although some TFTs were destroyed by substrate stressing, the majority survived with only small changes, suggesting that care in device design and placement may reduce or eliminate this problem.

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Research paper thumbnail of Maresin-1 reduces airway inflammation associated with acute and repetitive exposures to organic dust

Translational Research, 2015

Agriculture industry workers are at a higher risk for chronic bronchitis and obstructive pulmonar... more Agriculture industry workers are at a higher risk for chronic bronchitis and obstructive pulmonary diseases, and current therapeutics are not entirely effective. We previously found that the specialized proresolving lipid mediator maresin-1 (MaR1) reduced proinflammatory cytokine release and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in bronchial epithelial cells exposed to extracts of organic dust (DE) derived from swine confinement facilities in vitro. The objective of this study was to determine whether MaR1 is effective at limiting lung inflammation associated with acute and repetitive exposures to DE in an established murine model of inhalant dust exposures. C57Bl/6 mice were treated with MaR1 or vehicle control and intranasally instilled with DE once or daily for 3 weeks. Bronchioalveolar lavage fluid was analyzed for total and differential cell counts and proinflammatory cytokine levels, and lung tissues were assessed for histopathology and ICAM-1 expression. In both single and repetitive DE exposure studies, MaR1 significantly decreased bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophil infiltration, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, and chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 1 levels without altering repetitive DE-induced bronchioalveolar inflammation or lymphoid aggregate formation. Lung tissue ICAM-1 expression was also reduced in both single and repetitive exposure studies. These data suggest that MaR1 might contribute to an effective strategy to reduce airway inflammatory diseases induced by agricultural-related organic dust environmental exposures.

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Research paper thumbnail of Semantic analysis of SNOMED CT for a post-coordinated database of histopathology findings

Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA

This research investigated the use of SNOMED CT to represent diagnostic tissue morphologies and n... more This research investigated the use of SNOMED CT to represent diagnostic tissue morphologies and notable tissue architectures typically found within a pathologist's microscopic examination report to identify gaps in expressivity of SNOMED CT for use in anatomic pathology. 24 breast biopsy cases were reviewed by two board certified surgical pathologists who independently described the diagnostically important tissue architectures and diagnostic morphologies observed by microscopic examination. In addition, diagnostic comments and details were extracted from the original diagnostic pathology report. 95 unique clinical statements were extracted from 13 malignant and 11 benign breast needle biopsy cases. 75% of the inventoried diagnostic terms and statements could be represented by valid SNOMED CT expressions. The expressions included one pre-coordinated expression and 73 post-coordinated expressions. No valid SNOMED CT expressions could be identified or developed to unambiguously as...

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Research paper thumbnail of Lithium Ion Batteries for Space Applications

2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference, 2007

ABSTRACT Interplanetary missions require rechargeable batteries with unique performance character... more ABSTRACT Interplanetary missions require rechargeable batteries with unique performance characteristics: high specific energy, wide operating temperatures, demonstrated reliability, and safety. Li-ion batteries are fast becoming the most common energy storage solution for these missions, as they are able to meet the more demanding technical specifications without being excessively massive. At JPL, we have undertaken materials development studies on both cathodes and electrolytes with the goal of further enhancing battery specific energy, discharge and charge capability, and functional temperature range. Results of these studies are described below.

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Research paper thumbnail of Extreme Temperature Sensing System for Venus Surface Missions

2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference, 2008

Abstract Previous Venus landers used high temperature pressure vessels with passive thermal prote... more Abstract Previous Venus landers used high temperature pressure vessels with passive thermal protection systems and protected conventional electronics, which limited their surface operation life to 127 minutes. The operating life and science return for future ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Concordance between whole-slide imaging and light microscopy for routine surgical pathology

Human Pathology, 2012

The use of high-resolution digital images of histopathology slides as a routine diagnostic tool f... more The use of high-resolution digital images of histopathology slides as a routine diagnostic tool for surgical pathology was investigated. The study purpose was to determine the diagnostic concordance between pathologic interpretations using whole-slide imaging and standard light microscopy. Two hundred fifty-one consecutive surgical pathology cases (312 parts, 1085 slides) from a single pathology service were included in the study after cases had been signed out and reports generated. A broad array of diagnostic challenges and tissue sources were represented, including 52 neoplastic cases. All cases were digitized at ×20 and presented to 2 pathologists for diagnosis using whole-slide imaging as the sole diagnostic tool. Diagnoses rendered by the whole-slide imaging pathologists were compared with the original light microscopy diagnoses. Overall concordance between whole-slide imaging and light microscopy as determined by a third pathologist and jury panel was 96.5% (95% confidence interval, 94.8%-98.3%). Concordance between whole-slide imaging pathologists was 97.7% (95% confidence interval, 94.7%-99.2%). Five cases were discordant between the whole-slide imaging diagnosis and the original light microscopy diagnosis, of which 2 were clinically significant. Discordance resulted from interpretive criteria or diagnostic error. The whole-slide imaging modality did not contribute to diagnostic differences. Problems encountered by the whole-slide imaging pathologists primarily involved the inability to clearly visualize nuclear detail or microscopic organisms. Technical difficulties associated with image scanning required at least 1 slide be rescanned in 13% of the cases. Technical and operational issues associated with whole-slide imaging scanning devices used in this study were found to be the most significant obstacle to the use of whole-slide imaging in general surgical pathology.

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Research paper thumbnail of High voltage and high specific capacity dual intercalating electrode Li-ion batteries

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Age Impacts Pulmonary Inflammation and Systemic Bone Response to Inhaled Organic Dust Exposure

Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A, Jan 5, 2015

Agricultural workers have high rates of airway and skeletal health disease. Studies recently demo... more Agricultural workers have high rates of airway and skeletal health disease. Studies recently demonstrated that inhaled agricultural organic dust extract (ODE)-induced airway injury is associated with bone deterioration in an animal model. However, the effect of age in governing these responses to organic dusts is unclear, but might be important in future approaches. Young (7-9 wk) and older (12-14,o) male C57BL/6 mice received intranasal (i.n.) inhalation exposure to ODE from swine confinement facilities once or daily for 3 wk. Acute ODE-induced neutrophil influx and cytokine and chemokine (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-6, keratinocyte chemoattractant [CXCL1], macrophage inflammatory protein-2 [CXCL2]) airway production were reduced in older compared to young mice. Repetitive ODE treatment, however, increased lymphocyte recruitment and alveolar compartment histopathologic inflammatory changes in older mice. Whole lung cell infiltrate analysis revealed that young, b...

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Research paper thumbnail of First Principles Hierarchical Selection and Testing of Anion Receptors for High Specific Energy Lithium-Fluoride Batteries

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Development of Li-ion battery electrolytes with improved safety for NASA applications

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Sixty-five thousand shades of gray: importance of color in surgical pathology diagnoses

Human Pathology, 2015

Digital whole slide imaging (WSI) is a diagnostic modality that has gained acceptance as a tool f... more Digital whole slide imaging (WSI) is a diagnostic modality that has gained acceptance as a tool for use in some areas of surgical pathology such as remote consultations. Accurate control of color representation of digitally rendered images of histologic sections is considered an important parameter of WSI. Currently, professional societies, physicians, and other stakeholders are in the process of establishing clinical guidelines outlining the use of these devices, which include color integrity and color calibration of scanners and viewing devices. Although color is a component of surgical pathology diagnoses, it was posited that pathologists could accurately diagnose surgical specimens without color. To test this hypothesis, 5 pathologists were presented breast biopsy specimens from 20 patients consisting of 22 separate tissue specimens and WSI of 158 hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides imaged at ×20. No special stains were included. The pathologists reviewed each case using a 16-bit grayscale monitor and rendered a diagnosis for each case. Diagnoses were compared to the original light microscopy diagnoses and scored for concordance. A 92.7% concordance was observed. Discordant diagnoses represented well-known areas of diagnostic disagreement in breast pathology as well as known limitations of WSI. The research demonstrated that surgical pathologists did not rely primarily on color to render accurate diagnoses of breast biopsy cases but rather used architectural features of tissue and cellular morphology to reach a diagnostic conclusion. This research did not suggest that color is an unimportant factor in pathology diagnosis, but its importance may be overstated.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Preparation of thick-film LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 electrodes by aerosol deposition and its application to all-solid-state batteries

Journal of Power Sources, 2014

ABSTRACT We prepared thick and dense-crystalline LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NMC) composite films at roo... more ABSTRACT We prepared thick and dense-crystalline LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NMC) composite films at room temperature that can work well as cathodes in all-solid-state battery cells. The thick films were fabricated by aerosol deposition using NMC powder (D50 = 10.61 μm) as a source material. Commercially-obtained NMC powder did not form films at all on silicon wafer substrates, and cracking of the substrates was observed. However, a few tens of nanometer coating with amorphous niobium oxide resulted in the deposition of 7 μm-thick crystalline dense composite films. The films were successfully fabricated also on Li+-conductive glass-ceramic sheets with 150 μm in thickness, and all-solid-state batteries were fabricated. The solid-state battery provided a cathode-basis discharge capacity of 152 mAh g-1 (3.0-4.2 V, 0.025 C, 333 K) and repeated charge-discharge cycles for 20 cycles.

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Research paper thumbnail of Electrolytes with Improved Safety Developed for High Specific Energy Li-Ion Cells with Si-Based Anodes

ECS Transactions, 2013

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Cell type of origin as well as genetic alterations contribute to breast cancer phenotypes

Oncotarget, Jan 20, 2015

Breast cancer is classified into different subtypes that are associated with different patient su... more Breast cancer is classified into different subtypes that are associated with different patient survival outcomes, underscoring the importance of understanding the role of precursor cell and genetic alterations in determining tumor subtypes. In this study, we evaluated the oncogenic phenotype of two distinct mammary stem/progenitor cell types designated as K5+/K19- or K5+/K19+ upon introduction of identical combinations of oncogenes-mutant H-Ras (mRas) and mutant p53 (mp53), together with either wild-type ErbB2(wtErbB2) or wild-type EGFR (wtEGFR). We examined their tumor forming and metastasis potential, using both in-vitro and in-vivo assays. Both the combinations efficiently transformed K5+/K19- or K5+/K19+ cells. Xenograft tumors formed by these cells were histologically heterogeneous, with variable proportions of luminal, basal-like and claudin-low type components depending on the cell types and oncogene combinations. Notably, K5+/K19- cells transformed with mRas/mp53/wtEGFR comb...

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Proteases in agricultural dust induce lung inflammation through PAR-1 and PAR-2 activation

American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology, Jan 19, 2015

Workers exposed to aerosolized dust present in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) are... more Workers exposed to aerosolized dust present in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) are susceptible to inflammatory lung diseases such as COPD. Extracts of dust collected from hog CAFOs (HDE) are potent stimulators of lung inflammatory responses in several model systems. The observation that HDE contains active proteases prompted the present study, which evaluated the role of CAFO dust proteases in lung inflammatory processes and tested whether protease-activated receptors (PARs) are involved in the signaling pathway for these events. We hypothesized that the damaging proinflammatory effect of HDE is due partly to proteolytic activation of PARs, and inhibiting HDE proteases or disrupting PAR activation would attenuate HDE-mediated inflammatory indices in bronchial epithelial cells (BECs), mouse lung slices in vitro, and in a murine in vivo exposure model. Human BECs and mouse lung slice cultures stimulated with 5% HDE released significantly more of each of the cytokines me...

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Research paper thumbnail of Clinically Undiagnosed Prostate Carcinoma Metastatic to Renal Oncocytoma

Case Reports in Urology, 2012

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Research paper thumbnail of The Impact of Age in the Airway Inflammatory Response to Organic Dust Exposure in Mice

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2015

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Research paper thumbnail of Investigations on Electrochemical Behavior and Structural Stability of Li 1.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 O 2 Lithium-Ion Cathodes via in-Situ and ex-Situ Raman Spectroscopy

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2014

ABSTRACT In the present work, we performed electrochemical measurements to investigate Li (de)int... more ABSTRACT In the present work, we performed electrochemical measurements to investigate Li (de)intercalation behavior and Raman spectroscopic studies to understand structural changes during charge–discharge processes and verify the structural stability after electrochemical cycling of the AlPO4-coated Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 composite cathode. Physicochemical characterization techniques confirmed the well-crystalline layered composite nature of the prepared material. Electrochemical measurements indicated high discharge capacities of 230 and 160 mAh/g at C/20 and 1C, respectively, with good cycling performance. In-situ Raman spectroscopic studies revealed extraction of lithium and oxide ions from the lattice followed by rearrangement of cations during the first cycle charging process and extraction of oxide ions followed by insertion of lithium ions back in the structure without any major change during the discharging process. Ex-situ Raman and microscopic measurements on the cathode before and after electrochemical cycling indicated the structural stability of the material. Studies performed on the AlPO4-coated composite cathode demonstrate the possibility of using it as next-generation cathode material for advanced lithium-ion batteries.

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Research paper thumbnail of Deep Discharge and Elevated Temperature Cycling of LiMn1. 485Ni0. 45Cr0. 05O4 Spinel Cathodes: Solid-State Cell Studies

ABSTRACT LiNi0.5−xMn1.5MexO4 (Me = Cr, Co, Fe, Al, Ga) (LNM) provides specific capacity of ca. 13... more ABSTRACT LiNi0.5−xMn1.5MexO4 (Me = Cr, Co, Fe, Al, Ga) (LNM) provides specific capacity of ca. 130 mAh/g between 5.0 V–3.5 V though discharge to 2 V can yield 250 mAh/g. Others have shown in liquid electrolyte cells that discharge to 2 V results in steep capacity fade associated with phase transitions below 3.5 V. We show that in thin-film cells, LNM can be cycled at 25°C and 100°C between 5 V–1.9 V with little capacity fade over 100–200 cycles. These findings suggest that rapid capacity fade of LNM at deep discharge for liquid electrolyte cells is not due to an inherent crystallographic limitation of LNM.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Solid Electrolyte for Thin Film Energy Storage Devices

36th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, 2001

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Flexible substrate a-Si:H TFTs for space applications

Conference Digest [Late News Papers volume included]Device Research Conference, 2004. 62nd DRC., 2004

We have fabricated hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) TFTs on Kapton(R) polyimide flexible s... more We have fabricated hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) TFTs on Kapton(R) polyimide flexible substrates and characterized their response to deployment-like mechanical stresses and to radiation exposure. To maintain substrate flatness and provide improved thermal transfer during fabrication, we used a pressure-sensitive silicone gel adhesive layer to mount Kapton(R) substrates onto glass carriers. The test results, presented in this paper, are encouraging for space use of a-Si:H TFTs on polymeric substrates. Device function was retained even after 1 Mrad fast electron irradiation, and irradiation-induced device changes were removed by low-temperature thermal annealing. Although some TFTs were destroyed by substrate stressing, the majority survived with only small changes, suggesting that care in device design and placement may reduce or eliminate this problem.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Maresin-1 reduces airway inflammation associated with acute and repetitive exposures to organic dust

Translational Research, 2015

Agriculture industry workers are at a higher risk for chronic bronchitis and obstructive pulmonar... more Agriculture industry workers are at a higher risk for chronic bronchitis and obstructive pulmonary diseases, and current therapeutics are not entirely effective. We previously found that the specialized proresolving lipid mediator maresin-1 (MaR1) reduced proinflammatory cytokine release and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in bronchial epithelial cells exposed to extracts of organic dust (DE) derived from swine confinement facilities in vitro. The objective of this study was to determine whether MaR1 is effective at limiting lung inflammation associated with acute and repetitive exposures to DE in an established murine model of inhalant dust exposures. C57Bl/6 mice were treated with MaR1 or vehicle control and intranasally instilled with DE once or daily for 3 weeks. Bronchioalveolar lavage fluid was analyzed for total and differential cell counts and proinflammatory cytokine levels, and lung tissues were assessed for histopathology and ICAM-1 expression. In both single and repetitive DE exposure studies, MaR1 significantly decreased bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophil infiltration, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, and chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 1 levels without altering repetitive DE-induced bronchioalveolar inflammation or lymphoid aggregate formation. Lung tissue ICAM-1 expression was also reduced in both single and repetitive exposure studies. These data suggest that MaR1 might contribute to an effective strategy to reduce airway inflammatory diseases induced by agricultural-related organic dust environmental exposures.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Semantic analysis of SNOMED CT for a post-coordinated database of histopathology findings

Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA

This research investigated the use of SNOMED CT to represent diagnostic tissue morphologies and n... more This research investigated the use of SNOMED CT to represent diagnostic tissue morphologies and notable tissue architectures typically found within a pathologist's microscopic examination report to identify gaps in expressivity of SNOMED CT for use in anatomic pathology. 24 breast biopsy cases were reviewed by two board certified surgical pathologists who independently described the diagnostically important tissue architectures and diagnostic morphologies observed by microscopic examination. In addition, diagnostic comments and details were extracted from the original diagnostic pathology report. 95 unique clinical statements were extracted from 13 malignant and 11 benign breast needle biopsy cases. 75% of the inventoried diagnostic terms and statements could be represented by valid SNOMED CT expressions. The expressions included one pre-coordinated expression and 73 post-coordinated expressions. No valid SNOMED CT expressions could be identified or developed to unambiguously as...

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Research paper thumbnail of Lithium Ion Batteries for Space Applications

2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference, 2007

ABSTRACT Interplanetary missions require rechargeable batteries with unique performance character... more ABSTRACT Interplanetary missions require rechargeable batteries with unique performance characteristics: high specific energy, wide operating temperatures, demonstrated reliability, and safety. Li-ion batteries are fast becoming the most common energy storage solution for these missions, as they are able to meet the more demanding technical specifications without being excessively massive. At JPL, we have undertaken materials development studies on both cathodes and electrolytes with the goal of further enhancing battery specific energy, discharge and charge capability, and functional temperature range. Results of these studies are described below.

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Research paper thumbnail of Extreme Temperature Sensing System for Venus Surface Missions

2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference, 2008

Abstract Previous Venus landers used high temperature pressure vessels with passive thermal prote... more Abstract Previous Venus landers used high temperature pressure vessels with passive thermal protection systems and protected conventional electronics, which limited their surface operation life to 127 minutes. The operating life and science return for future ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Concordance between whole-slide imaging and light microscopy for routine surgical pathology

Human Pathology, 2012

The use of high-resolution digital images of histopathology slides as a routine diagnostic tool f... more The use of high-resolution digital images of histopathology slides as a routine diagnostic tool for surgical pathology was investigated. The study purpose was to determine the diagnostic concordance between pathologic interpretations using whole-slide imaging and standard light microscopy. Two hundred fifty-one consecutive surgical pathology cases (312 parts, 1085 slides) from a single pathology service were included in the study after cases had been signed out and reports generated. A broad array of diagnostic challenges and tissue sources were represented, including 52 neoplastic cases. All cases were digitized at ×20 and presented to 2 pathologists for diagnosis using whole-slide imaging as the sole diagnostic tool. Diagnoses rendered by the whole-slide imaging pathologists were compared with the original light microscopy diagnoses. Overall concordance between whole-slide imaging and light microscopy as determined by a third pathologist and jury panel was 96.5% (95% confidence interval, 94.8%-98.3%). Concordance between whole-slide imaging pathologists was 97.7% (95% confidence interval, 94.7%-99.2%). Five cases were discordant between the whole-slide imaging diagnosis and the original light microscopy diagnosis, of which 2 were clinically significant. Discordance resulted from interpretive criteria or diagnostic error. The whole-slide imaging modality did not contribute to diagnostic differences. Problems encountered by the whole-slide imaging pathologists primarily involved the inability to clearly visualize nuclear detail or microscopic organisms. Technical difficulties associated with image scanning required at least 1 slide be rescanned in 13% of the cases. Technical and operational issues associated with whole-slide imaging scanning devices used in this study were found to be the most significant obstacle to the use of whole-slide imaging in general surgical pathology.

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