Wojciech Tylmann - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Wojciech Tylmann

On the basis of laboratory analyses of Lake Druzno recent sediments it was determined that in the... more On the basis of laboratory analyses of Lake Druzno recent sediments it was determined that in the southern basin of the lake siliciclastic sediments with high water content prevailed. Organic matter and carbonates content did not exceed 40% and in most of analysed samples was less than 20%. Results of grain size analyses demonstrate weak sorting of sediments (1<δ 1 <2) with a domination of silty fraction. Variation of the sediment properties has also its spatial pattern which allowed distinguishing two areas of different character of sedimentation processes. The first one covers the north-eastern part of the southern basin and is characterized by sedimentation of allochthonous material supplied by rivers (Wąska and Elszka). In the central and southern part of the basin, allochthonous material supply does not determine sedimentation processes. The key factors for this area seem to be: primary production and redistribution of sediments by wind-induced waves and bioturbation.

This paper concerns the application of seismoacoustic surveying in the study of the bottom sedime... more This paper concerns the application of seismoacoustic surveying in the study of the bottom sediments of Lake Szurpiły, one of the lakes investigated as part of the NORPOLAR project. High-resolution seismoacoustic profiling allows remote characterization of lake sediments stratigraphy thanks to the recording of acoustic waves reflected from lake bottom. In the presented study, relatively clear seismoacoustic records were obtained only for shallower parts of the lake bottom. The records from deeper parts were homogenous and it was not possible to distinguish the depth of primary bottom built of minerogenic sediments. Distinct changes in the lake sediment's lithology were not possible to determine as well. This could be a result of a greater thickness of sediments containing gas bubbles, in the deep areas of the lake bottom. The presence of a considerable quantity of free gas in the sediment column causes acoustic turbidity and makes the obtained seismoacoustic record very difficul...

Insect Conservation and Diversity, 2015

1. Climate change is one of the key drivers of changes in the biodiversity of the planet. There i... more 1. Climate change is one of the key drivers of changes in the biodiversity of the planet. There is, however, a general lack of long-term data sets showing trends in taxonomic diversity of aquatic insects in high mountain environments particularly vulnerable to climate change. Using palaeolimnological techniques, we explored the changes in subfossil chironomid assemblages from three remote water bodies in the Eastern Alps, with the main focus on taxonomic turnover over different intervals of the late Holocene.

Hyperspectral imaging offers a rapid and cost-effective way of generating records of sediment pro... more Hyperspectral imaging offers a rapid and cost-effective way of generating records of sediment properties and composition at the micrometer-scale. Photopigments and clay minerals detected using this method can reflect temperature, precipitation or runoff and primary production in lake sediments.

Geologija, 2009

Th is paper presents the dating results and basic analyses of recent sediments from Lake Piaseczn... more Th is paper presents the dating results and basic analyses of recent sediments from Lake Piaseczno. Th e age of sediments was determined using the 210 Pb method and constant fl ux : constant sedimentation (CF : CS) model. Th e estimated timescale was in agreement with the AMS 14 C date from the base of the core. Th e mean sediment accumulation rate during the last 100 years was calculated as 0.025 g cm -2 a -1 . Based on the radiocarbon date, the rate of sediment accumulation below the 210 Pb dating horizon was estimated as 0.066 g cm -2 a -1 . Th e variability of main physical properties and sediment components along the core was analysed as well. Th e sediments were characterised by a very high water content (>80%). Carbonates were either not present or at a very low level (<1%). However, organic and minerogenic matter variability represents an interesting record of increasing erosion intensity in the catchment area. Analysis of archival cartographic materials demonstrated that the most likely reason for the enhanced transport of minerogenic matter to the lake was deforestation caused by human activity in the beginning of the 20th century.

Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2014

Pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, charcoal and geochemical analyses of sediments from Lake Salęt (... more Pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, charcoal and geochemical analyses of sediments from Lake Salęt (NE Poland) were used to reconstruct vegetation changes related to the activity of the West Balt tribes during the Iron Age, in the period between the second half of the 7th century BC and the beginning of the 10th century AD. We distinguished five phases of human impact on environment. Woodland clearing around the studied lake started at the end of the 7th century BC. The most characteristic feature of this area during the whole Iron Age was a very high representation of semi-natural Betula woodlands, which was probably linked to a shifting agriculture. This type of land use lasted for over 1,500 years, until the second half of the 9th century AD. The greatest reduction in Betula woodlands took place between cal. years 650 and 450 BC. Its regeneration took place after ca. AD 830 when human activity decreased.

Organic Geochemistry, 2014

We present the stable C isotope record of the changes within the past 20 yr in water level of two... more We present the stable C isotope record of the changes within the past 20 yr in water level of two morphologically different lakes in central Poland. The aim was to explain the relationship between lake water level and the d 13 C signature of bulk sedimentary organic matter (d 13 C TOC ) and to assess the potential of d 13 C TOC as a paleolimnological proxy of lake level change. This was done by comparison of the fossil d 13 C TOC record with instrumental data for lake level change in a shallow and small lake as well as in one large and deep basin. In both lakes the water table varied greatly between 1980 and 2000 AD. The d 13 C TOC data were supplemented with d 15 N and bulk geochemistry data, as well as paleoecological data. We show that d 13 C TOC reacted to short term and low amplitude fluctuation in water level, but the response was highly dependent on the morphometry of the lake. In the shallow and small basin, d 13 C TOC decreased along with lake level drop due to oxidation and greater input of organic matter from macrophytes colonizing the lake bottom. On the contrary, in the deep/large lake d 13 C TOC decreased with increasing water level due to enhanced delivery of soil-derived OM to the lake during highstands. Our results have broad paleolimnological implications as they show that d 13 C TOC cannot act as a universal paleohydrological proxy. Its interpretation for a particular lake can be ambiguous and must be supported with additional geochemical and paleocological information.

Global and Planetary Change, 2014

Varved lake sediments are excellent natural archives providing quantitative insights into climati... more Varved lake sediments are excellent natural archives providing quantitative insights into climatic and environmental changes at very high resolution and chronological accuracy. However, due to the multitude of responses within lake ecosystems it is often difficult to understand how climate variability interacts with other environmental pressures such as eutrophication, and to attribute observed changes to specific causes. This is particularly challenging during the past 100 years when multiple strong trends are superposed.

Quaternary Science Reviews, 2015

Chironomids preserved in varved Lake _ Zabi nskie (54 07 0 54.5 00 N; 21 59 0 01.1 00 E; 120 m a.... more Chironomids preserved in varved Lake _ Zabi nskie (54 07 0 54.5 00 N; 21 59 0 01.1 00 E; 120 m a.s.l), northeastern Poland, were used to reconstruct mean-August air temperature since 1896 AD at annual (1949e2011 AD) and at 3e4 year resolutions (1896e1948 AD). This is one of very few studies using chironomids at such high temporal resolution, for a total of 130 sediment samples analyzed. To infer temperature a combined (Northeastern Canada and Poland) transfer function was developed. This transfer function had 112 lakes (50 from Poland, 72 from Canada) and 95 taxa. The mean-August-air temperature gradient was 23.5 C. The coefficient of determination (r 2 jack ) was 0.88, the root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) was 1.30 C and the maximum bias was 2.08 C.

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2015

Pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs), diatoms, and geochemistry of lake sediments with partiall... more Pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs), diatoms, and geochemistry of lake sediments with partially preserved annual lamination were used to reconstruct post-glacial environmental changes of northern Poland in the Baltic region. The main stages in the lake's evolution indicate the following: (1) eutrophic conditions in the final stage of the Lateglacial, (2) very low trophy and strongly changeable water levels in the early Holocene, (3) slowly rising trophy through the mid-and late Holocene enabling persistence of the oligotrophic state of the lake up to c. AD 1450, (4) strong cultural eutrophication of the lake in the recent period (c. 150 years), and (5) maximum Ca content in the early Holocene followed by a gradual decline to minimum values in recent time. Distinct, concurrent shifts in limnological proxies and tree pollen accumulation rates (PARs) enabled the identification of several potential Holocene cool climatic events of different magnitudes and durations. Strong reduction in Tetraëdron minimum and declines in tree PARs illustrate limitation of physiological processes in plants, which could result from shorter growing seasons and lower summer temperatures and insolation. Higher precipitation of Fe and Mn indicates more intensive weathering in the catchment, while peaks in Fe/Mn ratio and concurrent drops in Ca content suggest at least seasonal anoxia, which could result from a longer duration of ice cover and shorter periods of mixing. The data seem to display striking conformity of the main cooling events with the "Bond cycles" , but also indicate a more variable pattern that may reflect traces of a more complex cyclicity of climatic shifts.

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2011

We investigated sediments from 23 lakes situated in northeastern Poland and analyzed them for maj... more We investigated sediments from 23 lakes situated in northeastern Poland and analyzed them for major constituents and selected heavy metals. Short sediment cores were collected from the deepest parts of the lakes, and subsequently, a surface layer (0-2 cm) and reference layer (50-52 cm) were sampled from each. In the collected samples, the content of the major constituents (organic matter, carbonates, and minerogenic material) and chosen heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) was analyzed. In the reference layer, representing natural metal content, we identified quite a substantial diversity among lakes, making it difficult to pinpoint one geochemical background value for the whole region. A multivariate analysis of the interrelationships among elements and a comparison of the median values revealed no statistically significant differences between surface and reference levels. The ratio of the mean content in the surface and reference sediments ranged from 0.9 to 1.6, indicating the lack of or only slight anthropogenic pollution in surface sediments. From a spatial perspective, higher metal contents were observed in the eastern part of the study area, but this trend manifested in both surface and reference sediments. Thus, the inference is that the recently accumulated sediments are characterized by a content that is representative of the natural geochemical background for the selected metals.

Quaternary Geochronology, 2013

On two short sediment cores from Lake qazduny (northeastern Poland) different methods for age est... more On two short sediment cores from Lake qazduny (northeastern Poland) different methods for age estimation were applied including varve counting, 210 Pb, 137 Cs and OSL dating. The investigated sediment consists of finely laminated, organic-rich calcareous gyttja interrupted by a sand layer. For 210 Pb we tested the CFCS, CIC, CRS and SIT models and compared the results with the established varve chronology and the 137 Cs distribution. The total 210 Pb activity distribution is consistent between cores and shows a regular decrease with depth. However, the total inventory of unsupported 210 Pb was significantly different and indicates varying rates of sediment focusing. Our results show that all 210 Pb dating models used in this study produced different results, while the SIT model performed best in comparison with varve counts and 137 Cs peaks. The CFCS model produced a realistic age-depth trend but obtained ages were too old compared to the varve time scale. The age estimates provided by the CRS model were too old as well with an increasing offset downcore and the CIC model failed completely by producing an unrealistic chronology with age inversions. This confirms that only systematic testing of different 210 Pb dating models and routine validation using independent time markers produces reliable 210 Pb chronologies. OSL dating of two samples from the sand layer provided much too old results which indicate incomplete bleaching during deposition of the analyzed quartz grains. This multiple dating approach demonstrates the considerable potential but also potential pitfalls of dating such young sediments.

Organic Geochemistry, 2006

... validated with 137 Cs distribution) sediment core from a small lake (Pusty Staw) in the coast... more ... validated with 137 Cs distribution) sediment core from a small lake (Pusty Staw) in the coastalBaltic Sea area. ... As such, it is the second most abundant biopolymer in the environment. ... a dated sediment core collected from a small lake with a well-documented history of vegetation ...

Journal of Paleolimnology, 2013

Glacial landscapes of the Land of Great Masurian Lakes and Suwałki Lakelands in northeast Poland ... more Glacial landscapes of the Land of Great Masurian Lakes and Suwałki Lakelands in northeast Poland are characterized by very high abundance of lakes. These two areas were surveyed for lakes containing laminated sediments. Using bathymetry as a criterion, 60 small, deep lakes, representing preferred conditions for formation and preservation of lacustrine non-glacial varves, were selected for gravity coring. We found laminated sediments in 24 of the lakes, 15 in the Land of Great Masurian Lakes and 9 in the Suwałki Lakeland. Seven of these 24 sediment records were laminated in the topmost part only. Analysis of lake morphometric variables showed that the relation between surface area and maximum water depth can be used to identify lakes with laminated sediments. Most of the newly discovered lakes with laminated deposits have surface areas B0.3 km 2 and maximum depths of 15-35 m. Multivariate statistical analysis (Linear Discriminant Analysis) of the lake dataset identified the morphological features of lake basins and their catchments that largely control preservation of laminated sediments. Microscopic and geochemical analyses revealed a biogenic (carbonaceous) type of lamination typical for lakes in northeast Poland. Such lakes are characterized by a spring-summer lamina that is rich in calcium carbonate and an autumn-winter lamina composed of organic and minerogenic detritus. This pattern may be modified by multiple periods of calcite deposition during a single year or substantial contribution of clastic material. Laminations and high sedimentation rates offer the possibility of high-resolution investigation of past climate and environmental changes through application of myriad biological, isotopic and geochemical proxies.

Journal of Paleolimnology, 2012

Environmental Geology, 2007

This article presents the results of a geochemical investigation of sediments from Lake Druzno (n... more This article presents the results of a geochemical investigation of sediments from Lake Druzno (northern Poland), a reservoir fed by freshwater from the catchment, with periodic input of brackish water from Vistula Lagoon. This study analyzed the spatial variation in heavy metal content in surface sediments as well as the temporal changes in metal content in two sediment cores dated using the 210 Pb method. In the surface sediments, the highest metal concentrations were recorded in the northern part of the lake, with lower concentrations in the central and southern parts. Absolute values of metal concentrations in the cores were low, but normalization with respect to Al showed an increase during the second half of the 20th century. Mean enrichment factors (EF) in sediments from the second half of the 20th century ranged from insignificant (1-1.2) for Fe to (1.55-3.3) for Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn. The sediments deposited before 1950 had lower EF values (>1.5) and had low variability. Results from both the surface sediments and the cores indicate that the main source of lake pollution is brackish water intrusion from the Vistula Lagoon via the contaminated River Elbląg.

Despite the fact that sediment dynamics in shallow coastal lakes strongly influences lake water q... more Despite the fact that sediment dynamics in shallow coastal lakes strongly influences lake water quality and is
crucial for preserving good quality paleo-records from coastal zones, the depositional processes in coastal lakes have not
been thoroughly recognised so far. The present study aims at investigating the relationship between lake water circulation
and the distribution of surface sediments, identifying the postdepositional physical mechanisms affecting lake deposits,
and estimating the intensity of sediment mixing in a coastal lake on the Baltic coast. Our approach includes analyses of
sediment grain size and chemical composition, hydrodynamic modelling and measurements of 210Pb activity in sediment
short-cores from various sections of the lake. We showed that the distribution of lithofacies in the lake is explained by
hydrodynamic conditions. Enhanced water dynamics reduces spatial extent of organic-rich lacustrine deposits and results
in the exposure of relic marine-lagoonal sediments. A major part of the lake sediments is prone to vertical mixing by wind
waves to a depth of$40 cm. Hydrodynamic modelling and 210Pb displayed overall agreement in predicting the depth of
sediment mixing. At the same time the limitations of 210Pb as a geochronologic marker in shallow coastal lakes are
revealed. It appears that even exponential depth-wise 210Pb distributions may be produced by storm redeposition.