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Papers by Wolfgang Undorf
BRILL eBooks, 2014
One of the most persistent theories about book acquisition in Scandinavia is that most books with... more One of the most persistent theories about book acquisition in Scandinavia is that most books with pre-Reformation provenance were privately acquired by students during their studies or travels abroad. This chapter looks first at books known to have been in the possession of Scandinavian schools, and in some cases of individual teachers and professors. More than three quarters of the collection consists of religious literature, and a number of the works listed as secular could also qualify for one of the categories of religious literature. Uppsala University Library is stronger than Copenhagen University Library, however, in Bibles and scriptural works (9" in Uppsala, 4" in Copenhagen). Legal literature that falls under the categories of general, canon and civil law in Uppsala makes up 30" of the collection, a markedly higher proportion that the 7.5" in Copenhagen.Keywords: Copenhagen university library; religious literature; Scandinavia; Scandinavian schools; Uppsala university library
BRILL eBooks, 2014
This conclusion presents a few closing remarks on the key concepts discussed in the book From Gut... more This conclusion presents a few closing remarks on the key concepts discussed in the book From Gutenberg to Luther: Transnational Print Cultures in Scandinavia 1450-1525. The authors and works that could be found in Scandinavia could also be found elsewhere in late medieval and early modern Europe, along with a similarly limited readership. The book is distinguished from previous studies of Scandinavian print history by its implementation of three specific theoretical concepts: cultural transfer, transnationalism, and centre-periphery. It is especially concerned with the influence of information on the development of regional book cultures in a transnational context. Scandinavian protagonists often had detailed knowledge of non-Scandinavian book markets, knowledge that exerted decisive influence on the development of domestic book markets. The dynamics, statistics and volume of Scandinavian pre-Reformation book culture, which were woven into networks of international communications and trade, are adequately revealed only by means of a transnational perspective.Keywords: non-Scandinavian book markets; regional book cultures; Scandinavian pre-Reformation book culture; transnationalism
BRILL eBooks, 2014
This chapter examines the trade that brought books into Scandinavia during the first seventy year... more This chapter examines the trade that brought books into Scandinavia during the first seventy years of printed production. That importation of books into Scandinavia significantly affected local printers and helped shape north European literary culture. The books, texts and ideas that were transferred determined the scale and nature of the growth of the Scandinavian market. The earliest products of the printing press to be distributed in Scandinavia, though, were not objects of trade, but letters of indulgence. Mainz and Strasbourg, the first centres of printing in Germany, played a significant role in the early trade in printed books that reached Scandinavia. The earliest Reformation works intended for the Scandinavian market were ordered from and produced in Rostock. For book historians of Scandinavia and north Germany, these figures and dates have provided rather minor evidence of the book trade.Keywords: Mainz; north European literary culture; north Germany; Rostock; Scandinavian book trade; Strasbourg
BRILL eBooks, 2014
Monasteries and churches were the foremost book-owning institutions in the pre-Reformation period... more Monasteries and churches were the foremost book-owning institutions in the pre-Reformation period. A similar progress is identified for a text that was at the heart of the late-fifteenth century rosary movement: Alanus de Rupe's psalter of the Virgin Mary was printed in Gripsholm, Sweden, in 1498 and distributed by the Carthusians of the monastery at Mariefred over a major part of central and western Europe. After the introduction of the Reformation in Denmark, a collection containing works that had previously been in the libraries of Danish Franciscan monasteries was assembled. Norway continued to play an important role in the hanseatic trade, however, and was wealthy enough to be able to import considerable numbers of religious artefacts from Lubeck. Strangnas Cathedral Library, the only Swedish cathedral library contains a large number of printed books dating from the fifteenth to early seventeenth centuries, including much seventeenth-century war booty.Keywords: Alanus de Rupe; Carthusians; churches; Danish Franciscan monasteries; Denmark; pre-Reformation period; Strangnas Cathedral Library
BRILL eBooks, 2014
This appendix presents a list of references and a list of proper nouns relevant to the discussion... more This appendix presents a list of references and a list of proper nouns relevant to the discussion on the Lecturer's library in Slesvig. The content of the lecturer's library follows the same pattern as the Malmo List with regard to catechetical and ecclesiastical literature, but has a smaller proportion of titles that can be categorised as devotional and liturgical. Its character is quite distinct from that of the lecturer's library in Slesvig, the bishop's collection on the island of Fyn or Christiern Pedersen's bookseller's stock in Malmo.Keywords: island of Fyn; lecturer's library; Malmo list; Slesvig
BRILL eBooks, 2014
This appendix presents a list of references and a list of proper nouns relevant to the discussion... more This appendix presents a list of references and a list of proper nouns relevant to the discussion on the inventory of a house belonging to the Bishop of Odense, 1530-1532. The inventory of an episcopal mansion on the island of Fyn in the diocese of Odense dated between 1530 and 1532 and published in 1870 lists a number of books. The Fyn inventory records the contents of a single episcopal household collection. That collection is indicative of both the bishop's personal interests and his wider responsibilities for his household and the clergy of his diocese. At his mansion on the island of Fyn, the bishop of Odense had access to a small but assorted collection of printed books of almost all genres.Keywords: Bishop of Odense; island of Fyn
BRILL eBooks, 2014
This appendix presents the Malmo list and some other references concerning to the book. Sometime ... more This appendix presents the Malmo list and some other references concerning to the book. Sometime between 1520 and 1523, the Danish authorities took charge of a large stock of books. The inventory prepared on that occasion, today termed the Malmo list and connected with Christiern Pedersen, records more than 3100 items. The Malmo list was published almost a century ago, but its importance for Scandinavian book history has not yet been fully appreciated. Printing in Scandinavia was embedded in European-wide printing infrastructures, and so too were the acquisition and collection of books.Keywords: Christiern Pedersen; Malmo List; Scandinavian book history
BRILL eBooks, 2014
Before the Reformation, books and other printed works were produced in only two Scandinavian coun... more Before the Reformation, books and other printed works were produced in only two Scandinavian countries, Denmark and Sweden. In considering Scandinavian pre- Reformation printing history, this chapter looks at the character of the local presses, with each account of domestic printing accompanied by an evaluation of the books commissioned by local institutions or individual Scandinavian customers. The Scandinavian domestic printing market was apparently small and lacked continuity, breadth and volume. According to the Danish national bibliography, 68 titles were printed in Denmark between 1482 and 1522. Denmark was the first Scandinavian country to attract printers. The list of books printed by Stephanus Arndes for the Levens is impressive and includes works added between 1989 and 2002 as a result of research carried out by Merete Geert Andersen and Dieter Lohmeier, working independently.Keywords: Danish books; Denmark; Dieter Lohmeier; Levens; Merete Geert Andersen; Scandinavian countries; Scandinavian domestic printing market; Stephanus Arndes; Sweden
BRILL eBooks, 2014
National bibliographies tend to have a wider focus and include a variety of categories of printed... more National bibliographies tend to have a wider focus and include a variety of categories of printed material and information on both existing and lost copies. The starting point for sixteenth-century pre-Reformation printed works is particularly poor, with few inventory lists, catalogues or bibliographies of pre-Reformation literature in Scandinavian libraries, and nothing on provenance. Investigation of the lost works of Scandinavian book history is challenging. The chapter affords a welcome opportunity to investigate how the complexities of Scandinavian religious movements determined their capacities as consumers of printed material and their participation in printing. Female religiosity in general and Brigittine monastic culture more specifically were fora in which printed images could often be found. Other religious movements are also associated with specific iconographical and textual needs within regional networks. The distribution of printed books seems to have been common also within the Brigittine order.Keywords: Brigittine monastic culture; pre-Reformation literature; Scandinavian book history; Scandinavian libraries; Scandinavian religious movements
BRILL eBooks, Jun 29, 2023
This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. Chapte... more This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. Chapter 4 A Game of Cities Driving Forces in Early Modern Scandinavian Book History Wolfgang Undorf Every once in a while, attempts have been made to reduce a complex period in international book history by focussing on the history of a single country or on the rivalry of two cities.1 But neither does the history of printing in the Netherlands replace the necessity of looking for other constitutive powers in a specific region and period of time, nor does that classical clash of ideological centres (Rome versus Wittenberg) alone write the history of Reformation and Confessionalisation in early modern Scandinavia. It is indisputable that Wittenberg rose to a position of uttermost importance for Protestant book printing in the middle of the sixteenth century from a very modest starting position.2 Yet, for a long time, Wittenberg and its main 'brand' were of less importance at least with regard to the production of the printed books essential for the spread and consolidation of the Reformation in Sweden.3 It is established practice to feature religion, geography or politics as the driving forces in history; nevertheless this is not sufficient in order to depict the correct image of the book market of that time. Scandinavian, especially Swedish and Danish, book markets which I will concentrate on in the present study, have never worked along clearly drawn lines dividing vernacular domestic and import markets from each other. This is an understanding that expanded the longer I looked at certain actors and actions within early modern Scandinavian book history, as well as the statistics and bibliographical considerations pertaining to printing and distribution of books.4 With regard to the book market and book trade, one has to
Bibliothek Forschung Und Praxis, 1996
BRILL eBooks, 2013
The subsequent victory of printing establishments in the capital over their competitors in the pr... more The subsequent victory of printing establishments in the capital over their competitors in the provinces is predominantly a result of political decisions made in independent processes such as nation building, religious doctrine and the establishment of censorship or other forms of political and governmental control. Scandinavian print culture around 1500 was a peripheral enterprise in many regards, geographically in the first place, but also with regard to handicaps in book trading infrastructure and the extent of the cultural elites that formed the literate public of the late medieval period. Odense exemplifies the potential of provincial printing in Denmark in the earliest years of the sixteenth century. What distinguishes these years and the printing done there from similar periods in early Danish book history is the existence of two legal documents which allow us a unique insight into the private engagement of one person in book collecting, printing and trading. Keywords:book culture; Odense; Scandinavian print culture
Brepols Publishers eBooks, 2006
BRILL eBooks, 2014
One of the most persistent theories about book acquisition in Scandinavia is that most books with... more One of the most persistent theories about book acquisition in Scandinavia is that most books with pre-Reformation provenance were privately acquired by students during their studies or travels abroad. This chapter looks first at books known to have been in the possession of Scandinavian schools, and in some cases of individual teachers and professors. More than three quarters of the collection consists of religious literature, and a number of the works listed as secular could also qualify for one of the categories of religious literature. Uppsala University Library is stronger than Copenhagen University Library, however, in Bibles and scriptural works (9" in Uppsala, 4" in Copenhagen). Legal literature that falls under the categories of general, canon and civil law in Uppsala makes up 30" of the collection, a markedly higher proportion that the 7.5" in Copenhagen.Keywords: Copenhagen university library; religious literature; Scandinavia; Scandinavian schools; Uppsala university library
BRILL eBooks, 2014
This conclusion presents a few closing remarks on the key concepts discussed in the book From Gut... more This conclusion presents a few closing remarks on the key concepts discussed in the book From Gutenberg to Luther: Transnational Print Cultures in Scandinavia 1450-1525. The authors and works that could be found in Scandinavia could also be found elsewhere in late medieval and early modern Europe, along with a similarly limited readership. The book is distinguished from previous studies of Scandinavian print history by its implementation of three specific theoretical concepts: cultural transfer, transnationalism, and centre-periphery. It is especially concerned with the influence of information on the development of regional book cultures in a transnational context. Scandinavian protagonists often had detailed knowledge of non-Scandinavian book markets, knowledge that exerted decisive influence on the development of domestic book markets. The dynamics, statistics and volume of Scandinavian pre-Reformation book culture, which were woven into networks of international communications and trade, are adequately revealed only by means of a transnational perspective.Keywords: non-Scandinavian book markets; regional book cultures; Scandinavian pre-Reformation book culture; transnationalism
BRILL eBooks, 2014
This chapter examines the trade that brought books into Scandinavia during the first seventy year... more This chapter examines the trade that brought books into Scandinavia during the first seventy years of printed production. That importation of books into Scandinavia significantly affected local printers and helped shape north European literary culture. The books, texts and ideas that were transferred determined the scale and nature of the growth of the Scandinavian market. The earliest products of the printing press to be distributed in Scandinavia, though, were not objects of trade, but letters of indulgence. Mainz and Strasbourg, the first centres of printing in Germany, played a significant role in the early trade in printed books that reached Scandinavia. The earliest Reformation works intended for the Scandinavian market were ordered from and produced in Rostock. For book historians of Scandinavia and north Germany, these figures and dates have provided rather minor evidence of the book trade.Keywords: Mainz; north European literary culture; north Germany; Rostock; Scandinavian book trade; Strasbourg
BRILL eBooks, 2014
Monasteries and churches were the foremost book-owning institutions in the pre-Reformation period... more Monasteries and churches were the foremost book-owning institutions in the pre-Reformation period. A similar progress is identified for a text that was at the heart of the late-fifteenth century rosary movement: Alanus de Rupe's psalter of the Virgin Mary was printed in Gripsholm, Sweden, in 1498 and distributed by the Carthusians of the monastery at Mariefred over a major part of central and western Europe. After the introduction of the Reformation in Denmark, a collection containing works that had previously been in the libraries of Danish Franciscan monasteries was assembled. Norway continued to play an important role in the hanseatic trade, however, and was wealthy enough to be able to import considerable numbers of religious artefacts from Lubeck. Strangnas Cathedral Library, the only Swedish cathedral library contains a large number of printed books dating from the fifteenth to early seventeenth centuries, including much seventeenth-century war booty.Keywords: Alanus de Rupe; Carthusians; churches; Danish Franciscan monasteries; Denmark; pre-Reformation period; Strangnas Cathedral Library
BRILL eBooks, 2014
This appendix presents a list of references and a list of proper nouns relevant to the discussion... more This appendix presents a list of references and a list of proper nouns relevant to the discussion on the Lecturer's library in Slesvig. The content of the lecturer's library follows the same pattern as the Malmo List with regard to catechetical and ecclesiastical literature, but has a smaller proportion of titles that can be categorised as devotional and liturgical. Its character is quite distinct from that of the lecturer's library in Slesvig, the bishop's collection on the island of Fyn or Christiern Pedersen's bookseller's stock in Malmo.Keywords: island of Fyn; lecturer's library; Malmo list; Slesvig
BRILL eBooks, 2014
This appendix presents a list of references and a list of proper nouns relevant to the discussion... more This appendix presents a list of references and a list of proper nouns relevant to the discussion on the inventory of a house belonging to the Bishop of Odense, 1530-1532. The inventory of an episcopal mansion on the island of Fyn in the diocese of Odense dated between 1530 and 1532 and published in 1870 lists a number of books. The Fyn inventory records the contents of a single episcopal household collection. That collection is indicative of both the bishop's personal interests and his wider responsibilities for his household and the clergy of his diocese. At his mansion on the island of Fyn, the bishop of Odense had access to a small but assorted collection of printed books of almost all genres.Keywords: Bishop of Odense; island of Fyn
BRILL eBooks, 2014
This appendix presents the Malmo list and some other references concerning to the book. Sometime ... more This appendix presents the Malmo list and some other references concerning to the book. Sometime between 1520 and 1523, the Danish authorities took charge of a large stock of books. The inventory prepared on that occasion, today termed the Malmo list and connected with Christiern Pedersen, records more than 3100 items. The Malmo list was published almost a century ago, but its importance for Scandinavian book history has not yet been fully appreciated. Printing in Scandinavia was embedded in European-wide printing infrastructures, and so too were the acquisition and collection of books.Keywords: Christiern Pedersen; Malmo List; Scandinavian book history
BRILL eBooks, 2014
Before the Reformation, books and other printed works were produced in only two Scandinavian coun... more Before the Reformation, books and other printed works were produced in only two Scandinavian countries, Denmark and Sweden. In considering Scandinavian pre- Reformation printing history, this chapter looks at the character of the local presses, with each account of domestic printing accompanied by an evaluation of the books commissioned by local institutions or individual Scandinavian customers. The Scandinavian domestic printing market was apparently small and lacked continuity, breadth and volume. According to the Danish national bibliography, 68 titles were printed in Denmark between 1482 and 1522. Denmark was the first Scandinavian country to attract printers. The list of books printed by Stephanus Arndes for the Levens is impressive and includes works added between 1989 and 2002 as a result of research carried out by Merete Geert Andersen and Dieter Lohmeier, working independently.Keywords: Danish books; Denmark; Dieter Lohmeier; Levens; Merete Geert Andersen; Scandinavian countries; Scandinavian domestic printing market; Stephanus Arndes; Sweden
BRILL eBooks, 2014
National bibliographies tend to have a wider focus and include a variety of categories of printed... more National bibliographies tend to have a wider focus and include a variety of categories of printed material and information on both existing and lost copies. The starting point for sixteenth-century pre-Reformation printed works is particularly poor, with few inventory lists, catalogues or bibliographies of pre-Reformation literature in Scandinavian libraries, and nothing on provenance. Investigation of the lost works of Scandinavian book history is challenging. The chapter affords a welcome opportunity to investigate how the complexities of Scandinavian religious movements determined their capacities as consumers of printed material and their participation in printing. Female religiosity in general and Brigittine monastic culture more specifically were fora in which printed images could often be found. Other religious movements are also associated with specific iconographical and textual needs within regional networks. The distribution of printed books seems to have been common also within the Brigittine order.Keywords: Brigittine monastic culture; pre-Reformation literature; Scandinavian book history; Scandinavian libraries; Scandinavian religious movements
BRILL eBooks, Jun 29, 2023
This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. Chapte... more This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. Chapter 4 A Game of Cities Driving Forces in Early Modern Scandinavian Book History Wolfgang Undorf Every once in a while, attempts have been made to reduce a complex period in international book history by focussing on the history of a single country or on the rivalry of two cities.1 But neither does the history of printing in the Netherlands replace the necessity of looking for other constitutive powers in a specific region and period of time, nor does that classical clash of ideological centres (Rome versus Wittenberg) alone write the history of Reformation and Confessionalisation in early modern Scandinavia. It is indisputable that Wittenberg rose to a position of uttermost importance for Protestant book printing in the middle of the sixteenth century from a very modest starting position.2 Yet, for a long time, Wittenberg and its main 'brand' were of less importance at least with regard to the production of the printed books essential for the spread and consolidation of the Reformation in Sweden.3 It is established practice to feature religion, geography or politics as the driving forces in history; nevertheless this is not sufficient in order to depict the correct image of the book market of that time. Scandinavian, especially Swedish and Danish, book markets which I will concentrate on in the present study, have never worked along clearly drawn lines dividing vernacular domestic and import markets from each other. This is an understanding that expanded the longer I looked at certain actors and actions within early modern Scandinavian book history, as well as the statistics and bibliographical considerations pertaining to printing and distribution of books.4 With regard to the book market and book trade, one has to
Bibliothek Forschung Und Praxis, 1996
BRILL eBooks, 2013
The subsequent victory of printing establishments in the capital over their competitors in the pr... more The subsequent victory of printing establishments in the capital over their competitors in the provinces is predominantly a result of political decisions made in independent processes such as nation building, religious doctrine and the establishment of censorship or other forms of political and governmental control. Scandinavian print culture around 1500 was a peripheral enterprise in many regards, geographically in the first place, but also with regard to handicaps in book trading infrastructure and the extent of the cultural elites that formed the literate public of the late medieval period. Odense exemplifies the potential of provincial printing in Denmark in the earliest years of the sixteenth century. What distinguishes these years and the printing done there from similar periods in early Danish book history is the existence of two legal documents which allow us a unique insight into the private engagement of one person in book collecting, printing and trading. Keywords:book culture; Odense; Scandinavian print culture
Brepols Publishers eBooks, 2006